14. A market gardener used the following fertilizer for 3 acres of vegetables: 400 lb. nitrate of soda @ $48 a ton, 900 lb. cotton-seed meal @ $24.60 a ton, 900 lb. acid phosphate @ $11.70 a ton, 900 lb. bone meal @ $26.10 a ton, and 331% less muriate of potash than bone meal @ $2.15 per 100 lb. What did the fertilizer cost per acre?

15. A gardener used 700 lb. of fertilizer per acre, composed of 1 part nitrate of soda to 2 parts each of acid phosphate, bone meal, and muriate of potash. The nitrate of soda cost $48 a ton, the acid phosphate $11.50 a ton, the bone meal $2.15 per 100 lb., and the muriate of potash $42.50 a ton. What did the fertilizer cost for 5 acres?

16. Of an Iowa farm of 160 acres, 10% was swampy. Before this part was properly drained it yielded some hay, averaging in value $3.25 to the acre. After being drained and tiled it yielded grain to the value of $12 to the acre. What was the per cent of increase in productiveness of this part of the farm after it was drained?

17. By a proper selection of seed corn for three years, a farmer was finally able to grow 80 bu. of corn on one acre. On an adjoining acre with similar soil where seed was taken at random, the yield was 333 bu. If he had followed the first plan instead of the second for all of his 52 acres, what would have been the per cent of gain?

18. On a piece of average ground a farmer counted 22 heads of smutty wheat out of a total of 176 heads. If the yield was 16 bu. of good wheat to the acre, and the tract contained 42 acres, what was the farmer's loss in yield? By treating a certain area with formalin he killed all the smut spores, and by selecting his seed from these healthy plants he afterwards grew all of his wheat free from disease. What was now the yield per acre?

19. A cow gives 875 lb. of milk in a certain month. The milk tests 4.3% butter fat. How many pounds of butter fat does she produce in this month?

20. If the butter fat is sufficient for more than its weight of butter, how many pounds of butter could be made from the milk mentioned in Ex. 19?

21. If the butter mentioned in Ex. 20 is sold at 24g a pound, what is the value of the butter produced in this month from the milk of this cow?

22. A man has a dairy that produces milk averaging 3.75% butter fat during a certain month. The butter fat weighs 787 lb. How many pounds of milk are produced?

23. The weight of the solid matter in the milk of a certain dairy during a summer was 12% of the total weight, and the butter fat was 25% of the solids. The butter fat was what per cent of the weight of the milk?

24. The weight of the solid matter in the milk of a certain dairy during June was 13.2% of the total weight, and the butter fat was of the solids. How many pounds of butter fat to a ton of milk?

25. A farmer bought 24 cattle and sold them a year and a half later for $1200. He estimated his net gain at $10 a head, 20% of which was due to extra care in feeding. What would have been the average selling price per head if he had not taken this extra care?

26. A farmer has two cows, one supplying 1000 lb. of milk in a certain month, testing 3% butter fat, and the other 800 lb., testing 4% butter fat. If the butter fat is sufficient for 1163% of its weight in butter, and butter is worth 23 a pound, which cow pays the farmer the more for that month, the feed costing the same? How much more?

27. The books of a creamery show the following record for seven of its patrons, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, for six days. The figures represent the pounds of cream delivered each day, and the per cent of butter fat in the cream, as shown by tests.

Per cent of

butter fat 29% 34% 27% 30% 26% 35% 32%

How many pounds of cream were supplied by each patron? Of this amount how many pounds were butter fat? If this butter fat was sufficient for 1163% of its weight in butter, and the patrons received 24 per pound of butter, what did each receive for the six days?

28. One day's report of a creamery operating five stations. shows the pounds of milk and cream received, as follows:

a. If 163% of the milk is cream, how many pounds of

cream has each station?

b. If 25% of the cream is butter fat, how many pounds of butter fat has each?

c. If the butter fat is sufficient for 1163% of its weight in butter, how many pounds of butter does each produce? d. What is the butter of each worth at 23 a pound? e. Show that the total number of pounds of butter is 819.

29. A certain creamery uses 6400 lb. of milk in a week. The skim milk amounts to 80% of the whole milk, and tests 3% butter fat. How many pounds of butter fat are lost in the skim milk? If this would suffice for 163% more than its weight in butter, how much butter is lost?

30. A cow gives 850 lb. of milk in a certain month. After the butter fat is extracted the milk weighs 816 lb. What per cent of butter fat did the milk yield? How many pounds? How many pounds of butter could be made from it, the butter weighing 1163% as much as the fat? What would this butter be worth at 25¢ a pound?

31. An Illinois farmer made a fertilizer for his cornfields, using 95 parts acid phosphate, 100 parts cotton-seed meal, and 5 parts muriate of potash. He then decided to add enough acid phosphate to 100 lb. of the mixture to make it 50% of the total. How much did he add?

If he adds x lb., then 50% of (100+ x) lb. = 471⁄2 lb. +x lb. Hence 2=x, and x = 5.

32. A Louisiana planter has some fertilizer for his cotton fields, consisting of 62% acid phosphate, 30% dried blood, 7% muriate of potash. He finds that his land needs more acid phosphate, and decides to add enough of it to the mixture so that it shall be 70% of the total. How many pounds of acid phosphate must he add to a

ton of the fertilizer?

33. A North Carolina farmer finds that a fertilizer that he has been using is too rich in acid phosphate. The formula used is 25% dried blood, 5% nitrate of soda, 20% sulphate of potash, and the rest acid phosphate. How many pounds less of acid phosphate must he use to every 400 lb. of sulphate of potash, so that the acid phosphate shall be 45% of the mixture?

CHAPTER IV

1. BUSINESS APPLICATIONS

GOING INTO BUSINESS

434. How a boy may go into business. If a boy on leaving school goes into some trade, he will start with very low wages. He may be employed to go on errands, to wrap up goods, or to deliver parcels. He will soon show whether he has any elements of success. If he shirks work, indulges in too much talk, watches the clock for closing time, and wastes what money he receives, he will either be "out of a job" or be left in the lowest kind of place.

But if he works his best, exerts himself to be helpful in every way, is always a gentleman, and takes an interest in improving his work, he will soon begin to work his way up. If he saves money, shows himself a good manager, earns a reputation for absolute truth, and has a circle of customers who know they can always rely upon him, he will probably succeed in business for himself. These are the qualities that make great merchants and manufacturers. The world is waiting for such men.

435. How a girl may go into business. The girl who has to support herself may begin as cash girl or clerk in a store and work up to the position of buyer in some department. If she is in a factory, a position as overseer is among the possibilities. If she is a stenographer, good positions are always awaiting capable women, often demanding considerable knowledge of the business with which they are connected. If she marries, some knowledge of business is equally as important, for many homes are made unhappy because of lack of this knowledge.