hukini, where he sickened and died some time in the month of January 1782.1 Of course his exact age cannot be ascertained, but he was very old, and probably upwards of eighty years old when he died.

It has been often asserted that Kalaniopuu was the son of Peleioholani, and that his mother, Kamakaimoku, was pregnant with him when Kalaninuiamamao brought her to Hawaii as his wife from Oahu, where her mother and brothers were living at Waikele, in the Ewa district; and it is said that his mother called him Ka-lei-opuu, after the ivory ornament with braids of human hair worn as a necklace by the Oahu chiefs, which name the Hawaii chiefs and nurses (Kahu) perverted to Kalaniopuu. The truth or error of this assertion was apparently an open question in Kalaniopuu's own lifetime, and will probably ever remain so.

During the last years of Kalaniopuu's life, Kahekili, the Maui king, invaded the Hana district of Maui, which since 1759 had been an appanage of the Hawaii kingdom. Successful this time, Kahekili reduced the celebrated fort on the hill of Kauwiki and reannexed the Hana district to the Maui dominion. The particulars will be given when treating of Kahekili's reign among the Maui sovereigns.

Kalaniopuu had at different times of his life six wives;

their names were

(1.) Kalola, the great tabu chiefess of Maui, daughter of Kekaulike and his wife Kekuiapoiwanui. With her he had but one child, Kiwalao, who succeeded him as king of Hawaii.

(2.) Kalaiwahineuli, the daughter of Heulu and his wife Kahikiokalani, and thus a cousin on his mother's side. With her he had a son, Kalaipaihala, great-grandfather of the present queen-dowager, Emma Kaleleonalani.

(3.) Kamakolunuiokalani, with whose pedigree I am not acquainted. With her he had a daughter, Pualinui, who became the mother of the late Luluhiwalani of Lahaina.

1 Jarves in his history says that Kalaniopuu died in April 1782. I know not Jarves' authority.

(4.) Mulehu, of a Kau chief family. With her he had a daughter, Manoua or Manowa, who became the grandmother of the late Asa Kaeo, and great-grandmother of the present Peter Kaeo Kekuaokalani. With another husband, named Kalaniwahikapaa,1 Mulehu became the grandmother of the late A. Paki, and great-grandmother of the present Mrs. Pauahi Bishop.

(5.) Kanekapolei is claimed by some to have been the daughter of Kauakahiakua, of the Maui royal family, and his wife Umiaemoku; by others she is said to have been of the Kau race of chiefs. With her he had two sons, Keoua Kuahuula and Keoua Peeale. The former contested the supremacy of Hawaii with Kamehameha after the death of Kiwalao; the latter made no name for himself in history.

(6.) Kekuohi or Kekupuohi, with whose pedigree I am not acquainted, and who had no children with Kalaniopuu.

MAUI.

After Piilani's death (p. 87), his oldest son, Lono-a-Pii, Lono-a-Pii. followed him as the Moi of Maui. His character has been severely handled by succeeding generations and the legends they handed down. He is represented as unamiable, surly, avaricious—-unpardonable faults in a Hawaiian chieftain. His niggardliness and abuse of his younger brother, Kiha-aPiilani, drove the latter into exile and brought about his own downfall and death, as already narrated on page 98.

Lono-a-Pii's wives were-Kealana-a-waauli, a great granddaughter of Kahakuokane, the sovereign of Kauai, and grandson of Manokalanipo. With her he had a daughter called Kaakaupea, who became the wife of her uncle Nihokela, and mother of Piilaniwahine, the wife of Kamalalawalu. Lonoapii had another daughter named Moihala, from whom descended Kapuleiolaa, one of the

1 Son of Kumukoa-a-Keawe and Kaulahoa (w).

Kihapiilani.

wives of Kanaloauoo and ancestress of Sarai Hiwauli, wife of the late Hon. John Ii.

There is a legend, or rather a version, of the war which Umi-a-Liloa undertook against Lono-a-Pii on behalf of his brother Kihapiilani, which states that when Umi arrived with his fleet at Hana, he was informed that Lono-a-Pii had died, and that a son of his named Kalanikupua reigned in his stead, and had charge of the fort of Kauwiki at Hana; that Umi was disposed to spare the young man and allow him to remain on the throne of his father, but Piikea, Umi's wife, strongly opposed such clemency, and persuaded her husband to prosecute the war and place Kihapiilani as Moi of Maui. I know not the source of this version, but finding it among the legends of this period, and it being the only one which mentions a son of Lono-a-Pii, I refer to it under reserve.

