5. The Treaty of Lubec 1629. Who were parties to it? What were its terms?

6. "When Charles XII. came to the throne of Sweden he found a triple alliance had been formed against him." Give an account. 7. Give a brief account of the Seven Years' War and show its effects upon Austria. Prussia. France. England.

8. Give an account of the reign of Emperor Joseph II.

9. Write short account of French Revolution, with dates of most important events.

10. Schleswig and Holstein ceded te Austria and Prussia (1864.) Give history of dispute which led to this.

11. War between Austria and Prussia 1866. What caused it and what were its results.

12. Crimean War. Its effects upon Europe.

13. The Egyptian Question from 1874.

Write notes.

14. 1871. Proclamation of the German Empire. How was it brought about?

POLITICAL ECONOMY.

Examiner..

.. PRESIDENT FORREST.

TIME THREE HOURS.

1. Classify as productive or unproductive the following labourers : Soldiers, Confectioners, Musicians, Artists, Lawyers, Teachers, Merchants, Bankers.

2. A owns Dominion debeutures; B, Provivcial debentures; C, City debentures; D, mortgages on land: F, bank deposits receipts. In summing up the wealth of the country would you count these? Give reasons.

3. When and how does a national loan add to the capital of a country?

4. Is it possible for a man to increase his own wealth without benefiting others? To what extent?

5. If the government passed a law forbidding men to accumulate more wealth than was required for comfortable subsistence, what effect would it have upon the working classes?

6. What is unearned increment? What proportion do you think it bears to the value caused by productive labour? Is it possible accurately to distinguish betweon the two?

7. In 1850 A purchased a farm for $5000; B, a city lot for $1000; C, an oil painting for $100; D, a collection of postage stamps for $50. At the present time they have increased in value tenfold. Could the government justly appropriate the increased value of the one and not of the others? Give your reason.

8. If every class of labourers received double wages would their condition be necessarily improved?

9. Discuss the doctrine of the Balance of Trade.

10.

Mill says: "One of the commonest fallacies is, that paper currency cannot be issued in excess so long as every note issued

represents property or has a foundation of 'actual propery to rest on." Give his arguments.

11.

How is the evil of low wages to be remedied? Give some of the proposed plans.

12. Write a short article for or against Protection.

13. Can a protective tariff be effective if it does not raise the price of the article protected?

14. How far does Mill justify a protective tariff?

Examiner

ETHICS.

PROFESSOR SETH.

APRIL 11TH.-10 A. M. TO 1 P.M.

1. Compare the ancient and modern conceptions of the problem of Ethics, and of its relation to Politics.

2. In what senses has it been held that Morality is (a) 'original', (b) 'derivative'? Indicate your own view.

3. Sketch the history of Modern Hedonism up to Mill, emphasizing its chief stages.

4. State Mill's theory of Obligation, indicate its development by later writers, and estimate its adequacy.

5. State and critically compare the accounts of Desire offered by Butler, Mill, and Green, respectively.

6. State and estimate Darwin's ethical theory, and indicate Spencer's main divergences from it.

7. Give the three forms of Kant's Categorical Imperative, and show their relation to one another.

8. Explain Aristotle's doctrine that Virtue is (a) a Habit, (b) a Mean.

9. Trace the treatment of Pleasure in Greek Ethics.

(Additional for First Class.)

3 TO 6 P. M.

10. Give Plato's account of the human 'constitution,' and compare it with Butler's.

11. Trace the various elements in Aristotle's conception of Happiness, and exhibit their relation to one another.

12. Compare the views of Plato and Aristotle as to the Contemplative life.

13. In what sense does Butler hold that man is a law unto himself? Compare his position with that of Kant or Green.

14. Examine Mill's account of the distinction of Quality in Pleasure. Is it original? If not, trace its source.

15. Give a summary statement and critical estimate of (a) Kant's or (b) Green's ethical theory.

Examiner..

METAPHYSICS.

PROFESSOR SETH.

APRIL 14TH.-10 A. M. TO 1 P. M.

1. Explain and illustrate the use of the following terms: Ontology, Epistemology, Monadology, Dogmatism, Scepticism, Criticism.

2. Trace the Dualism of Cartesian speculation, and the various attempts to account for reality without abandoning it.

3. Give Locke's view of Material Substance, and of the distinction between the Primary and Secondary Qualities. How does Berkeley criticise the latter distinction, and with what justice?

4. In what sense does Berkeley (a) deny, (b) maintain the existence of Matter?

5. State and estimate Berkeley's view of the Permanance of the External World. Compare the views of Hume and Kant on this

question.

6. Give Berkeley's account of Space, and compare his view with those of Hume and Kant.

7. Compare critically the accounts of Causality offered by Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant, respectively.

