horse, took him by the bridle, and held him | till his owner came up. 3. A SOLILOQUY. As I saw the last blue line of my native land fade away like a cloud in1 the horizon, | it seemed2 | as if I had closed one volume of the world and its contents, and had time for meditation before I opened another. That land,' [too,] now vanishing from my view, which contained all most dear to me in life —what vicissitudes might occur in it--what changes might take place in me, before I should visit it again! 1 See 2, 4. WASHINGTON IRVING. 2 Say then seemed it to me. 3 Leave out the Auxiliary when it occurs again in the same clause. Use the Subjunctive after als ob (as if). See L.G. G. p. 141. 4 Translate mit all ihrem Inhalt. All remains uninflected in the Masc. and Neut. Singular before the Def. Article or a Possessive Adjective. 5 Translate: Zeit zum Nachdenken. "Say the following. 7 Render: And what changes could take place in me, | and what vicissitudes could occur in that land, | which, etc. 8 Translate das jezt meinem Blicke entschwant. 9 Say: and contained all that, | which was dearest to me in life,| before I, etc. 6 4. FRATERNAL LOVE. DEAR brother,' said the elder, I cannot1 express to thee how I enjoy these evening-hours. To2 you alone I feel | as if I were not a mere3 visionary and idler | when I talk of the uncertain future, and build [up] my palaces-of-the-air. Our parents listen to me as if I were uttering fine things out of a 1 Place nicht after dir. 2 Translate: Bei dir allein habe ich das Gefühl. The forms du, ihr are used only in addressing intimate friends or relations, by grown-up persons to children or inferiors, in poetry and divine worship. 3 Say: merely a. 4 Here: Stelle, f. 5 book; and my dear mother-Heaven bless her!-wipes her eyes, and says, "Hark, what a scholar he is!"-LYTTON BULWER. 5 Translate: wischt sich die Augen. The Definite Article preceded by the Reflexive or the Dative of the Noun is used instead of the Possessive Adjective, when the latter is joined to words denoting parts of the body. The Reflexive, however, is omitted where there is no doubt as to the possessor. 6 Translate wie gelehrt. 2 5. [OLD] AGE. AGE, that lessens the enjoyment of1 life, increases our desire of living. Those dangers | which, in the vigour of youth, we had learned to despise, | assume new terrors as we grow old. Our caution increasing as our years [increase], [ as5 | fear becomes at last the prevailing passion of the mind, | and the small remainder of life is taken up in useless efforts to keep off our end, or provide for a continued existence.—GOLDSMITH. 1 An (Dative) is used after words denoting some special advantage or defect, ,-an (Acc.) is found with belief, thought, memory, application towards, accustom. 2 Use the Infinitive with zu when the Verbal Form in -ing is preceded by the words 'of,' 'without,' ' instead of,' etc. 3 After a Relative Object or Subordinate Conjunction place the Subject next. 4 Say: Whilst our caution increases. See 2, 7. 5 Translate in demselben Maße wie. 6 The Passive Voice and not sein must be used when the action is not considered complete. 7 Translate für eine Fortseßung des Lebens. 6. HENRY THE FIRST. HENRY,1 in consequence of his possession of Normandy,2 had been frequently involved in war with France. Robert's son, | William Clito, | claimed Normandy, and his claim3 was sup 1 In Principal Clauses the Subject must not be separated from the Verb by Adverbs or Adverbial expressions. 2 The Def. Article is used with Feminine Names of Countries. 3 Use the Plural here. ported by Louis VI., | the Fat.5 In these wars Henry was 1127, William was killed, usually successful, and at last, in and Henry freed from danger. His own son, also named William, | had already been drowned on the voyage between Normandy and England in 1120.—S. R. GARDINER. 4 The Agent is expressed by von (Dat.), the Instrument by durch (Acc.). 5 Use the Dative here in apposition to Louis VI. 6 Translate im Jahre. 7 This must be rendered by a Relative Clause: who was also named William. 7. LOUIS THE GREAT. As for Louis the Great, | he is more than mortal. Lift up your1 glances respectfully as he passes through the gallery | where Villars, | [and] Vendome, | [and] Berwick, | [and] Bossuet, and Massillon are waiting. Can court2 be more splendid, | nobles3 and knights more gallant and superb? A grander monarch, or a more miserable starved wretch than the peasant, | his subject, | you cannot look on. Let us bear both these types in mind, if we wish to estimate the old society properly.-THACKERAY. 1 Say: the eyes. See 4, 5. 2 Say: a court. 3 Repeat the Auxiliary of mood when the numbers differ. 