fore required, and the tenants can also well afford to pay a larger rent for their larger cottage.

Cottages of this form are also more frequently required to be built in rows. These two plans, therefore, and still more so the two following plans, Nos. 15 and 16, Plate VI. are especially adapted for this purpose, although (for sanitary reasons, which will hereafter be given) I believe that it is quite a mistake to build any cottages thus, or in any other way than singly or in pairs, and with good-sized gardens attached to them; and that building them in streets necessarily entails evils, which far more than counterbalance any convenience which can arise from so building them; and also necessarily in the end incurs additional expense, far greater than the difference which is saved in the first instance by building in rows instead of in pairs.

The plans Nos. 15 and 16 have the parlour behind, and are only adapted for building in rows, where frontage is valuable. There is, however, not so much objection to this position of the parlour in cottages in streets. The plans adapted

for pairs of cottages always suppose that they have somewhat of a southerly aspect, although this, no doubt, may sometimes not be possible. But in streets in a town it of course can only be the case with one side of the street, and may not be so with either if the street runs due north and south. As far as aspect goes there is, therefore, less objection to having the parlour at the back of the house in cottages in rows than in single ones.

§ 4. Plans of Pairs of Cottages in which the Rooms are arranged differently in the two Cottages.

I believe that there are several ways in which a very good pair of cottages can be built, with a living-room and scullery on the ground-floor in each, and with three bedrooms in one and two in the other upstairs. In agricultural districts especially there are many labourers whose families are such that they do not require three bedrooms. The children go out early to service, and after a

time they will only occupy one, or, at most, two bedrooms. In the plans of cottages with a livingroom and scullery, in which the flues are placed in the wall between the living-room and scullery, and in which, therefore, the bedroom is made the same size as the living-room, the third bedroom will be so small as to be little better than a large closet, unless the cottage be made altogether larger than is necessary; but a pair of such cottages may be attached so that one of them may have a very good bedroom over the pantries of the two cottages. The plans Nos. 17 and 18, Plate VII. are constructed thus. Where part of one cottage has to be over part of another one, it is better that it should be over the pantry than over part of the scullery or living-room of the other cottage.

If the plan No. 17 be compared with plans No. 3 and No. 5, the several ways in which a plan of a cottage of this kind may be varied will be readily seen. The arrangement of No. 17 is, in fact, the usual manner of arranging a cottage

of this form, in which the staircase is placed opposite the door. Plans 4 and 5 are an unusual arrangement of this plan, in which the scullery and pantry are transposed, and by which the plan is very much improved when three bedrooms are required in each cottage; whereas this, the more ordinary arrangement, seems to me better adapted for the pair of cottages with three bedrooms in one and two in the other, as in this plan, No. 17. It may also be noticed here how the making a passage of the scullery makes the arrangement of some of the plans more easy. This is the case with No. 17; for if the passage were added to the scullery, and the back door were at the further end of the scullery, headroom under the stairs would not be required. The staircase might then begin at the third or fourth step of the staircase, as drawn in No. 17, and the pantry door might then be towards the middle of the pantry, instead of quite at one end, as it is in No. 17, which is more convenient when the pantry is so narrow, as in this plan. I have

only given two plans of cottages with three bedrooms in one and two in the other, because I have not yet seen any others which are satisfactory; but this is not because this is the only way of so arranging a pair of cottages of this kind, but because no sufficient attention has hitherto been paid to it. I am certain that there are other ways of making a very good pair of cottages of this kind; one or two such have occurred to me, but I have not yet made them out sufficiently to publish them; but I hope enough has been said to induce others to turn their attention to this arrangement of a pair of cottages, for I am convinced that it is one which will be found useful, and I am equally sure that it is only by the combined efforts of many persons, that even one plan of so simple a thing as a cottage can be made anything like perfect.

I would suggest to any one who wishes to try his hand at arranging a pair of cottages in this manner, that, besides the first five plans, plans somewhat similar to No. 6 and No. 8 may be

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