8. In what sense may Hume be said to have "stated the problem of Metaphysics," and how does Kant generalize Hume's question? Indicate the general tenor of the Kantian answer.

9. "A consistent Sensationalism must be speechless.' Explain this statement, and illustrate its truth from the history of modern philosophy.

(Additional for First Class.)

3 TO 5 P. M.

1. Distinguish Descartes' three proofs of the Divine existence, and estimate their value.

2. Describe Locke's aim and method in the Essay, and indicate the relation of the various parts to its central purpose.

3. Give Locke's view of (a) the nature, (b) the origin, (c) the certainty, (d) the reality, (e) the degrees, and (f) the extent of human knowledge.

4. State Locke's distinction between the "Nominal" and the "Real "" Essence. Why, on his view, can then be "no science of bodies?" Compare Berkeley's view on this subject.

5. Summarize the evidence for the existence of two divergent lines of thought (a) in Locke, (b) in Berkeley.

6. Give a critical estimate of Berkeley's Idealism.

1. Give Sir William Hamilton's classification of the Mental Phenomena, with criticisms.

2. What do you understand by the Laws of Mind? Show how the two generic laws are present in, and characterize the other laws.

3.

Give illustrations of the Active or Practical Processes, defining them at the same time.

4.

What are the Laws of Association, and to what single law may they be reduced? Give examples.

5. What views may be taken of Imagination? What is the distinctive character of Poetic Imagination?

FRIDAY, 27TH JANUARY, 1888.

THREE O'CLOCK.-TWO HOURS.

1. How have the Emotions been classified? phic principle of classification may be adopted?

What more philoso

2. Under what class may the Aesthetic Emotion come? What is the highest Emotion under the same class?

3. Give the different theories of Beauty, vindicating and illustrating Alison's theory by Burke's sensible qualities of the Beautiful and Sublime, respectively.

4.

Give some account of the Social Emotion. State the modern theory on the subject of the Social Emotions.

5. Give the contrasted Emotions, with the ground of contrast.

Examiner.

LOGIC.

PROFESSOR SETH.

1.

APRIL 13TH.-10 A. M. TO 1 P. M.

How is Logic related to Psychology in respect of (a) its province, (b) its point of view?

2. State the various views which have been held as to the nature of the Concept. Which seems to you the most adequate, and on what grounds?

3. (a) If the proposition I is false, what follows as to A, E and O?

(b) Convert the following propositions:

(1) All are not happy that seem so.

(2) Murder will out.

(3) 'Tis only noble to be good.

4. State the following argument in syllogistic form; give its Mood and Figure; and, if not in First Figure, reduce :

Epicureans are not true philosophers, for they do not hold that virtue is the chief good, and all true philosophers hold that it is.

5. Construct a concrete Syllogism capable of being expressed in each of the Four Figures, and state it in each.

6. State and prove the special rules of the First Figure.

7. Define and illustrate the following: Infima Species; Epicheirema; Illicit Process; Ignoratio Elenchi.

8. Construct a Regressive Sorites, and resolve it into its component Syllogisms.

9. Test the following inferences. If correct, state syllogistically, giving Mood and Figure; if fallacious, name the Fallacy:

(a). The study of Logic is of no value, for all can reason without its aid.

(b). Light cannot consist of material particles, for it does not possess momentum.

(c). He must he a learned man, for all learned men are hard students.

(d). Why should I exert myself? For it is fated either that I shall succeed or that I shall not, and in either case exertion on my part is needless.

(e) Aristotle must have been a very industrious man; for he could not otherwise have produced so many works.

(f). No form of democracy is subject to violent revolutions, for it never excludes the mass of the people from political power. (g). Dissent always weakens religion in the people, for it sets itself in opposition to the National Church.

10.

Explain the Quantification of the Predicate, and the grounds on which it is advocated. With what theory of judgment is it connected, and what are its main effects on logical doctrine?

Examiner

.......

MATHEMATICS.

.....C. MACDONALD, M. A.

1.

GEOMETRY.-FIRST YEAR.

APRIL 19.-10 A. M. TO 1 P. M.

Shew that the fifth and sixth propositions of Euclid Book II and the ninth and tenth of the same book are only cases of one proposition: and give an enunciation that shall in each case comprehend both.

2. Enunciate and prove any one of these four propositions, and prove it by the division of the straight line.

3. If a straight line be drawn from the vertex of an isosceles triangle to meet the base, the difference between the squares of this line and one of the equal sides is equal to the rectangle of the segments of the base. Prove for one figure.

4. The angle at the centre of a circle is double of the angle at the circumference, standing on the same arc. Prove when the centre is outside the angle at the circumference,