taught and other Students belonging to the British Empire, so would offer the purer gift to his fellows! We know not how that they may be permitted to obtain the honours, distinctions, Mr. Cassell manages to give the public the series of engravings and "Works of Emiand degrees which it has to confer on those who are found in his "Illustrated Magazine of Art nent Masters at the price marked on the covers. All we sufficiently qualified, at its public Examinations, without their know is that we feel personally indebted to him, and that he attendance being required for a given period at any of the affi-puts a valuable collection of works of art within reach even of liated Colleges of the University, we, your petitioners, entirely the labouring man. We might plead for fewer Dutch boors agree in the sentiments expressed in that memorial on our be- and Frenchmen, and more of our native art, but we really canhalf, and earnestly pray that you would be pleased to take the not complain. Mr. Millais' "Proscribed Royalist" alone is a treasure to keep us quiet for a good while. To those who are matter into your most serious consideration. benevolently disposed, we could recommend no better outlay "And your Petitioners shall ever pray." of a few shillings, even at the price of a little self-denial, than the presentation of such works to any poor family who are little able to taste the "grace and the glory of life." life."-Edinburgh Guardian.

(Signed)

Such is the form of the petition to the Senate, to which we most respectfully request our Students to send in their signatures; if any of them choose to assign their reasons for so doing in their own way, they may rest assured that the utmost attention will be paid to their statements, not only by ourselves, but by the noblemen and gentlemen composing the Senate of the University; and we may just add, in conclusion, that we shall take the earliest opportunity of calling the attention of the liberal members of Government, as well as of both Houses of Parliament, to the subject both of the petition and the memorial.

MR. CASSELL'S PUBLICATIONS.

We

RETURNING, however, to our cheap periodicals, which, from
the quick and regular succession of their discharge must con-
tinue to be among the most powerful artillery of literature, we
find encouraging tokens of advancement. The "Illustrated
Family Newspaper" of Mr. Cassell, as yet only seven weeks
old, already equals in circulation, if indeed it do not exceed, the
"London Journal," which up to that recent date stood in this
respect at the head of the weekly periodicals. This magazine,
for such it is, is another of the marvels wrought by the bene-
volent enterprise of its publisher. At the price of one penny it
contains eight folio pages of interesting and instructive matter,
crowded with illustrations, in many cases of wonderful merit.
At present it is largely occupied with Russian and Turkish sub-
jects, which must, of course, increase its immediate interest; but
its pleasant historical treatment of them secures their permanent
value. Here we remark, as in the other publications of Mr.
Cassell, an unobtrusive infusion of religious sentiment; and
while the excellence of the publication is thus in our eyes
enhanced, it is done with so much propriety that none
but a Mephistopheles could find in it matter for a sneer.
Among the benefactors of his country, Mr. Cassell, by the
singular versatility and vigour of his efforts in the eleva-
tion of the popular taste, must undoubtedly rank.
have heard disparaging allusions to the unusual connexion
of Literature and Coffee. The more honour, we say, to
the man who, sprung from the lower ranks of the people, is not
content with a flourishing business as a coffee-merchant, but
steps out of his way to lend a hand in the great work of popular
education. Mr. Cassell seems to us to have earned peculiar
praise in his literary enterprises: for he has not merely sent
forth a large array of educational works, embracing the widest
range of liberal culture, but he has aimed at popularising
Art as a special department of the work of civilisation. The
humanising effect of the masterpieces of art on the popular
tastes can hardly be overrated. Compare one of the gentle
landscapes of Cuyp, with its sleeping sunshine, its cattle
quietly rejoicing in the stream, and its homely peasants re-
clining in the shadow of the trees, with one of those startling
tableaux which illustrate the literature of the Mysteries and
Bandit school. The one is suggestive of peace, and hope, and
beauty-it awakens the love of nature, and appeals with
unutterable power to what is highest and purest in the bosom
of man; the other may strike the eye by its cleverness,
but it strikes no chord in the soul-it has no inner meaning,
nothing to speak of but frantic passion, or vulgar cunning,
or idle sentimentalism. Our blessings go with the man who

CORRESPONDENCE.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.

P. E., what are the appointed selections from the classics which SIR,-Could you kindly inform me, through the medium of the have to be more especially studied for the ensuing July examination of the London University? Last year you gave your readers a list of those selections, and informed them that it was taken from the University Calendar. I have written for the calendar, but have been unsuccessful in obtaining it. I know of no other way, therefore, in which to get the information I want, than by applying to you. MINIMUS.

[For the use of our correspondent and our students generally, we insert the required information.

CLASSICAL SUBJECTS.

MATRICULATION,
1854.-Xenophon: Anabasis, Book III.
Virgil: Georgics, Book I.
1855.-Xenophon: Hellenics, Book I.
Cicero; Pro Milone.

