THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE NEBRASKA

FOREST TREES.

CHARLES E. BESSEY.

The many changes in the nomenclature of the forest trees of Nebraska make it necessary that an authentic list should be given in which the names now generally accepted take the place of those which have become antiquated. I find that of the sixtyseven trees admitted to the following list no less than twenty-six have suffered some changes in nomenclature.

BRANCH SPERMATOPHYTA (ANTHOPHYTA, PHANEROGAMIA).

CLASS GYMNOSPERMAE.

ORDER CONIFERAE. Family Pinaceae.

1. Pinus ponderosa Douglas, in Lawson's Manual, 354 (1836). The citation of Loudon as the the authority for this species is an error. Douglas's name was used in Companion of the Botanical Magazine in 1836, and in Lawson's Agriculturist's Manual of the same year, but (Sudworth says) he did not describe it. Loudon described it (in Arboretum et Fructicetum Britannicum, vol. IV., crediting the name to Douglas, as appears to have been done also in Lawson's Manual. Our tree is what Engelmann separated as the variety scopulorum in the Botany of California, vol. II., p. 126 (1880). It is

doubtful whether this is entitled to varietal rank, since our trees are but little different from those on the Pacific coast, which are regarded as typical. If this variety is to be deemed valid our tree will then be named P. ponderosa scopulorum Engelmann, otherwise it will be P. ponderosa Douglas. 2. Juniperus virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 1039 (1753).

CLASS ANGIOSPERMAE.

ORDER THALAMIFLORAE. SUB-ORDER RANALES.

Family Anonaceae.

3. Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, Monographie de la Famille des Anonacées, 83 (1817). This was named Anona triloba by Linne, in the first edition of his Species Plantarum, 537, but since Dunal's work there has been no doubt as to its proper

name.

SUB-ORDER CARYOPHYLLALES. Family Salicaceae.

4. Salix nigra Marshall, Arbustum Americanum, 139 (1785). 5. Salix amygdaloides Andersson, Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps Akademiens Forhandlingar (1858). This tree was originally confused with S. nigra, from which it was separated by Andersson in 1858.

6. Salix lucida Muehlenberg, Neue Schriften der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, IV. (1803).

7. Salix fluviatilis Nuttal, Sylva of North America (1842). This has hitherto borne the name of S. longifolia Muehlenberg, Neue Schrift. Gessel. Nat. Fr. Berlin (1803), and was so named in my previous lists, but, as Professor Sargent points out in Garden and Forest, vol. VIII., November (1895), Muehlenberg's name is not available, having been used in 1778 by Lamarck in his Flora Francais, vol 2, 232. The name S. longifolia is still used in Gray's and Coulter's Manuals.

8. Salix bebbiana Sargent, Garden and Forest VIII., November (1895). This has hitherto borne the name of S. rostrata Rich

ardson in the appendix to Franklin's Narrative of a Journey from the Shores of Hudson Bay and the Polar Sea, 753 (1823), and was so named in my previous lists, but, as Professor Sargent pointed out in Garden and Forest, cited above, this name had already been used by Thuillier in his Flore des Environs de Paris in 1799. In consequence it became necessary for Professor Sargent to give it a new name, as above. This still bears the name of S. rostrata in Gray's and Coulter's Manuals.

9. Salix cordata Muehlenberg, Neue Schrift. Gesel. Nat. Fr. Berlin (1803). The tree here referred to is the one to which the common name of Diamond Willow has been applied. For some years it was supposed that the variety vestita of Andersson was this tree, and it was so named in my previous lists, but that has been been determined by Sargent to be an error. For the present we can do no more than call it a form of this species. In the Illustrated Flora (Britton and Brown) our plant appears to be confused with S. missouriensis Bebb.

10. Populus tremuloides Michaux, Flora Boreali-Americana, 11 (1803).

11. Populus balsamifera L. Sp. Pl. 1034 (1753). In previous lists this has been given as the variety candicans of Gray (more properly of (Aiton) Gray), or canadensis (Moench) Sudworth, but I am confident now that our tree is the species proper and not the variety.