4 In an indefinite sense, meaning anybody, 'you' must be translated by 5 Translate im Gedächtnis behalten. man, one. : 8. THE DEFENCE OF KARS. THE defence of Kars presents1 rare examples of heroism. We have a faithful description of it from an eye-witness, | Dr. Sandwith. The English officers, who directed the defence, have by their talents, activity, and persevering energy gained the admiration of the world; the Turkish troops of the garrison have proved themselves brave and faithful soldiers, and the inhabitants of the town have displayed an enthusiasm and 2 See 2, 6. 4 Say: as brave, etc. 1 Say presents to us. 3 See 6, 4. 5 devotedness to their cause which even the most severe suffering could not extinguish. Though the defence ended in a surrender, it merited and has won the honours of a victory. 5 Repeat the Indef. Article. Words denoting conduct or feeling towards an object, or exchange, are followed by gegen. 6 See 2, 5. 7 To mark the contrast between the Concessive and the Principal Clauses, insert doch after the Subject in the Principal Clause. 8 The borrowed Plural of Ehre (honour) is Ehrenbezeugungen, f. For further list of Nouns with borrowed Plurals, see L. G. G. Appendix vi. 9. GEORGE STEPHENSON. GEORGE STEPHENSON and James Watt are the two men to whom we owe the speed and comfort of our present railway travelling.2 George was born in 1781, at a colliery village3 called Wylam, on the banks of the Tyne, about eight miles from 5 Newcastle. He was one of six6 children who had to be supported on their father's small wages of twelve shillings a9 week. Robert Stephenson, | the father, was an amiable man, fond 10 of animals, and fond of telling stories, which 11 made him a great favourite 12 with young people. Mabel, | his wife, was a good, thoughtful woman. 1 Say both the men. The Article always precedes in German. 2 Translate: Reisens mit der Eisenbahn. 3 Translate in einem Dorfe bei einem Kohlenbergwerk. 4 Say which lies on the banks. Translate on here by an. : 5 Say: distant from. See 2, 4. 6 The word 'of' before Cardinals is usually translated by von. 7 Here: unterhalten von (on). Verbs compounded with durch, über, unter, um are both Separable and Inseparable—the former with the literal meaning and accented prefix, the latter with a figurative meaning and unaccented prefix. Wiederholen is the only verb compounded with wieder which is both Separable and Inseparable-wiederholen, to fetch back, wiederholen, to repeat. 8 Say which amounted to twelve shillings a week. : : 9 Say the week. 10 Say who loved animals and liked to tell (gern. . . erzählte) stories. Notice this use of gern (willingly) with verbs, meaning 'liked to,' 'fond of,' etc. 11 When 'which' refers to a whole clause it must be rendered by was. 12 Translate: sehr beliebt (bei). 10. LANDING OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. THE landing at Hastings is described very minutely in an old French romance. First landed the archers, each1 having his bow in his hand, with his arrows at his side; next came the knights in full armour; after them the workmen. The duke himself came last. As he leapt in full armour from the boat, | his2 foot slipt, and he fell his3 whole length on the beach with his face downwards. A murmur arose among his men, | and some of them cried out, A bad omen.' 'No, by the splendour of God,' cried William, leaping5 to his feet, I have seized [on] the land with [my] two hands, and you shall see | it will all be ours.' 1 Say of whom each had the bow in the hand and the arrows at the side. See 4, 5. 2 Translate glitt er mit dem Fuße aus. 4 See 2, 6. 3 Translate: so lang er war. 5 : : 6 Say whilst he leapt on the feet. See 2, 7. Say with both hands. 7 See 4, 2. 8 Translate daß es ganz und gar uns gehören wird. 11. ALVA. 6 THE hatred1| Alva excited in the Netherlands | was such2 | that, as he was warned, it was not safe for him to go out after dark. Placards were posted up in Brussels | menacing5 his life if he persisted in his prosecution of Egmont. He held such menaces as light, as he did the entreaties of the countess or the arguments of her counsel. Far from being moved by 1 Say The hatred which Alva excited. : omitted in German as in English. The Relative cannot be 2 Say so great that. . . it was dangerous for him. 3 The Passive Voice is often avoided in German by the use of the Indefinite Pronoun man, one (as here), or by a Verb used reflexively. 4 Translate nach dem Dunkelwerden. 5 Say which threatened him (Dative) with death, in case he should persist. See L. G. G. p. 171. 6 Say Of (Aus) such menaces as also of the entreaties... counsel, he held light (machte er sich nichts). 7 Translate: Weit davon entfernt sich durch . . . beeinflussen zu lassen. |