of true discernment, we would find that there are those of our brethren and sisters who have been brought through, not only to the ancles, but to the knees, and to the loins, &c. How

before the door. No righteousness can stand the test in the day of requisition, but the righteousness which is of God by faith."

For Friends' Review.

ever. Oh! what an unspeakable favor to feel these things! Without feeling, words are nothing but empty sounds; day after day, week after week, to feel this peace,-what a favor, and to poor unworthy me, who am but one of the hind-ever, I judge not, yet the judge himself standeth most of the flock!" At another time he said, "Oh! the loving kindness of God, I feel full of praise; this is no bad state to be in, and this gives me hope that all will be well in the end." One day he apeared to be sinking away, and having seen all his family, for whom he inquired anxiously, asking for each by name, he said to one of them, "I have now seen all my dear child- This eminent person, long a prominent writer ren; should I not be restored to meet them again, npon religious topics in Germany, and the author I humbly trust that in the end it may be said, of the best History of the Christian Church 'Thou hast been faithful over a few things, enter which has yet appeared, died at Berlin on the 13th thou into the joy of thy Lord.' I have endea of 7th mo. last, in his 62d year. He was of voured to be faithful, keeping in view the Hea-Jewish descent, as his strongly marked features venly Jerusalem, the city of the King of kings, where there is all peace, all joy, through a neverending eternity."

NEANDER.

are said to have plainly evinced, but embraced Christianity in his 17th year. For forty years past he has devoted the energies of a powerful Our dear friend recovered from this illness, and comprehensive intellect, to the defence and but his bodily and mental powers were weakened, exposition of the religion which he adopted from and his constitution was further impaired about conviction. Probably no one has more successthree years afterwards, by a slight attack of pa- fully resisted the efforts of a large body of Gerralysis, which recurred more than once, and he man theologians to undermine the Christian was gradually reduced to a state of great weak- faith, by attacking the belief in miracles, and ness and helplessness. In the summer of 1849, endeavouring to subject divinely revealed truths in attempting to stand alone, he fell, and the to the tests of man's unaided reason. His thigh-bone received a double fracture. This ac- great work is the "History of the Christian cident he survived but a few weeks, and though Religion and Church," which has been translatunable to express much connectedly, he ap-ed into English, and extensively circulated in peaed to derive solid comfort from having the Scriptures read, often intimating his abiding sense of the continued mercy and goodness of God towards him, and he was at times engaged in the utterance of praise.

His death took place the 13th of 10th month, 1849, and his remains wese interred in Friends' Burial Ground, at Cirencester, the 19th of the same month. He was aged 84 years; a minister about 44 years.

For Friends' Review.

PRESERVATION OF THE CHURCH.

In a letter recently received from a dear aged Friend, dated in Guilford county, N. C., the following weighty remarks are made, which I forward, with a hope that they may properly impress many minds.

A.

this country. It traces with singular clearness the development of Christian doctrines; and parts of it are remarkable for the spirituality of the writer's views, and might be usefully quoted to confirm some of the leading doctrines maintained by our own religious Society. The following graphic sketch of this illustrious man, is furnished to the "Boston Traveller," by a correspondent, who dates from "Berlin, July, 22d."

"Neander is no more! He who for thirtyeight years has defeated the attacks upon the church from the side of rationalism and philostheologians in Germany, has remained true to ophy-who, through all the controversies among the faith of his adoption, the pure and holy religion of Jesus Christ-Neander, the philosopher, the scholar-better, the great and good

man-has been taken from the world.

