EDWIN P. SEAVER, A. M. HEAD MASTER OF THE ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL, BOSTON; FORMERLY ASSISTANT AND GEO. A. WALTON, A. M. AUTHOR OF WALTONS' ARITHMETICS, ARITHMETICAL TABLES, ETC. BOSTON WILLIAM WARE AND COMPANY [SUCCESSORS TO BREWER AND TILESTON] 1879 PREFACE. THE Franklin Elementary Arithmetic, though designed to be an introduction to the Franklin Written Arithmetic, is, nevertheless, a complete arithmetic of its kind. It contains a short course in the elements of numbers, with such applications as are necessary in ordinary business transactions. With the oral teaching which should accompany the use of any book, this book contains enough to meet the wants of that large class of pupils who leave the schools at twelve or thirteen years of age, and of all who desire to master the essentials of arithmetic but have not time to study all that is found in the larger books. The method of the book is indicated by its title. It distinguishes arithmetical operations from the science of arithmetic. While it gives a systematic practice in the former, it leaves the latter to be learned after the mere operations have become familiar by practice. No attempt is made to establish general principles, but the pupil is led to operate by imitating processes illustrated by simple examples, generally in the concrete. General statements and formal rules are thus rendered unnecessary. The special features of the work are: 1. The uniting of oral exercises with the written work, so that the same analysis answers for both processes. 2. The thorough manner of treating the four fundamental operations, especially multiplication and division. These operations are so arranged and combined, that the oral and written processes can be learned in the time ordinarily given to learning the multiplication and division tables. 3. The introduction of United States money and denominate numbers into the same sections with simple numbers and fractions. In this way the reductions in United States money and compound numbers are made a part of the necessary practice in the fundamental operations, and thus much time is saved. 4. Only one method is given for each operation. The pupil is thus spared the perplexity which often results from a multiplicity of methods. 5. The Appendix to the book. This contains full sets of tables, with other methods of operation, to be used instead of those given in the body of the book, if the teacher prefers. 6. Drill Tables, by which the pupil's work may be indefinitely extended, without the teacher being required to search in other books for examples to apply as tests in class exercises. 7. The adaptation of the exercises for use in the class-room, --all oral and illustrative examples being designated by letters of the alphabet, while the examples for the slate and blackboard are numbered consecutively through the section. BOSTON, August, 1878. |