BACHELOR OF ARTS.

1854.—Euripides: The Iphigenia in Aulis.

Cicero: The Somnium Scipionis, and the Orations for the
Manilian Law, for Marcellus, and for Archias.

1855.-Demosthenes: Speech against Leptines.

Tacitus: Agricola; Germania; Histories, Book I.

To this information we add the red letter days of the calendar, because they are the days appointed for the examinations this

year.

The classical subjects above mentioned are those which vary from year to year; for the list of those subjects which are invariable, that is, always the same from year to year, see pp. 137 and 213, vol. ii. P. E.]

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. CHEMICUS sends us a drawing and description of a neat chemical stand or support, the description of which he fancies may be useful to our chemical readers. We are inclined to believe, however, that each separate reader has, like Chemicus, discovered some form of stand suitable to his wants. Chemicus would improve the grip, or clasping portion of his apparatus, if he were to furnish it with a contrivance for accomplishing rotatory motion. This he could easily manage, by the mere friction of a wooden peg, rotating in a socket of cork. Stands of this kind are sold by manufacturers of philosophical instruments.

A CHEMICAL STUDENT sends us a description and illustrated drawing of a self-acting blowpipe, or rather, Æolipile. Instruments of this kind are common enough for the purpose of boiling water rapidly, but they do not fulfil the conditions of a good blowpipe. A blowpipe flame should consist of a mixture of combustible matter, and a gaseous supporter of combustion. Now the instrument described by our correspondent yields a jet of combustible matter alone; hence its combustion is only perfect externallywhere it touches the air. There is nothing so good as the mouth blowpipe for all purposes of mineralogical research. Berzelius maintained that every other form of instrument used for the above purpose was worthless. Plattner, a modern writer on the blowpipe, does not coincide with this view. He uses a peculiar mechanical aid for obtaining his jet-under certain circumstances. But Plattner uses the blowpipe as an agent of quantitative assay, causing it to do the work of a furnace. In our humble opinion, Berzelius-who restricted the blowpipe to qualitative investigations -entertained a more correct idea of the true genius and powers of the instrument. For glass-blowing, a pair of double bellows is generallly employed. In our own case, we seldom take the trouble of using this instrument; the mouth blowpipe accomplishing all that we require. HARTLEY WINDLE (Earby): The Lessons in English are published in a separate form.

JOHN MCKENZIE (Thames Ditton) and ROBERT HUMBER (Hartlepool):

Your wishes shall receive our careful consideration.

of our privy council; still we are anxious to oblige each subsoriber as far as

we can.

WARIN (E. Dereham): Your solution of the problem, p. 191, vol. i. P. E., is better than the one inserted; but we cannot return to it, because it is of comparatively little importance. It can be demonstrated that the Trisection of an Angle by Plane Geometry is impossible.-W. F. (Duntocher): If a man's nett profit (which is the difference between the two sides of his profit and loss account) be added to his nett stock (which is the difference of the two sides of his stock account), it is plain, by the very words in which it is expressed, that the sum must be the same as his nett worth (which is the difference of the two sides of balance account); understanding by nett worth, the difference between a man's assets and liabilities, or between the balances of accounts for and against him at the end of any given period.

W. NETTLETON › (Sherborne): We think his remarks on the use of the verb to do hypercritical.-The ANXIOUS INQUIRER (St. Luke's): We wish he would send us his name and address, or we should be glad if he would call upon us.-E. D. (Staffordshire) should study the English poets.. -T. HOLT (Lancashire): Answered before.

A WEEKLY STUDENT has hit the right idea of the position of the four balls, and also of the fifth, or interior ball; but his calculation is wrong.B. STUBBS (Burslem): We have no opinion of Thomas Carlyle's works at all, and think that the world would be just as well without them. Ditto concerning the Life of Nap.-R. L. SENIOR (Salford) and S. M. N.O.: We can't tell.-ALPHA: The book mentioned in ì Kings, xxii. 39, is not extant. -M. FOOKS (Sherborne): The marks referred to are misprinted.

LAPICIDA WIH be kept in view.-T. H. P. S. (Chelsea): The number 2.187266 yards means only 2 yards 2 inches and a of an inch. For "Lessons in Short-hand" see vol. ii. p. 197.-S. P. (Bradford): The lines on "Moral Beauty" are pretty fair, and the subject is most excellent; but we would recommend a long and steady perusal of the "British Poets" before attempting anything that would occupy much time before the taste was improved.

NEMO: Nescio.-X.: There is no remedy but patience for a bad marriage. -H. HARVEY (Dover): Poetry on the Nightingale is quite sickening to us, we have had so much of it.-I. P. H. (York): Forcefulness, even if admissible in writing is much inferior to force.