"I trust that wisdom-best wisdom-will yet "He was never married, but lived with his so prevail, as to preserve the Church in the ful- maiden sister. Often have I seen the two walkness of sound doctrine, and in right order in the ing arm in arm upon the streets and in the government thereof, and preserve the members, parks of the city. Neander's habit of abstracand indeed the whole body, from anarchy and tion and short-sightedness rendered it necessary confusion. Then shall we be preserved from as- for him to have some one to guide the way suming high ground to ourselves, and from think- whenever he left his study for a walk or to go ing lightly of others. If we have been favored to his lecture room. Generally, a student walkto be dipt a little in Jordan, not thence concluded with him to the University, and just before ing that others have never been led through to the it was time for his lecture to close, his sister ancles; when, if we were gifted with the spirit could be seen walking up and down on the op

"Many anecdotes are related of him illustrative of his absence of mind, such as his appearing in the lecture room half dressed-if left alone, always going to his old residence, after he had removed to another part of the city-walking in the gutter, &c., &c. In the lecture room, his manner was in the highest degree peculiar. He put his left arm over the desk, clasping the book in his hand, and after bringing his face close to the corner of his desk, effectually concealed it by holding his notes close to his

nose.

"In one hand was always a quill, which, during the lecture, he kept constantly twirling about and crushing. He pushed the desk forward on two legs, swinging it back and forth, and every few minutes would plunge forward almost spasmodically, throwing one foot back in a way leading you to expect that he would the next moment precipitate himself headlong down upon the desks of the students. Twirling his pen, occasional spitting, jerking his foot backward, taken with his dress, gave him a most eccentric appearance in the lecture room. Meeting him upon the street, with his sister, you never would have suspected that such a strange looking being could be Neander. He formerly had two sisters, but a few years ago the favourite one died. It was a trying affliction, and for a short interval he was quite overcome, but suddenly he dried his tears, calmly declared his firm faith and reliance in the wise purpose of God in taking her to himself, and resumed his lectures immediately as if nothing had overtaken him to disturb his serenity.

"Neander's charity was unbounded. Poor students were not only presented with tickets to his lectures, but were also often provided by him with money and clothing. Not a farthing of the money he received for his lectures ever went to supply his own wants; it was all given away for benevolent purposes. The income from his writings was bestowed upon the Missionary, Bible, and other societies, and upon hospitals. Thoughts of himself never seemed to have obtruded upon his mind. He would sometimes give away to a poor student all the money he had about him at the moment the request was made of him, even his new coat, retaining the old one for himself. You have known this great man in your country more on account of his learning, from his books, than in any other way; but here, where he has lived, one finds that his private character, his piety, his charity, have distinguished him above all others.

"It would be difficult to decide whether the influence of his example has not been as great as that of his writings upon the thousands of young men who have been his pupils. Protestants, Catholics, nearly all the leading preachers

throughout Germany, have attended his lectures, and all have been more or less guided by him. While philosophy has been for years attempting to usurp the place of religion, Neander has been the chief instrument in combating it, and in keeping the true faith constantly before the students.

"He was better acquainted with Church History and the writings of the Fathers than any one of his time. It has been the custom upon the recurrence of his birth-day, for the students to present to him a rare edition of one of the Fathers, and thus he has come to have one of the most complete sets of their writings to be found in any library. Turning from his great literary attainments, from all considerations suggested by his profound learning, it is pleasant to contemplate the pure Christian character of the man. Although born a Jew, his whole life seemed to be a sermon upon the text, 'That disciple whom Jesus loved said unto Peter, It is the Lord! Neander's life resembled more that disciple's than any other. He was the loving John, the new Church Father of our times.

"His sickness was only of a few days' duration. On Monday he held his lecture as usual. The next day he was seized with a species of cholera. A day or two of pain was followed by a lucid interval, when the physicians were encouraged to hope for his recovery. During this interval he dictated a page in his Church History, and then said to his sister-I am weary— let us go home.' His whole life had been the best preparation, and up to the last moment we see him active in his master's service. The disease returned with redoubled force; a day or two more of suffering, and on Sunday, less than a week from the day of attack, he was dead.

"On the 17th of July I attended the funeral services. It was a solemn sight to see the tears gushing from the eyes of those who had been the pupils and friends of Neander. Many were deeply moved, and well might they join with the world in mourning for one who had done more than any one to keep pure the religion of Christ here in Germany.