Kihapiilani, who thus forcibly succeeded his brother as Moi of Maui, had been brought up by his mother's relatives at the court of Kukaniloko of Oahu, and only when arrived at man's estate returned to his father on Maui. Having, as before related, through the assistance of his brother-inlaw Umi obtained the sovereignty, he devoted himself to the improvement of his island. He kept peace and order in the country, encouraged agriculture, and improved and caused to be paved the difficult and often dangerous roads. over the Palis of Kaupo, Hana, and Koolau—a stupendous work for those times, the remains of which may still be seen in many places, and are pointed out as the "Kipapa” of Kihapiilani. His reign was eminently peaceful and prosperous, and his name has been reverently and affectionately handed down to posterity.

Kihapiilani had two wives-(1.) Kumaka, who was of the Hana chief families, and a sister of Kahuakole, a chief at Kawaipapa, in Hana. With her he had a son named Kamalalawalu, who succeeded him as Moi of Maui. (2.) Koleamoku, who was daughter of Hoolae, the Hana chief at Kauwiki, referred to on page 99. With her he had a

son called Kauhiokalani, from whom the Kaupo chief families of Koo and Kaiuli descended.

walu.

Kamalalawalu followed his father as Moi of Maui. He Kamalalaenjoyed a long and prosperous reign until its close, when his sun set in blood and disaster, as already narrated on page 123, &c. His reputation stood deservedly high among his contemporaries and with posterity for good management of his resources, just government of his people, and a liberal and magnificent court according to the ideas of those times, and in recognition of all which his name was associated with that of his island, and Maui has ever since been known in song and saga as Maui-aKama. His sumptuous entertainments of the two Hawaii kings, Keawenui-a-Umi and his son Lonoikamakahiki, are dilated upon in the legends; and Maui probably never stood higher, politically, among the sister kingdoms of the group than during the life of Kamalalawalu.

There are no wars mentioned in the legends as having been undertaken by Kamalalawalu except the one against Lonoikamakahiki of Hawaii, in which Kamalalawalu lost his life, and in which the old king's obstinacy was the cause of the disaster that befell his army and himself. But from certain allusions in the legends the inference may with great probability be drawn that the chiefs of Lanai became subject or tributary to Maui during this reign; but whether through war or negotiation is not apparent.

Kamalalawalu had only one recognised wife, Piilaniwahine. She was the daughter of his cousin Kaakaupea, who was the daughter of Lono-a-Pii, and who in the family chants was also known by the name of Kamaikawekiuloloa. With this wife he had six children, four boys and two girls, named respectively Kauhi-a-kama, Umikalakaua, Kalakauaehu-a-kama, Pai-kalakaua, Piilanikapo, and Kaunoho. The first succeeded him as Moi of Maui; the third, through his children Kawaumahana, Kihamahana, and Moihala, became widely connected with the aristocracy of

Kauhi-a

kama.

the other islands, and progenitor of several still living families. Of the other four children of Kamalalawalu little is known.

Kauhi-a-kama followed his father on the throne of Maui. It is related of him that when Kamalalawalu was meditating and preparing for the invasion and war on Hawaii, he sent Kauhi on a secret mission to explore and report upon the condition, resources, and populousness of the Kohala and Kona districts; and that Kauhi performed his mission so carelessly or ignorantly, that, on his return to Maui, he led the old king to believe that those districts were but thinly peopled and totally unprepared to resist an invasion; and that this incorrect report from his own son confirmed Kamalalawalu in his project of invasion. It is further related that after the disastrous battle at Hokuula, where Kamalalawalu and the best part of his army perished, Kauhi escaped to Kawaihae, where he hid himself among the rocks for two days until discovered by Hinau, who assisted him and procured a canoe, in which they crossed over to Maui.

Returned to his own island, Kauhi assumed the government left vacant by the death of his father, and gratefully remembered the services of Hinau by heaping wealth and distinction upon him, until, in an evil hour, Hinau was enticed to return to Hawaii on a visit, was caught by the orders of Lonoikamakahiki, slain, and sacrificed at the Heiau.

Of the subsequent career of Kauhi not much is said in the legends. It appears, however, that at the close of his reign he headed an expedition to Oahu; that having landed at Waikiki, he was met by the Oahu chiefs, and was defeated and slain, his body exposed at the Heiau of Apuakehau, and that great indignities were committed with his bones. And it is further said that the memory of this great outrage instigated his descendant, Kahekili, to the fearful massacre of the Oahu chiefs, when, after the battle at Niuhelewai, he had defeated the Oahu king, Kahahana, and conquered the island.