RULING CASE LAW VOLUME XXVII UNITED STATES COURTS I. JURISDICTION GENERALLY II. CITIZENSHIP OF PARTIES III. AMOUNT IN CONTROVERSY IV. CONCURRENT AND CONFLICTING JURISDICTION VII. RULES OF COURT VIII. SUPREME COURT; ORIGINAL JURISDICTION XII. JURISDICTION OF COURT OF CLAIMS I. Jurisdiction Generally 1. Creation of Courts and Their Jurisdiction 2. Nature and Extent Generally 3. Jurisdiction Limited 4. Equity Jurisdiction 5. Probate Jurisdiction 6. Effect of Consent 7. Pleading to Show Jurisdiction 8. Record Must Show Jurisdiction 9. Joinder of Causes as Affecting Jurisdiction R. C. L. Vol. XXVII.-1. 1 10. Effect of State Laws Generally 11. Ancillary Proceedings 12. Crimes 13. In General II. Citizenship of Parties JURISDICTION BASED ON CITIZENSHIP 14. District in Which Defendant Is Inhabitant or in Which Found 15. Object of Provision as to Citizenship 16. Collusion between Parties for Purpose of Jurisdiction 17. Effect of Change of Domicil of Party 18. Raising Question of Citizenship 19. Suits in Name of Public Official against Citizens of Same State 20. Effect of Equitable Interest Where Parties Have Legal Interest 21. Citizens of District of Columbia or Territories 22. Citizenship Generally of Corporations 23. Status of Corporation in State Other than Where Created 24. Joint Stock and Limited Partnership Associations 25. Several Coplaintiffs or Codefendants 46. Possession of Subject Matter of Controversy; Custody of Person 48. Equity Suits V. Laws of the States; Rules of Decision 49. Construction and Scope Generally of Act of Congress 50. Rule as to Decisions of State Courts Construing Statutes 51. Constitutionality of State Statute 52. Decisions of Territorial Courts 54. Decisions Construing State Constitutions 55. Application Generally of Rule as to State Court Decisions 56. Decisions as to Statutes of Limitation 57. Decisions Relating to Real Property 59. Conflicting Decisions in State Courts 79. "Validity of a Treaty or Statute of, or an Authority Exercised under, the 80. "Validity of a Statute of, or an Authority Exercised under, Any State" CERTIORARI TO AND REVIEW OF DECISIONS OF CIRCUIT COURT OF APPEALS 89. Questions Certified to Supreme Court 90. Power to Issue Certiorari in General 91. Certiorari to Review Judgments and Decrees 92. Certiorari under Power to Issue Writs Necessary to Exercise of Jurisdic- 93. Appeals and Writs of Error from Circuit Court of Appeals 97. Construction or Application of the Constitution of United States 98. Constitutionality of Any Law of United States 99. Validity or Construction of Any Treaty Drawn in Question 100. Constitution or Law of State Claimed to Contravene Constitution of 116. Suits by "Any Officer" of United States 117. Suits Affecting "Lands under Grants from Different States" 118. "Matter in Controversy" 119. Amount in Controversy 120. Suits Arising under Constitution, Laws or Treaties of United States 121. Application of Rule as to Cases Arising under Federal Constitution or Laws 122. Suits between "Citizens of a State and Foreign States, Citizens or Sub jects" 123. Assignee of Chose in Action 124. Suits "against Consuls and Vice-consuls" 125. Miscellaneous Subjects of Jurisdiction; Crimes and Offenses 1. Creation of Courts and Their Jurisdiction.-Judicial authority can exist only when conferred by a government or sovereignty.1 Thus the common law is not a source of jurisdiction in the United States courts; their jurisdiction in common law cases being limited to those where it has been conferred by an act of Congress. The power exercised by this legislative body is in pursuance of the constitution which is the source of jurisdiction of those courts and which provides (art. III, § 1) that the judicial power of the United States "shall be vested in one supreme court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." This provision is regarded 4 1. Ableman v. Booth, 21 How. 506, Minnesota, etc., R. Co., 1 Black 358, 16 U. S. (L. ed.) 169. As to courts 17 U. S. (L. ed.) 147. generally, see COURTS, vol. 7, p. 969 et seq.; as to jurisdiction in particular matters, see ADMIRALTY, vol. 1, p. 403 et seq.; MILITARY, vol. 18, p. 1010 et 4. United States v. Worrall, 2 Dall. 384, 1 U. S. (L. ed.) 426; Sundry African Slaves v. Madrazo, 1 Pet. 110, 7 U. S. (L. ed.) 73; Jackson v. Twentyman, 2 Pet. 136, 7 U. S. (L. ed.) 374; Ladew v. Tennessee Copper Co., 218 U. S. 357, 31 S. Ct. 81, 54 U. S. (L. ed.) 1069. 5. See Livingston v. Story, 9 Pet. |