"How insignificant all the metaphysical controversies of the age, the vain teachings of man, appeared to us as we stood at the grave-side of Neander. His was a far higher and holier faith, from which, like the Evangelist, he never wavered. In his life, in his death, the belief to which he had been converted, his watchword remained unchanged: 'It is the Lord! His body has been consigned to the grave, but the sunset glory of his example still illumines our sky, and will forever light us onward to the path he trod."

PRESIDENT BONAPARTE'S SALARY.-The salary of the French President is $675,000 per annum,or $1,875 a day-being 27 times the salary of the President of the United States. For

eight years Gen. Washington drew $200,000. | rels, in which they have been concealed. But For the same time Louis Napoleon will receive $5,400,000. The vote for the increase of salary was taken after half an hour's discussion, and carried by a majority of 22.

DEPARTURE OF EMIGRANT VESSELS.

(Continued from page 14.)

such extreme cases are comparatively rare, and the worst fate that usually befalls the stow-away is the degradation of being compelled to perform all the dirty work of the ship. Sometimes a miserable wight is compelled to walk the deck in the bitter cold for a certain number of hours, without any protection from the weather: but it is seldom that a captain resorts to such useless and vindictive cruelty.

One captain, however, was so annoyed by the constant appearance of stow-aways in his vessel, in spite of all the precautions he adopted, that he resolved to tar and feather, in American backwood or "Lynch" fashion, the first he found. He was as good as his word, and sent a wretched stow-away back in a steam-tug to Liverpool in this painful plight. The man complained to Mr. Rushton, the magistrate, and the

The steam-tug had no sooner taken her departure than all the passengers were summoned on deck, that their names might be read over, their tickets produced, and a search made in the steerage, and in every hole and corner of the ship, for "stow-aways." The practice of stowing away has, it appears, very much increased of late years; and although the strictest search is invariably made before the emigrant ships leave the Mersey, a voyage is seldom completed with-captain, aware that he had broken the law, and out the discovery, when out in the Atlantic, of was liable to punishment for it, has not since retwo or three of these unfortunates. In one voy- turned to Liverpool. But, notwithstanding all age the captain of the Star of the West, then the severity that is sometimes shown, and the commanding the Montezuma, was favored with fatal accidents that occur to the unhappy people the company of no less than ten stow-aways, of who stow themselves away, the practice continboth sexes, who had secreted themselves about ues. A stow-away was lately discovered, almost the ship, until it was far out at sea, and had then dead, in a barrel of salt. A woman was taken presented themselves before him, without money out of a chest, after the vessel had been twentyor luggage. The manner in which the stow-aways four hours at sea, with her limbs so cramped and contrive to elude the vigilance of the crew is sur- benumbed, and so weak and exhausted as to be prising. They sometimes have accomplices unable to stand up for a fortnight. On one ocamong the steerage passengers, and sometimes casion, when a large cask was being hoisted over have no other reliance than their own patience the side of an emigrant-vessel, the top of the and impudence. In the first case, they are cask gave way, and a man fell out, head-forebrought on board in barrels or in large chests, most, into the dock, whence he was rescued with with air holes bored in them, and placed among some difficulty. When a captain or any of the the luggage until the dreaded ceremony of the crew suspects a box or barrel to contain a stowroll-call and production of the tickets is over, away, and he does not like to break it open, he when they emerge from their hiding-places, and resorts to the expedient of placing it on end, so are fed during the voyage by the charity of those that the stow-away, if one be concealed, must be who are in their secret. In the instances where made to stand on his head. This discipline, they have no friend on board they hide them- after a few minutes, seldom fails to make the selves in the hold, or about the steerage, in every wretched prisoner disclose himself, and call for unlikely corner they can find, and when starved mercy. It is generally extreme poverty that into the necessity of avowing what they have causes men, women, and children, to subdone, boldly show themselves and claim their ject themselves to this danger; but cases have food. It is a puzzling matter how to deal with occurred in which the stow-away had money. A them. A captain can neither return with them few weeks before the departure of the Star of the nor throw them overboard, nor can he starve West, a stow-away was detected before the ship them to death by refusing them as much meal left the Mersey, and sent ashore. He stated beand water as will keep them alive till they reach fore the magistrate that he had paid a sovereign New York; and if he punish them by imprison- to a man catcher for concealing him and taking ment they reconcile themselves to it, well know-him on board in a trunk. The statement was ing that after all they must be landed in Ameri- ascertained to be correct, and a warrant issued ca, and that the object they had in view will be for the apprehension of the man-catcher. A reaccomplished. So great is their misery at home, markably stout man, six feet high, who had and so exalted are their hopes of doing better in stowed himself away in a chest, was pointed out America, that they are contented to run all pos- to me in the streets. The vessel in which he sible risks of the punishment or hardship that was concealed, the John R. Skiddy, was wreckmay be inflicted upon them on board. The prac-ed on the coast of Ireland, and he made his way tice, however, has other dangers than these, and back to Liverpool with other passengers. cases have occurred in which the unhappy "stow- so bulky an individual could have crammed himaways" have been suffocated in the chests or bar-self into a chest was difficult to imagine.

