THE

WILLIAMS & ROGERS

MENTAL ARITHMETIC

CONTAINING

THOROUGH ORAL DRILL

IN THE

PRINCIPLES OF ARITHMETIC

BY

JAMES M. COOK, A. M.,

PRINCIPAL GRAMMAR SCHOOL NO. 3, ROCHESTER, N. Y.

WILLIAMS & ROGERS,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

1897.

CHICAGO, ILL.

Edue 11s, 97.300

MARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY

GIFT OF THE

GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1895,

By WILLIAMS & ROGERS,

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

E. R. ANDREWS, PRINTER AND BOOKBINDER,

ROCHESTER, N. Y.

PREFACE.

This book is designed to revive the teaching of Mental Arithmetic by the use of oral analyses. The subject has been neglected for the past few years, many teachers thinking that the time given to it could be used to better advantage in other work, and that it could be included in the regular work of written arithmetic; but, after a trial without it, during which time it has been observed that pupils are doing less thinking and reasoning than formerly, there now seems to be a general desire among teachers to return to this method of teaching the subject as a means of securing more thought and greater accuracy in the work of arithmetic. When properly presented and thoroughly taught, it gives an impetus to the mind such as no other elementary branch of study incites.

No subject is better adapted to create interest and arouse enthusiasm in the class-room than that of mental arithmetic, and when in the hands of an energetic teacher, the results obtained in rapid and accurate computations are wonderful.

The book contains a thorough drill in the fundamental principles of arithmetic, and in Common Fractions, Decimal Fractions, Percentage, Interest, etc., etc., besides graded analyses of each subject. It is hoped. that the forms of analysis here used will be the means of making clear what has seemed to many pupils the greatest difficulty in arithmetic.

All mathematical puzzles have been avoided, and only

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