C. GREGORY (Dean-street): We cannot tell the order in which the different languages will appear. We have not seen the work of M. Le Page alluded to. The binding of the P. E. in plain cloth is 1s. 6d.-T. G. YATES (Bolton): His request shall be attended to soon, for the sake of the Bolton Engineers.-C.GOODGE (Aldersgate-street): Some new things are preparing. -UNDER-GRADUATE, U. OF L.: The fifth century is one of the darkest periods of history; we cannot advise. Search the Library of the British Museum.-E. COOPER (Deptford): To answer his queries would require a volume.

T. L. ELLISON (Coventry): Lithography.--DUNCE (Holborn Hill): We should not have answered him, had he not given us his real name and address; to assume this title is unreal humility; for his wish to learn proves that he is no dunce. The Bookkeeping in the P. E. is sufficient. Cassell's Arithmetic is the best we can recommend; learn the whole of it from begin

ning to end.

J. J. G. (Pendleton): Besides your bookbinder's press, you must have a machine for cutting the edges of your books, technically called a plough. If our cases for single volumes of the P. E. will hold two, make them do so; we think, as an Englishman, that you possess this liberty. G. H. H. (Haslingdon): We have seen what was called a writing alphabet of the Greek, language; but we would, if we durst, advise every language to be written as it is printed, and especially Greek.-J. J. GRAVES (Northampton): You may begin the study of the Greek Testament whenever you please; as you go on, your difficulties will disappear as you study the Greek lessons in the P. E. We consider that it is every man and woman's duty to learn to read. the New Testament in the original tongue, if by any means he or she can afford the time and expense, the latter now being comparatively small; andour reason is, that this knowledge throws a flood of light on the Scriptures which cannot otherwise be made one's own. We are much pleased with the history of his steady progress through difficulties, and we heartily wish him all success.

J. PATRICK (Lubenham): Your spirit-lamp doubtless is sufficiently effective. We described one something like it at the commencement of our lessons, advising the student notwithstanding to procure a real spirit-lamp, which only costs a trifle, and soon reimburses the student for his outlay by preventing the evaporation of his spirit:

THOMAS WALLACE: A soda-water bottle may be used instead of a Florence flask in all experiments not requiring the application of heat. In proportion as glass is thicker, so is it more easily fractured by the application of heat; therefore, in selecting Florence flasks and retorts, choose those of which the bottoms are thin.

J. MACNISH: The term verdigris is somewhat indefinitely applied. It should be limited to express subacetate of copper, that is to say, acetate of copper having an excess of oxide. It is, however, frequently employed to designate the green pulverulent substance which appears upon copper after long exposure to air and moisture (carbonate). Acetate of copper, that is to say, neutral acetate, is known to druggists generally, if not univer-' sally, by the very absurd name of "distilled verdigris." Crystallized verdigris would be right, but distillation is no way concerned in evolving the product.

Student of THE P. E. (London): You have applied the heat too suddenly. The sudden application of heat to glass vessels render them prone to break at any time-especially during cold weather. Probably, also, you touched the glass whilst hot with the wet wick of the lamp. That treatment will infallibly lead to a fracture. whichment

C. H. F. (Irishtown-road, Dublin): The third number of the "Classical Library" will not be published for four or five weeks. The Latin which our correspondent wishes explained, consists of fragments of two verses. The word sunt is understood after the nominative, or they are in apposition with something gone before, and the sense appears to be, that the difficulties of a journey or life in a desert are welcome to a courageous spirit, (literally, sweet to courage).

W. D. C. (Dover) is right.-R. D. G. (Byde): Right; but as he justly supposes, there is a reason for every thing; we cannot, however, make him one

MUSIC: TIMOTHY PENNILESS will find sufficient instructions for playing the German Concertina, with the help of a little "gumption," in one of our earlier Music Lessons.-JOHN MARS: Our glass harmonicon has two octaves, from c below the treble staff to o above. The lowest glass (common window-glass) is five inches and two-eighths long. The highest is two inches and five-eighths. You tune the glasses by chipping off the ends with a key, if you have not anything better.

Vilna,

Vitebsk,

Moghilev,

Minsk,

Grodno,

Bialystok,

Volhynia,

Podolía,

Poland,

Moskva,

Tver,

Smolensk,

Vladimir,

Nijnii Novgorod,

Tver.
Pskov.

Staraia Russa.

Murom.

Moseow.

Smolensk.

Voronej.

Koursk.
Orel, or Orlov.

Kalouga.

Toula.

Riazan.

Tambov.

Nijnii Novgorod.

WEST RUSSIA.

Minsk.

Moghilev.
Vitebsk.
Vilna.

Grodno.

Bialystok.

Bertitcher.

Kamienetz.

Warsaw.