REM.-1 nautical league = 3 equatorial miles

=

x

3.45771 statute

miles. 60 equatorial miles = 69.1542 statute miles = 1 equatorial degree (°). 360° the circumference of a circle. degrees

the circumference of the earth.

CLOTH MEASURE.

360 equatorial

= 1 furlong.

links, 4 poles, 66 feet 1 chain (ch.).

25

100

10

chains

SQUARE MEASURE.

A Square is a surface bounded by four equal sides, its angles are also equal; thus,

D

||1213141516 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ' || | || 3

121 1 1

181 1 1

141 1 1

61 1 1

411

11411110918

61514131217

B

This figure, ABCD, repre

sents a square foot, considering each of the small spaces as an inch. The sides, AB, BC, AD, and DC, each equal to 12 inches in length. The angles, A, B, C, and D, are equal; that is, if one is placed on the other, the sides respectively will coincide.

AB is 12 inches long, and every inch in width makes 12 square inches; and the 12 inches in width, which is either AD or BC, makes 12 x 12 144 sq. in.; hence the correspondence of linear and square measure; thus,

A Cube is a solid figure bounded by six equal squares; the square on page 72 represents the base or any other side, as the sides are all equal; the length of all the edges are equal, and the angles are all equal. If the above figure have 12 inches altitude added to it, every inch will make 144 cubic inches and 12 inches in altitude, 144 × 12 = 1728, which is the number of cubic inches in a cubic foot.

40 cubic feet of round timber, or 50 cubic feet of hewn timber 1 Ton.

A perch of stone is 16 feet long, 14 feet wide, and 1 ft. high 24 solid feet.

=

LIQUID MEASURE.

This measure is used for all liquids.

TABLE.

4 gills (gi.) 1 pint (pt.).

2 pints

4 quarts

36 gal

=

= 1 quart (qt.).

= 1 gallon (gal.).

=

1. Chalaron

In all liquids, except ale, beer, and milk, the gallon is

231 cubic inches.

In ale, beer, and milk, it is 282 cubic inches.

REM.-In the former 31 gallons is called a barrel, 63 gallons a hogshead, 42 gallons a tierce, 84 gallons a puncheon, and 126 gallons a pipe, and 2 pipes a tun. In the latter, 36 gallons = a

barrel, and 54 gallons = a hogshead; these, however, are not measures, but only vessels.

· DRY MEASURE

is used for grain, fruits, vegetables, coal, salt, etc.

Imperial gal. of Great Britain for dry

and liquid measures

Dry bushel of United States

Imperial bushel of Great Britain

= 277.274 cu. in.

=2150.42 cu. in.

=2218.192 cu. in.

ANGULAR OR CIRCULAR MEASURE

is applied to angles and circumferences, reckoning lati tudes and longitudes, etc.

Apparently the sun makes an entire revolution of the earth in 24 hours,* and consequently travels 15° in

When a sheet of paper is folded into two leaves, or 4 pages, and a book made in this way, it is called a folio. 4 leaves is called a quarto.

8 leaves is called an octavo.

12 leaves is called a duodecimo.

*Really, the revolution is that of the earth on its own axis.