ploded or inferior forms: arena, arundo, brachium, caetera, humor, repulit, succus.

In giving the dates of authors, as of Lucilius, Quintilian, Pliny the younger, and Suetonius, the statements are altogether too positive. In the apt use, on page 330, of Apelles' reproof to the cobbler, the substitution of ultra for supra is inexcusable.

DORNER ON THE FUTURE STATE.*-Dr. Smyth's "Introduction" to Dorner on the Future State is intended "to set the German theologian's doctrine in its own proper perspective, and to indicate the general principles of Dorner's reasoning, through which we should approach this portion of his system." This he does in scholarly diction, and in a manner evincing a thorough acquaintance with Dorner's writings.

The most important principle of Dorner's reasoning, here set forth, is his principle of "faith" as a grand necessity in order to understand, and to receive the Scriptures. This, of course, may mean much or little according to the gauge made of faith's contents. "Faith" says Dorner, "through which Christian experience is gained, and which must precede scientific knowledge and demonstration, has indeed in all its forms an unmistakable resemblance, for it will be, in some way, an appropriation of what Christianity objectively is." Again, "faith wrought in the soul by the Holy Ghost, is 'the eye for that which is Christian in the Scripture."" Perhaps few Christian thinkers would hesitate to accept in the main what is here said on the nature of faith; but we fear that not a few would be startled if asked to approve of the use to which this principle of faith may be put. As on pages 126, 127, where Dr. Smyth comes properly to the editor's work, in seeing that the writer he introduces is neither misapprehended nor abused. The old Lutheran doctrine of a Divine Revelation, plus a Human Sanction in order to its reception, is well set forth, and well defended in this little book. The usefulness of the doctrine and the success of its defense, are questions of the day. And this being the case, Dr. Smyth has done well in seeing that Dorner's American readers are not left dependent upon "the crude and second hand reports of his system which may be in general circulation among us." With Dorner to speak for himself, and Dr. Smyth to see that he does himself no harm, readers of this book have sufficient care taken of them lest they mistake or misjudge its contents.

* Dorner on the Future State. With an introduction and notes by NEWMAN SMYTH. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1883.

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.

Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.

Life of Lord Lawrence. By R. Bosworth Smith, M.A., late Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, author of "Rome, Carthage," etc., etc. 2 vols. 8vo., pp. 484-567. Letters and Memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle. Prepared and published by Thomas Carlyle. Edited by James Anthony Froude. 2 vols. 8vo., pp. 445-405. Chats About Books. Poets, Novelists. By Mayo Williamson Hazeltine. 12mo., pp. 360.

The Religions of the Ancient World, including Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia, Persia, India, Phoenicia, Etruria, Greece, Rome. By George Rawlinson, M.A., Camden Professor of Ancient History, Oxford, and Canon of Canterbury, author of "The Origin of Nations," etc. 12mo., pp. 249.

The Navy in the Civil War.-1. The Blockade and The Cruisers. By James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy. 12mo., pp. 257.

G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York.

A History of English Prose Fiction. From Sir Thomas Malory to George Eliot. By Bayard Tuckerman. 12mo., pp. 331.

A History of the Negro Race in America. From 1619 to 1880. Negroes as Slaves, as Soldiers, and as Citizens. By George W. Williams, first colored member of the Ohio Legislature, and late Judge Advocate of the Grand Army of the Republic of Ohio, etc. Vol. II, pp. 611.

D. Appleton & Company, New York.

The Use of the Voice in Reading and Speaking: A Manual for Clergymen and Candidates for Holy Orders. By the Rev. Francis T. Russell, M.A., lecturer in Elocution at the General Theological Seminary, New York, and at the Berkeley Divinity School, Connecticut, etc. 12mo., pp. 348.

Lectures on the Calling of a Christian Woman, and Her Training to Fulfill It. Delivered during the season of Lent, A. D. 1883. By Morgan Dix, S.T.D., Rector of Trinity Church, New York. 12mo., pp. 175.

Robert Carter & Brothers, New York.

Towards the Sunset: Teachings after Thirty Years. By the author of "Recreations of a Country Parson." 12mo., pp. 248.

The Progress of Doctrine in the New Testament, considered in eight Lectures delivered before the University of Oxford, on The Hampton Foundation. By Thomas Dehany Bernard, M.A., of Exeter College, and Rector of Walcot. 12mo., pp. 258.

Moses and the Prophets: The Old Testament in the Jewish Church. By Prof. Robertson Smith; The Prophets and Prophecy in Grace. By Dr. A. Kwenen; The Prophets of Israel. By W. Robertson Smith, LL.D. Reviewed by William Henry Green, D.D., Professor in Princeton Theological Seminary. 12mo., pp. 369.

Fords, Howard & Hulbert, New York.

Our "Continent Library" Dust: A Novel. By Julian Hawthorne, author of "Bressant," "Garth," etc., etc. 12mo., pp. 402.

American Tract Society, New York.

Heroes and Heroines of the Christian Church. By Rev. A. Ritchie, Ph.D. 12mo., pp. 352.

Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co., New York.

