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Mean refractions, Table of, 153 solar day, 141 solar time, 141

Measures, Tables of weights and, 1 to 8

Mechanics, 256
Mensuration, 9

Meridian, Celestial, 140 Determination of, 144, 147, 150

Magnetic, 35
Principal, 54
Reference, 54
Metric conversion tables, 6
system, 5

Middle ordinate, 167

ordinates for curving rails, Formula for, 238 ordinates for curving rails, Table of, 239 Modulus of elasticity, 275 of rupture, 294

of rupture of building stone, Table of, 304

Moment, Definition of bending, 289

of forces, 260

of inertia, 265

of resistance, 269, 293 Moments of beams, Formulas for bending, 291

of inertia, Table of, 266 Mortar, Lime, 309 Natural-cement, 310 Portland-cement, 309 Strength of, 310

Table of materials required per cubic yard of, 309 Mountain time, 143

N

Natural cement, 306 -cement mortar, 310 roads, 396

slope of a material, 271

Offset, Spiral, 176
Oiled roads, 397
Ordinate, Middle, 167

Ordinates for curving rails,
Table of middle, 239

[blocks in formation]

Plane-table survey, Threepoint problem in, 110 -table survey, Two-point problem in, 110

-table surveying, 94, 107 Platting angles, 119

by latitude and longitude,

57

Platting

by intersection,

Plane-table, 109

by resection, Plane-table, 109

Point of curve, 162

of frog of railroad switch,241
of spiral, 172

of switch, 241
of tangent, 162
switch, 241

switch, To lay out, 255
-switch turnouts, Table of
dimensions of, 246
switches, Turnout dimen-
sions for, 245

Polar distance of a star, 140 Polaris at elongation, Determination of meridian by, 147

at elongation, Table of azimuths of, 148 Determination of latitude by, 151

Table of time of upper culmination of, 145 Poles of celestial sphere, 139 Sounding, 123 Polygons, 11

Portland cement, 306

-cement mortar, 309 Power, Definition of, 258 required for pumping, 381 Pozzuolana cement, 307 Practical astronomy, 138 Precision in chain surveying, 33

in city surveying, 135 Pressure, Atmospheric, 346 head, 351

of liquids on surfaces, 345 Prime vertical circle, 140 Prism, 17

Frustum of, 18 Prismoid, 16

Prismoidal correction, 199 Profile, 87

Grade, 194

Protractor, Three-arm, 127 Pumping, Power required for, 381

water, Cost of, 381 Pyramid, Frustum of regular, 17 Regular, 17

R

Radii and deflections, Table of, 160

Radius and deflection angle, Relation between, 159 of gyration, 268

Railroad location, 222, 224 location, Curvature in, 226 location, Final grade lines in, 227

location, Preliminary esti-
mate for, 223

location, Preliminary sur-
vey for, 223
location,
for, 222

Reconnaissance

location, Vertical curves in, 230

spikes per mile of track, Table of, 237

switch, Frogs of a, 241 switch, Guard-rails of a, 242 switch, Heels and toes of, 240

switch, Throw of a, 240 Rails for trackwork, 234 pairs of angle bars, and

bolts per mile of track, Table of number of, 236 required per mile of track,

Table of weight of, 236 Rules for curving, 238 Table of middle ordinates for curving, 239 Table of spaces between ends of, 238 Table of weights dimensions of standard, 235

and

Rankine's formula, Constants for, 298

Rate of deformation, 275 of grade line, 88 Reactions of a beam, 287 Reconnaissance for railroad location, 222 Rectangle, 11 Refraction, 88

Refractions, Table of mean, 153

Reinforced concrete, 319 -concrete beams, Bond between steel and concrete in, 329

-concrete beams, Double,
330
-concrete beams, Formulas
for T-shaped, 331

-concrete beams, Tables of
properties of, 323
-concrete columns, Formu-
las for, 332

concrete, Definitions and terms used in, 320 concrete, Economic steel ratio in, 320

concrete, Formulas for rectangular beams of, 322 concrete, Straight-line theory of, 319

concrete, Stress ratio in, 320

concrete, Tables for special
constants in, 326

Repose, Angle of, 271
Slope of, 271

Reservoir, Volume of, 130
Resistance, Moment of, 293
Resolution of forces, Com-
position and, 259

Retaining wall, Pressure on base of a, 339

wall, Stability against sli-
ding of a, 340

wall supporting superim-
posed loads, 342
wall, Surcharged, 341
wall with battered back,
341

walls, Empirical rules for,
342

walls, Stability of, 338 Right ascension of a star, 139

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Sewerage system, Capacity required for separate, 384 system, Capacity required for storm-water, 383 system, Combined, 382 Sewers, Brick, 391 Concrete, 391

Cross-section of egg-shaped, 389

Table of velocity and discharge for circular pipe, 386

Table of velocity and discharge of egg-shaped, 388 Sextant, 127

Shear, Definition of external, 288

of beams, Formulas for maximum, 291

of rivets, 281

Shearing and bearing values of rivets, Table of, 282 stress, 275

Shrinkage of earthwork, 216
Sidereal time, 141
Side-hill work, 213

-hill work, Eccentricity in, 216 Sidewalks, Lateral slopes of, 411

Simple beam, 287 stress, 275

stress, Formula for, 280 Simpson's rule for finding area, 13

Siphon, The, 376

Slag cement, 307

Slope of repose, 271

ratio in cuts and fills, 192

-stake equation, 197

-stake fractions, 198
stakes, 196

Solar observation, Determi-
nation of latitude by, 151
observation, Determination
of meridian by, 150
time, Mean, 141

Solids,Center of gravity of,265 Sounding poles, 123 Soundings, 123

South pole of celestial sphere, 139

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

sewerage sys

Straight-line formula, Con

stants for, 299

-line theory of reinforced concrete, 319

Strain, Definition of, 275 Streams, Discharge of large, 357

Streets, City, 409

Strength of cylindrical shells, 281

of materials, 275

of ropes and chains, 302 Strengths of stone, 303 Stress, Definition of, 275 Formula for simple, 280 ratio in reinforced-concrete, 320

Temperature, 286
Working, 280

Stresses, Combined, 301
Struck bushel, U. S., 3
Stub switch, 241

switch, To lay out, 252 -switch turnouts, Table of dimensions of, 244 switches, Lead of a turnout for, 243 Subchord, 159 Subfoundations, 332 Sun, Declination of, 150

for azimuth, Corrections for observations of, 154 Formula for azimuth of, 150

Sun's parallax in altitude, Table of, 152 Superelevation of outer rail, Formula for, 172

[blocks in formation]

T-shaped reinforced-concrete beams, Formulas for, 331 Table, Barometric, 92

for cast-iron pipes, Hydraulic, 364 to 372

of absorptive power of
stone, 304

of average weights of hy-
draulic cements, 307
of azimuths of Polaris at
elongation, 148

of coefficients of friction f
for flow of water in pipes,
361

of coefficients for angular bends, 362

of coefficients for circular bends, 362

of coefficients for valves, 363

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