12. Populus augustifolia James, Long's Expedition, 1, 497 (1823). 13. Populus acuminata Rydberg, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical

Club, 20:50 (1893). This interesting tree is conceded by
Professor Sargent as "probably a distinct species." (Sylva,
IX., 172.)

14. Populus deltoidea Marshall, Arbustum Americanum, 106 (1785). This has borne the name of P. monilifera Aiton in previous lists and in Gray's Manual. In Coulter's Manual it is P. angulata Aiton, while in De Candolle's Prodromus

XVI., 2 (1868), it is P. canadensis Moench. In the Illustrated
Flora a variation of the spelling is used, as P. deltoides.

SUB-ORDER MALVALES. Family Tiliaceae.

15. Tilia americana L. Sp. Pl. 514 (1753).

Family Urticaceae.

16. Ulmus americana L. Sp. Pl. 226 (1753).

17. Ulmus racemosa Thomas, American Journal of Science, 19:170 (1831).

18. Ulmus fulva Michaux, Flora Boreali-Americana, 1:172 (1803). In some recent lists this bears the name U. pubescens Walter, Flora Caroliniana (1788), and there is reason to believe that this may be the prior name.

19. Celtis occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 1044 (1753).

20. Morus rubra L. Sp. Pl. 986 (1753).

ORDER BICARPELLATAE.

SUB-ORDER GENTIANALES.

Family Oleaceae.

21. Fraxinus americana L. Sp. Pl. 1057 (1753).

22. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Arbustum Americanum, 51 (1785). This is the F. pubescens Lamarck (1786), which name it bears in Gray's and Coulter's Manuals.

23. Fraxinus pennsylvanica lanceolata (Borkh.) Sargent, Silva of North America, VI., 50 (1894). This was first named F. lanceolata by Borkhausen (Handbook Forst. Bot., 1800). It received the name of F. viridis by Michaux filius in Histoire des Arbres in 1813, and the latter name has been very generally adopted by American botanists, and is still used in Gray's and Coulter's Manuals.

ORDER CALYCIFLORAE. SUB-ORDER ROSALES.

Family Rosaceae.

24. Pirus coronaria ioensis Wood, Class-book, 333 (1870). This is the P. iowensis (Wood) Bailey of the "Check List."

25. Crataegus tomentosa L. Sp. Pl. 476 (1753).

26. Crataegus mollis (Torrey & Gray) Scheele, Linnaea 21:569 (1848). This is the C. coccinea mollis T. & G. of the sixth edition of Gray's Manual, and the C. subvillosa Schrader of some lists.

27. Crataegus coccinea L. Sp. Pl. 476 (1753).

28. Crataegus coccinea macracantha (Lodd.) Dudley, Bulletin of Cornell University, 2:33 (1886). In the "Check List" this is considered to be a distinct species under Loddige's original name C. macracantha.

29. Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medicus, Geschichte der Botanikunserer Zeiten, 79 (1793).

30. Prunus virginiana L. Sp. Pl. 473 (1753).

31. Prunus serotina Ehrhart, Beitraege zur Naturkunde, 3:20 (1788).

32. Prunus americana Marshall, Arbustum Americanum, 111 (1785).

Family Caesalpiniaceae.

33. Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) Koch, Dendrologie, 1:5 (1869). This is G. canadensis Lamarck (1783), and of the ordinary manuals. It was first named Guilandina dioica by Linne in Sp. Pl. 381 (1753).

34. Gleditsia triacanthos L. Sp. Pl. 1056 (1753). In nearly all publications the generic name is given as Gleditschia in spite of the fact that Linne spelled Gleditsia, evidently from Gleditsius, Latinized from the German Gleditsch.

35. Cercis canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 374 (1753).

Family Platanaceae.

36. Platanus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 999 (1753).

SUB-ORDER CELASTRALES. Family Rhamnaceae.

37. Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh, Flora Americae Septentrionalis, 166 (1814).

38. Rhamnus caroliniana Walter, Flora Caroliniana, 101 (1788).