Wealth-Creation. By Augustus Mongredien, author of "Free Trade and Eng. lish Commerce," etc., etc. With an introduction by Simon Sterne, author of "Constitutional History and Political Development of the United States." 12mo., pp. 302.

T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh.

Hand-Books for Bible Classes: Romans, by Rev. Principal Brown, D.D. 12mo., pp. 149. Hebrews, by Rev. Prof. A. B. Davidson, LL.D. 12mo., pp. 260.

THE

NEW ENGLANDER.

No. CLXXV.

JULY, 1883.

ARTICLE I.-THE SALVATION ARMY.

IN an eight-page tract on "The Responsibility of Christians with Respect to the Salvation Army," Mrs. Booth, wife of its commander-in-chief, says:

"First, you are responsible to look at it-to acquaint yourself with its history-what it has done-what it aims at doing." Saddled with this responsibility, let us muster random scraps of information from sundry magazine articles, newspaper clippings, and Salvation Army publications, and see what may be learned about this strange phenomenon.

Of its genesis, "General" Booth modestly says: "I can most positively state that nobody invented it, that it has been evolved out of no man's brain, produced by no man's scheming,

*

*

* it has sprung into existence in a wholly unex. pected way, and has already attained proportions and influence that place it utterly beyond the power of any one man to design or control its future."

If this means that the "Army" is in a large degree the

creature of circumstances, we can only say that, in the universal belief of the public, the most potent of these formative circumstances is the individual genius of its founder.

The "General," William Booth, is said to be a fine looking man about fifty-four years of age, of keen dark eye, aquiline nose, iron grey beard and a "singularly good-tempered and happy face." Though born of church parents, at fourteen he joined the Wesleyans, among whom at seventeen he became a lay preacher. At twenty-four he entered the ministry of the Methodist New Connection. Resigning this ministry and practicing two or three years at evangelistic work, for which he had great partiality and fitness, he went eighteen years ago, at the age of thirty-six, to London, to see what he could do for the vast unevangelized masses of its artizan population.

To this work he brought with moderate gifts of oratory, organizing and executive abilities of the rarest kind, an allconquering perseverance, and a wife gifted with real eloquence and an immense store of good sense, of whom Frances Power Cobbe has said: "After listening to her many times for hours together, I have found myself bringing away more fresh and sound ideas, and less 'padding,' than from any series of discourses it has been my fate to hear for many a day."

Thus equipped, and impressed with the profound conviction that he had been "sent into the world to do the Lord's gutterwork," he began Bible in hand upon one of the great East End thoroughfares, to compel the unsaved and ignorant multitudes to hear God's truth. He soon had a little band of witnesses to stand with him among the jeering crowds of Mile End Road. His first meeting house was an old ragged tent which soon blew down. Then he preached in a dancing room without seats. And so for twelve years the work steadily grew, until in 1877 there were twenty-six bands or "corps" of exhorters, whose efforts were directed by thirty-five officers. From that date the work has developed with an energy quite astonishing, so that we have at last reports four hundred and ninety-one corps and twelve hundred and seventy-four "officers,' with probably more than twenty thousand trained "soldiers" ready to speak and pray when wanted.

The British Islands have not been large enough for the rest

less energy and boundless faith of the "Salvationists," and expeditionary forces have been flung into France, Switzerland, Sweden, America, Cape Colony, and even into distant India, while Germany and Japan, Australia and New Zealand, if not already occupied, are soon to be invaded.

It should be said, however, that the " Army" seems nowhere to have, or to be likely to have the success it has won upon its native soil. Its methods have been matured under special conditions existing in Great Britain, and are not equally fitted for the materially different conditions of Gospel warfare in other lands. But the Salvationists regard their methods, if not inspired, as signally stamped with the divine approval, and they show no disposition to modify them.

The magnitude of the operations of the "Salvation Army" may be gauged by such facts as the following.

At its "May Meeting" held in April, the income for the year was reported at the astonishing figure of £121,000 (say $600,000), and the trifle of £10,000 was easily collected on the day of the meeting, some of the donors giving at the rate of £1,000 each. It was further reported that the "Army" was paying £21,000 for rent of halls and other buildings, and that it held property of the aggregate value of £150,800, subject, however, to mortgages in the amount of £54,000. It has paid as high as $5,000 for the yearly rent of a single hall. It has purchased costly buildings, paying $75,000 for an orphan asylum at Clapton to be used as a training school for cadets, and $115,000 for Congress Hall, London. At a Triennial War Congress held in this hall last year it was proposed to raise the $35,000 debt resting on the property. Gold, silver, and pledges were showered upon the platform amid volleys of cheers, hallelujahs, blare of trumpets, and beating of drums until $15,000 was counted up. "Now," said "General" Booth, "the collection will be taken," and with boundless enthusiasm $6,000 more was gathered in.

The literature of the army gives another hint of the greatness of its work. Song books, a score of pamphlet sermons by Mrs. Booth, pamphlet sketches of "George Fox and His Salvation Army," "The Presbyterian Salvationist, or the Life of C. G. Finney," "Salvation in the Convent under Madame Guyon,"