gives the amount of the four numbers, 15795. The scholar will readily comprehend the nature of Simple Addition; viz. that it consists in uniting two or more numbers of the same denomination, so as to find their amount.

The scholar will carefully examine the following sums, which are added, to see if he obtains the same result.

2.

8 4 7 3 9 6 36 48 69

4 8 2 4 3 6 6 2 2 4 39

2 3 171 4 0

In this second example, in the unit column, there are 3 to carry, because there are 3 tens or 30. For the same reason there are 2 to carry in all the remaining columns but one.

20. A farmer sold his wheat for 320 dollars; his corn for 275 dollars; his oats for 78 dollars; his barley for 162 dollars; and one horse for 132 dollars. What was the amount of his sales? Ans. $967.

21. A merchant owned four vessels, which were worth, the first, $4800; the second, $5200; the third, $6000; and the fourth, $6800; he had also goods on board one of these vessels, worth $2700; besides $3500 deposited in the bank. What is the amount of his property? Ans. $29000.

22. Three farmers have each 562 acres of land; how many have they all? Ans. 1686 acres.

23. A farmer fattened and killed an ox for market; the hind quarters weighed, the one 182 pounds, and the other 177; each of the fore quarters weighed 163 pounds; the hide, 116 pounds; and the tallow, 120 pounds. What was the weight of the ox? Ans. 921 pounds.

24. In a certain town there are five schools, containing the following numbers of scholars, viz. 72, 28, 65, 84, and 91; how many children are attending these five schools? Ans. 340.

25. A steamboat performed in one week four trips from Hartford to New York; on the first trip, she took for passengers, $378, for freight, $175; on the second trip, for passengers, $402, for freight, $278; on the third, for passengers, $263, for freight, $147; on her fourth trip, for passengers and freight, $500. What did her bills amount to for the week? Ans. $2143.

26. A carpenter contracted for the building of five dwellings in one spring; for the first he was to receive $1800; for the second, $2100; for the third, $2221; for the fourth, $2850; and for the fifth, $3172. To what did his contracts amount? Ans. $12143.

27. In 1834, A traveled 1320 miles; in 1835, he traveled 1162 miles; in 1836, 2100 miles; in 1837, 1400 miles; in 1838, 1992 miles. How many miles did he travel from 1834

28. Bought of my neighbor four loads of hay; the first weighed 1600 lbs.; the second, 2100 lbs. ; the third, 1999 lbs. ; and the fourth, 1709 lbs. What was the whole weight?

7408 pounds.

Ans.

29. A wholesale dealer in grain has in one bin 242 bushels of wheat; in another he has 2356 bushels of rye; in a third, 1556 bushels of oats; in a fourth, 876 bushels of barley. How many bushels of grain has he of all kinds? Ans. 5030.

30. Suppose I am indebted to A, $2560; to B, $27; to C, $169; to D, $3470; and to E, $17. How much do I owe in all? Ans. $6243.

31. A man having three sons and two daughters, gave to each of his sons, $379; and to each of his daughters, $199. How much money did he give them all? Ans. $1535.

32. A gentleman being asked how old he was, said, he was married when he was 29 years of age; that he lived with his wife 8 years before the birth of their son, who was now 27 years of age. What was the father's age? Ans. 64 years.

33. A man bought a horse for $75; a chaise for $150; and a harness for $45; he then sold his horse for $150; his chaise for $125; and his harness for $30. What did he pay for the whole, and what did he receive for the whole. Ans. Paid $270; received $305.

34. Add together three hundred and seventy-five thousand

and sixty-five; nine hundred thousand and three; one million six hundred thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine. Ans.2875867.

35. Add also ninety-nine millions; seven hundred and fiftyfive millions six hundred and thirty-three. Ans. 854000633. 36. There are 5784 apples in one pile; 588 in another; 84 in a third; and seven hundred and seventy-nine in a fourth. How many are there in all? Ans. 7235.

QUESTIONS.-What things only can be added to or subtracted from each other? In what does Simple Addition consist? Can we add units to tens? To what must units, &c. be added? For what number do we carry in Simple Addition? Why for 10? Ans. Because numbers increase in a ten-fold ratio. 10 units equal how many 10's? What is the Rule for Addition? How do you write down the numbers? Where do you commence to add? If the sum of the figures added be less than 10, what is to be done? What if it be 10, or more than 10? What is observed respecting the last or left hand column? How may errors in Addition be detected?

SIMPLE SUBTRACTION.

This rule is directly the reverse of the preceding; while we are there taught to unite several numbers into one, we are here taught the operation by which one number is taken from another. A familiar acquaintance with the following table should be the first object of the scholar:

A

Charles had 10 marbles, and gave 5 of them to his brother; how many had he left? He then gave 3 to his sister; how many did there then remain ? A boy had 15 cents, and lost 5 of them; how many had he left? John has 13 apples; how many will he have, if he gives away 5? Peter had 19 marbles, and gave away 9 of them; how many had he left? boy purchased two toys, for the one he gave 20 cts. and for the other 12 cts; what was the difference in the cost of them? Out of 23 plumbs a boy selected 12; how many remained? A boy threw 15 pennies into the air, and caught 6 of them as they fell; how many reached the ground? Sold one cow for 19 dollars and another for 12; how much more did I receive for one than for the other? Charles has 19 marbles, and James has 11; how many has Charles more than James? Sold one