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7. Mary bought 31 gallons of cream at 10¢ a pint. How much did it cost her?

8. A grocer sold 61 gallons of vinegar at 8 a pint. How much did he receive for it?

9. Change 127 pt. to gallons, etc.

2)127, no. of pints.
4)63, no. of qt. +1 pt.

15, no. of gal. + 3 qt. 127 pt.15 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt.

=

Since 2 pints 1 quart, there will be as many quarts as pints; that is, 63 qt. +1 pt. Since 4 quarts 1 gallon, there will be as many gallons as quarts; that is, 15 gal. + 3 qt.

NOTE. — The numbers in the operation must be regarded as abstract. Do not say 127 pints ÷ 2 = 63 quarts + 1 pint. It is evident that 127

pints 2 would equal 631⁄2 pints.

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Dry measures are used in measuring grain, fruit, roots, and other dry articles. Name five articles sold by the bushel.

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1. Find, by measuring, how many pecks equal a bushel.

2. How many quarts will fill a peck measure?

3. How many quarts will fill a bushel measure?

4. How many bushels do 16 pecks equal? 64 quarts?

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Avoirdupois Weight

The teacher should secure a scale and weights, and have pupils weigh articles of different kinds.

Avoirdupois weight is used in weighing heavy articles; as, groceries, coal, grain, and metals, except gold and silver.

16 ounces (oz.)

100 pounds

20 hundredweight

2000 pounds

2240 lb.

1 T. 20 cwt.

= 1 pound (lb.)

= 1 hundredweight (cwt.)

}

= 1 ton (T.)

= 1 long ton

=2000 1b = 32,000 oz.

The long ton is used at the United States custom houses, and in wholesale transactions in coal and iron.

The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 grains, and the avoirdupois ounce, 437 grains.

The unit of avoirdupois weight is the pound.

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1. Name several kinds of articles sold by the pound; by the ton.

2. How many tons equal 6000 pounds? 24,000 pounds? 3. Find the cost of 21 tons of hay at $14 a ton.

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There are two

Time measure is used in measuring time. standard units of time, the day and the year.

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1. How many hours is it from midnight on Tuesday to midnight on Wednesday?

2. At what time does the new day begin?

3. How many times in a day does the hour hand pass around the face of the clock?

4. What part of an hour are 10 minutes? 45 min.? 5. What part of a minute are 15 seconds? 30 sec.? 6. What do you mean by A.M.? by P.M.? by M.?

7. Read the time on each of the clocks in the picture. 8. A man leaves home at 6:30 A.M. and returns at 5:45 P.M. How long is he away from home?

9. A train leaves the station at 11:10. It requires 25 minutes to reach the station. At what time must one leave home in order to catch this train?

10. Harry leaves for school at 8:30, and reaches school at 3 minutes before 9 o'clock. How long is he on the way? 11. The morning session of school begins at 9 A.M. and closes at 11:30 A.M. The afternoon session begins at 1 P.M.

and closes at 3:45 P.M. How long are both sessions?

12. How many months have 31 days each? 30 days each? 28 days? When has February 29 days?

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9. If the school is in session 5 hours, how many seconds

is it in session?

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