residing with the court at Hilo, assembled at the house of Keoua for the purpose of wailing over the corpse. Kalaniopuu attempted to bring away the young Kamehameha, but was opposed and frustrated in his design by the other chiefs present, and a fight ensued, from which Kalaniopuu escaped on board of his war-canoe. The revolt of Kalaniopuu was no longer doubtful. Forces were gathered on both sides, and a civil war commenced. Several battles were fought-at Paieie near Puaaloa, at Kualoa, at Mokaulele, and at Mahinaakaka, at which latter place Kalaniopuu narrowly escaped being taken prisoner. After that Kalaniopuu retreated to Kau, where he was born, declared himself independent of Alapainui and sovereign (Moi) of the Puna and Kau districts as the heir of Kalaninuiamamao, to whom they appear to have been allotted by his grandfather Keawe. For reasons that have not come down to our day, Alapainui made no further attempts to subdue his contumaceous kinsman and vassal, but remained for upwards of a year at Hilo, apparently unconcerned at the defection of one-third of his kingdom. He then removed to Waipio in Hamakua, the cherished residence of Liloa and the ancient Hawaii Mois. Having remained here for some time, he proceeded to Waimea and Kawaihae in Kohala. At this latter place he sickened, and died at Kikiakoi some time in the year 1754, having previously bequeathed his power and dignity as Moi of Hawaii to his son Keaweopala. Alapainui, according to the custom among great chiefs, had several wives, the principal one among whom, however, was Keaka, the mother of Keaweopala. Another wife was Kamakaimoku, previously referred to. She was the mother of a daughter, Manona, who became the grandmother of Kekuaokalani, the cousin of Liholiho Kamehameha II., and the defender of the ancient religion when the tabus were abolished. Another wife was Kamaua, with whom Alapai had two children, Kauwaa,1 a daughter, and Mahiua, a son. In the allotment of lands among the chiefs and members of the deceased Moi's family-which, since the time of Keawenui-a-umi, appears to have become a custom on the death of a Moi-Keeaumoku, surnamed Papaiaaheahe, a son of Keawepoepoe, who was a uterine brother of Alapainui, became dissatisfied with his allotment and retired to Kekaha, where he commenced open rebellion against Keaweopala. The latter promptly sent an armed Keawcopala. forced against him and drove him off from the land, and obliged him to seek refuge at sea on board of his canoes. In this extremity Keeaumoku fled to Kalaniopuu for succour and shelter. On learning the death of Alapainui and the disposition made of the government, Kalaniopuu had collected his forces and started from Kau to contest the sovereignty of Hawaii with Keaweopala. Arrived at Honomalino in South Kona, he there met the vanquished Keeaumoku, and, joining their forces and fleets, proceeded to the northward. Keaweopala, advised of the movements and designs of Kalaniopuu, hastened from Waimea, and, crossing the "Aamoku" and passing by the “Ahua-aUmi," he descended in Kona and met Kalaniopuu between Keei and Honaunau. The battle that ensued is said to have continued for several days, owing partly to the ruggedness of the ground and the obstinate valour of the combatants, and the issue was for a long time uncertain. Finally Kalaniopuu won the day; Keaweopala was slain, and his adherents acknowledged the new Moi of Hawaii. It is related that when the battle was at the hottest and 1 Kauwaa married Nahili, and had two daughters: Alapai, who was married to the late John Young Keoniana, son of John Young and Kaoanacha, and Premier during the reign of Kamehameha III., and uncle VOL. II. to the present Queen Dowager Emma K Kalaniopuu. the issue most doubtful, Holoae,1 the Kahuna or priest of Kalaniopuu, informed him that the only means of obtaining victory was to kill Kaakau, the priest of Keaweopala, whose prayers and powers prolonged the contest. Acting on the advice, Kaakau was singled out in the battle by Kalaniopuu's soldiers and slain, after which the victory soon was won. Keaweopala is known to have had two wives; one was Keoua, with whom he had a daughter, Peleuli; the other was Kaukuhakuonana,2 with whom he had two sons, Kanehiwa and Kuapuu. Kalaniopuu was now sole sovereign of Hawaii, and, at the usual redistribution of lands at his accession, apparently all were satisfied or none dared to resist. For several years afterwards he occupied himself diligently in reorganising the affairs of the state, augmenting the warlike resources of the island, building war-canoes, collecting arms, &c., and his own and the neighbouring islands enjoyed a season of rest from foreign and domestic strife and warfare. But Kalaniopuu was ambitious of fame in his