ORAL EXERCISE 1. In the number 234, what place is occupied by the 4? by the 3? by the 2? 2. In the number 123,456,789, what name is given to the period 789? to the period 456? to the period 123? to the whole number? 7. Reading numbers. In a number like 6,123,209,209.32 we speak of the three places in each period as orders. Billions Millions Thousands Units Periods Orders: 6,123,209,209.32 Teachers should require pupils to read numbers accurately. Number names beyond billions are too rarely used to be taught. Omit the following exercise with classes not ready for the multiplications. WRITTEN EXERCISE How Let us see what a large number like a million means: 1. It is 1000 mi. from Chicago to New York. many feet does this equal? 2. How many seconds in 1 min.? in 1 hr.? in 1 da.? in 11 da.? Have you a million seconds yet? 3. How many hours in 1 yr.? in 100 yr.? million hours yet? Have you a 4. If there are 25 pupils in your room, how many rooms would be needed for 100 pupils? for 1000? for 1,000,000 ? SOME USES FOR LARGE NUMBERS ORAL EXERCISE Read the following aloud: 1. The number of different books published in a certain year in the United States was 8141, in England 6044, in France 13,053, and in Germany 25,331. 2. In the same year the value of the wheat produced in the United States was $467,350,156; of corn, $921,555,768; of oats, $293,658,777. 3. In a certain year the United States coined $99,272,943 worth of gold, Great Britain $63,769,609, and Russia $83,221,525. 4. In the common schools of our country there were in a certain year 15,341,220 pupils, and the average number present each day was 10,513,518. To teach them required 421,288 teachers. 5. From 1800 to 1900 the population of New York City increased from 60,489 to 3,437,202; that of Philadelphia, from 41,220 to 1,293,697; that of Boston, from 24,937 to 560,892; and that of Chicago, from nothing to 1,698,575. 6. Suppose Germany keeps an army of 576,666 men; France, 545,962; Great Britain and India, 347,042; Russia, 1,049,003, while the United States has only about 50,000. Can you explain this great difference? 7. Our country mined in one year 228,717,579 tons of coal. Great Britain mined 223,616,279 tons; Germany, 135,844,419 tons; France, 32,862,712 tons; Russia, 12,800,000 tons; Canada, 4,142,242 tons; Mexico, 409,125 tons; and the rest of the world mined enough to bring the total to 723,617,836 tons. WRITTEN EXERCISE Copy the following, writing the numbers in Arabic figures: 1. In Alabama there were at one time five thousand, six hundred two factories, employing fifty-two thousand, nine hundred two persons. 2. In California there were two hundred five million, three hundred ninety-five thousand, twenty-five dollars invested. in manufacturing, and the value of the product was three hundred two million, eight hundred seventy-four thousand, seven hundred sixty-one dollars a year. 3. New York has the largest amount of manufacturing of any of our states. It employed recently eight hundred forty-nine thousand wage earners and produced two billion, one hundred seventy-five million, seven hundred sixty-six thousand, nine hundred dollars' worth of goods a year. In 4. The expenses of our government are very great. eighteen ninety-seven they were three hundred two million, seven hundred eighty-six thousand, three hundred eightysix dollars. In eighteen ninety-nine they were six hundred seventy-three million, fifty thousand, two hundred ninetythree dollars. They are now probably between four and five hundred million dollars a year. 5. One of the great industries in the United States is supplying the people with meat. The value of the products. was recently seven hundred eighty-six million, six hundred three thousand, six hundred seventy dollars in one year. Next to that comes the iron industry. It recently produced five hundred ninety-six million, five hundred eightyeight thousand, thirty-four dollars' worth of goods in one year. ADDITION ORAL EXERCISE 1. State rapidly two one-figure numbers whose sum is 11; also two whose sum is 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 17; 18. 2. Write upon the blackboard the series 7, 0, 8, 6, 9, 5, 4, 2, 1, 3, and read the numbers, each increased by 2; by 7. Much drill work of this kind should be given. A short time daily devoted to such oral work is wisely spent. 8. Addition. The process of finding a number that equals two or more other numbers is called addition. 9. Addends. Numbers to be added are called addends. 10. Sum. The result in addition is called the sum. 11. Only numbers considered as like numbers can be added. For example, $3 + $5 = $8. But 3 turnips + 5 potatoes are neither turnips nor potatoes, although if we consider them as vegetables we may say, "3 vegetables + 5 vegetables are 8 vegetables.' 12. Remember to read a column like a word. Try to see the 10's, or the 5's and 15's. In this column you should see the two 10's and the 15, and write the answer, 35. It is, however, not wise to skip numbers in order to group by 10's. 4 2 ∞ 2 15 9. 8 10 7 10 3 35 13. Checks. To check or prove your work, read the column from the top down, if you first read it upwards. WRITTEN EXERCISE 1. 3,288 2. 2,287 3. 33,042 4. 317,675 5. 768,265 1,838,921 1,159,356 662,973 OUR COUNTRY'S EXTENT AND RESOURCES WRITTEN EXERCISE 1. The census at the beginning of this century showed 65,843,302 native and 10,460,085 foreign-born persons in the United States. What was the total population? 2. At that time the population of our three largest cities was as follows: New York, 3,437,202; Chicago, 1,698,575; Philadelphia, 1,293,697. What was their total population? 3. We sold $1,487.764,991 worth of goods and produce to foreign countries in 1901; $1,381,719,401 in 1902; and $1,420,141,679 in 1903. What was the total ? 4. The amount of gold in the United States in a certain year was $1,174,600,000; of silver, $660,000,000; and of paper money, $437,800,000. What is the total amount of money in the country? 5. The area of the United States is 3,602,990 sq. mi.; of the Philippine Islands, 143,000 sq. mi.; of Porto Rico, 3600 sq. mi.; of Hawaii, 6740 sq. mi. ; and of other islands, 554 sq. mi. What is the total area? 6. The four countries producing the most wheat at the opening of this century were as follows: United States, 756,269,573 bushels a year; Russia, 427,780,477 bushels; France, 307,388,463 bushels; and India, 248,593,946 bushels. How much did all four produce? 7. The number of children in our elementary public schools in a certain year was 14,662,488, and in private schools 1,193,882; the number of pupils in public high. schools was 488,549, and in private ones 166,679. There were also 103,251 in colleges and universities, and 123,514 in professional schools. Required the total. |