1=20=2,000=32,000=14,000,000 The avoirdupois pound contains 7,000 gr. The U. S. struck bushel contains 2,150.42 cu. in. 1.2444 cu. ft. By law, its dimensions are those of a cylinder 18 in. in diameter and 8 in. deep. The heaped bushel is equal to 1 struck bu., the cone being 6 in. high. For approximations, the bushel may be taken at 1 cu. ft.; or 1 cu. ft. may be considered bu. The British bushel contains 2,218.19 cu. in. = 1.2837 cu. ft. 1.032 U. S. bu. The dry gallon contains 268.8 cu, in., being struck bu. 2 barrels, or 63 gallons..... hhd. bbl. gal. qt. pt. gi. 1=2=63=2525042,016 hhd. The U. S. gallon contains 231 cu. in. =.134 cu. ft., nearly; or 1 cu. ft. contains 7.481 gal. The following cylinders contain the given measures very closely: When water is at its maximum density, 1 cu. ft. weighs 62.425 lb. and 1 gal. weighs 8.345 lb. For approximations, 1 cu. ft. of water is considered equal to 7 gal., and 1 gal. as weighing 83 lb. The British imperial gallon, both liquid and dry, contains 277.463 cu. in.=.16046 cu. ft., and is equivalent to the volume of 10 lb. of pure water at 62° F. To reduce British to U. S. liquid gallons, multiply by 1.2. Conversely, to convert U. S. into British liquid gallons, divide by 1.2; or, decrease the number of gallons one-sixth. THE METRIC SYSTEM The metric system is based on the meter, which, according to the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Report of 1884, is equal to 39.370432 in. The value commonly used is 39.37 in., and is authorized by the U. S. government. The meter is defined as one ten-millionth of the distance from the pole to the equator, measured on a meridian passing near Paris. There are three principal units-the meter, the liter (pronounced lee-ter), and the gram, the units of length, capacity, and weight, respectively. Multiples of these units are obtained by prefixing to the names of the principal units the Greek words deca (10), hecto (100), and kilo (1,000); the submultiples, or divisions, are obtained by prefixing the Latin words deci (†), centi (), and milli (b). These prefixes form the key to the entire system. In the following tables, the abbreviations of the principal units of these submultiples begin with a small letter, and those of the multiples begin with a capital letter; they should always be written as here printed. (cu. mm.)...... 1,000 cubic centimeters.. = 1 cubic decimeter 1,000 cubic decimeters = 1 cubic meter.... = 1 cubic centimeter...c. c. or cu. cm. ...cu. dm. ...cu. m. The liter is equal to the volume occupied by 1 cu. dm. MEASURES OF WEIGHT The gram is the weight of 1 c. c. of pure aistilled water at a temperature of 39.2° F.; the kilogram is the weight of 1 1. of water; the ton is the weight of 1 cu. m. of water. CONVERSION TABLES By means of the accompanying tables metric measures can be converted into English, and vice versa, by simple addition. All the figures of the values given are not required, except in very exact calculations; as a rule, 4 or 5 digits only are used. 1,828.8 121.92 21.336 .3048 .2438 To change 6,471.8 ft. into meters, consider 6,471.8 as 6,000+400+70+1+.8; also, 6,000 = 1,000×6; 400=100×4; etc. Hence, looking in the first column of the table entitled English Measures Into Metric, for 6, opposite it in the column headed Feet to Meters is found the number 1.8287838. Using but five digits and increasing the fifth digit by 1 (as the next is greater than 5), gives 1.8288. In other words, 6 ft. =1.8288 m.; hence, 6,000 ft. = 1,000X1.8288=1,828.8, simply moving the decimal point three places to the right. Likewise, it is found that 400 ft. = 121.92 m.; 70 ft.-21.336 m.; 1 ft.=.3048 m.; and .8 ft. = .2438 m. Adding as shown gives 1,972.6046 m. as the value of 6,471.8 ft. 1,972.6046 1234567800 703.08241 1,406.16482 2,109.24723 2,812.32964 3,515.41205 4,218.49446 4,921.57687 5,624.65928 .000645150 .092901394 .028316094 6,327.74169 |