island world by warlike exploits and by enlarging his domain with the acquisition of neighbouring territory. Possibly also he may have been moved by reasons of policy, such as finding occupation abroad for the young and restless chiefs with whom every district abounded. Suddenly, therefore, he concentrated his forces and war-canoes at Kohala, and, without previous rupture of peace or declaration of war, he invaded Maui, where Kamehamehanui then ruled as Moi, and made a descent in the Hana district. Little or no resistance was offered, and in a short time he 1 Holoae was of the Paao race of Kahunas and descended from him. He was the great-grandfather of the late Luahine, who was the wife of Kaoleioku, the oldest son of Kamehameha I., and grandmother of the present Hon. Mrs. C. R. Bishop. 2 Kanehiwa married Kaulunae, who was the granddaughter of Alapainui, and mother of the late Lipoa and Julia Moemalie, both of Honolulu. Kanepuu was the grandfather of the late Kamaipuupaa. possessed himself of the two valuable districts of Hana and Kipahulu, as well as the celebrated fort on Kauwiki Hill overlooking the harbour of Hana. The date of this invasion is approximately, and probably correctly, fixed at 1759. Kalaniopuu appointed Puna-the same who counselled him to revolt against Alapainui-as governor over the conquered districts; and a number of Hawaii chiefs were placed in various positions, and endowed with lands, both in Hana and Kipahulu. Satisfied with the success of his campaign, Kalaniopuu then returned to Hawaii. But Kamehamehanui, though taken by surprise by the invasion of East Maui by Kalaniopuu, was not a man to yield to such a usurpation and affront without an effort to recover the lost districts. Carefully and thoroughly he made his preparations, collecting his forces from Maui, and strengthening himself with a number of auxiliaries drawn from the neighbouring islands of Molokai and Lanai, under well-known and valiant chiefs. Conspicuous among the former were Kaohele,1 Kaolohakaa-keawe, Awili, Kumukoa, and Kapooloku; among the latter were Namakeha, Kalaimanuia, and Kealiiaa. With these forces Kamehamehanui set out for Hana and laid siege to the fort on Kauwiki. Several battles were fought with the Hawaii army under Puna, especially at Makaolehua and at Akiala, where the Maui forces were victorious, and in which the valour of Kaohelelani is greatly extolled. The fort of Kauwiki, however, withstood all attempts to take it, and, after a prolonged and unsuccessful siege, Kamehamehanui withdrew his forces, and left Hana in possession of Kalaniopuu, while Puna remained as its governor and chief; and it does not appear that Kamehamehanui again attempted to drive the 1 Kaohelelani was the brother of through his daughter Kamai, was Kawau(k) and Kaoenaia(k), chiefs the great-grandfather of the author's of Kalaupapa, Molokai. Kaoenaia, wife. 1 Hawaiians out of Hana. In the native legends this campaign is called the war of "Kapalipilo.” Suspension of hostilities, if not peace, between Maui and Hawaii obtained for several years after this abortive attempt to recapture the fort of Kauwiki. During this interval not many noteworthy events transpired, at least none are related, except the displacement of Puna as governor of Hana and commander of the important fort of Kauwiki, and the appointment of Mahihelelima in his place. This change was effected by a ruse practised upon Puna by Mahihelelima, but it was afterwards confirmed by Kalaniopuu. Another event during this interval was the revolt and escape and subsequent adventures of Keeaumoku, the son of Keawepoepoe, the same who, on the death of Alapainui, had rebelled against Keaweopala and joined Kalaniopuu. The cause of his defection from the latter is not stated. Revolt and turbulence seem to have been his natural element until age cooled his temper, and the conquest of the group by Kamehameha I. deprived conspirators of the support and aid they formerly had found in the neighbouring islands. However, it happened Keeaumoku rose in revolt against Kalaniopuu, and intrenched himself at the fort of Pohakuomaneo, between Pololu and Honokane, in North Kohala. When informed of the revolt of Keeaumoku, Kalaniopuu crossed the mountains with an adequate force, took the fort by assault, extinguished the rebellion, but missed the arch-rebel; for Keeaumoku escaped over the Pali, reached the shore, and obtaining a canoe, was safely landed on Maui, where, on account of his mother, Kumaiku-of the Maui line of chiefs-he was hospitably received by Kamehamehanui and the great chiefs of that house. After the death of Kamehamehanui, which happened about 1765, Keeaumoku took one of his widows for wife. This lady was Namahana, daughter of Kekaulike and his wife |