6. How many are 7 and 7? 27 and 7? 37 and 7? 57 and 7? 77 and 7?

7. How many are 8 and 8? 28 and 8? 38 and 8? 48 and 8? 68 and 8?

8. How many are 9 and 9? 39 and 9? 49 and 9? 59 and 9? 69 and 9?

9. How many are 10 and 10? 20 and 10? 50 and 10? 60 and 10? 90 and 10?

10. How many are 1 and 7? 31 and 7?

11 and 7? 21 and 7?

11. How many are 2 and 7? 42 and 7? 62 and 7?

12. How many are 3 and 7? 23 and 7? 83 and 7?

52 and 7?

73 and 7?

13. How many are 4 and 7? 14 and 7? 34 and 7? 64 and 7?

14. How many are 5 and 7? 25 and 7? 45 and 7? 75 and 7?

15. How many are 6 and 7? 36 and 7? 86 and 7?

66 and 7?

16. How many are 7 and 17? 47 and 7? 57 and 7? 77 and 7?

17. How many are 8 and 7? 58 and 7? 38 and 7? 78 and 7?

18. How many are 9 and 7? 69 and 7? 29 and 7? 59 and 7?

19. How many are 10 and 7? 30 and 7? 40 and 7? 60 and 7?

20. How many are 8, 9 and 7? 7, 6 and 8? 6,7, 8 and 9?

21. What three numbers added make 20? 16? 14? 22. What two numbers added make 47? 57? 67?

6.

As you read the following numbers, mention the given number first. Thus, 4 and 6 are 10, etc.

Begin at the right in each number and read the sum.

NOTE.-Teachers should write similar exercises on the blackboard occasionally to test the ability of the class to add rapidly and accurately.

After adding the above numbers (15) to (19) inclusive, in the usual way, vertically, add the numbers in each example in a horizontal direction. Thus, example (17), last number 5, 8, 9,7 say 5, 13, 22, 29.

SUBTRACTION.

INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES.

1. If I have 4 books and sell 2 of them, how many have I left?

Answer. I have left the difference between 4 books and 2 books which is 2 books.

2. If a boy had 5 cents and spent 3 of them, how many had he left?

3. 3 from 4 leaves how many?

Ans. 3 from 4 leaves 1.

4. 2 from 5 leaves how many? 3 from 5?

5. Can you take 3 books from 4 pencils? Why not? 6. Can you take 3 books from 5 books? Why?

7. What are like numbers?

DEFINITIONS.

1. SUBTRACTION is the process of finding the difference between two numbers of the same kind.

2. DIFFERENCE or REMAINDER is the result found by subtracting.

3. The MINUEND is the number from which we subtract.

4. The SUBTRAHEND is the number to be subtracted. 5. The SIGN of SUBTRACTION is a short, horizontal line,, and is read minus. When it is placed between two numbers it shows that the one after it is to be taken from the one before it.

Thus, 6 - 3 is read 6 minus 3, and means that 3, the subtrahend, is to be subtracted from 6, the minuend.

In the expression, 624, 6 is the minuend, 2 the subtrahend, and 4 the difference or remainder.

NOTE. To find the Minuend, add Remainder and Subtrahend. To find the Subtrahend, subtract Remainder from Minuend.

1.

PROBLEMS.

1. Mary's uncle gave her 54; if she spent 24, how many had she left?

SOLUTION. She had left the difference between 5¢ and 2¢, which is 34. Therefore, she had 3 cents left.

2. A farmer sold his pig for $7 and his sheep for $2; how much more did he receive for the pig than for the sheep?

3. Harry earned 8 cents and spent 2 of them; how had he left?

many

4. If a boy who had 10 papers lost 2 of them, how many had he left?

5. In a group of 7 wigwams, 3 were blown down by a storm; how many remained standing?

6. A little boy agreed to make 8 wooden bird-cages; if he has finished three of them, how many more has he to make?

7. There were 9 girls at a party; if all but 3 have gone home, how many have gone home?

8. Jeremiah had 13 chickens and sold 3 of them; how many has he left?

9. Martha gave away 4 of her 9 bananas; how many has she left?

10. Miss Tripp bought 8 blotters and gave away 4 of them; how many has she left?

11. It rained 3 days out of 10; how many days were pleasant?

12. If I sold all but 4 of 11 rabbits; how many did I sell? 13. If two boys caught 8 fish and one of them caught 5, how many did the other catch?

14. Out of 15 words, James missed 5; how many words did he spell correctly?

15. Winnie paid Mr. Pringle 5 cents for buttons; how much change ought she to receive from 10 cents?

16. Mr. Stout bought 11 books and Mr. Slim bought 5; how many more did Mr. Stout buy than Mr. Slim? 17. Helen's father gave her 13 cents to spend; if she spent 5 cents, how many had she left?

20. Morse has 11 tops and Fred has 6; how many more

has Morse than Fred?

21. Sarah has 9 rooms to clean; how many has she to finish when she has cleaned 6?

22. Irene is now 10 years of age; how old was she 6 years ago?

23. If Arthur is 12 years of age and Ferdinand 6, what is the difference between their ages?

24. If a man who earned $15 a week spent $6 a week, how much did he save in that time?

25. Irving bought a clock and a lamp for $16; if the lamp cost him $6, what was the cost of the clock?