The third system, called the Electro-chemical telegraph, is also exclusively adopted in the United States, and with the improvement which it has recently received, it exceeds by far in efficiency and power all the other telegraphic arrangements hitherto tried. A memoir on this invention has recently been read before the Acadamy of Sciences in Paris, of which we shall avail ourselves.

The imperfections of the needle and magnet telegraphs, which this improvement removes, are stated as follows:

"To deflect the magnetic needle from a posi tion of rest, and still more to impart sufficient magnetic energy to soft iron so as to produce the call-necessary effects at the stations of arrival, in the systems above mentioned, a galvanic current of a certain force is indispensable. Lines of telegraphic communication being exposed to local and atmospherical vicissitudes, such a force of the current cannot always be secured. This is especially the case when communications are made to a great distance, as, for example, 300 miles and upward.

fluence or local causes to be in operation, the, kept in uniform revolution by means of a train strength of the electric current will, nevertheless, of wheel-work." be influenced by mere distance. When the distance is augmented to a certain extent, the current may become so enfeebled as to be incapable either of imparting the necessary magnetic power to the soft iron, or of deflecting the needles from their position of rest."

It is then shown that various other causes, such as imperfect insulation, atmospheric vicissitudes, &c., are liable to intercept the action of the needle and magnetic telegraphs; and that they sometimes even destroy the coils of fine wire which are used to affect the magnets.

The inventor of the electro-chemical telegraph, Mr. Alexander Bain, a native of Scotland, and formerly a watchmaker in that country, rejects the use of needles and magnets altogether, and relies exclusively on the chemical effects of the electric current. By this means he shows that he can obtain

"1st. Greater economy and simplicity in the original construction, and in the permanent maintenance and management of the appara

tus.

The point of the wire, which may be considered as a pen, is gently pressed on this paper. When the current passes, it leaves a blue trace; when the current is interrupted, it leaves no trace.

It is clear, therefore, that by alternately transferring and interrupting the current, such a pen will leave on the paper a succession of lines and dots in any desired combination, precisely similar to those already described in the case of the American system of magnetic telegraph.

But the prominent feature of this system, which confers on it an immeasurable superiority over all which preceded it, is the extraordinary celerity of which it is susceptible. We have already stated that, in the experiments made with this apparatus before the Committees of the Institute and the Legislative Assembly at Paris, despatches were sent along a thousand miles of wire at the rate of nearly 20,000 words an hour.

We shall now explain the means by which this extraordinary feat is accomplished.

"A narrow ribbon of paper is wound on a roller, and placed on an axis, on which it is capa

"2d. Increased celerity and certainty, and less liability to error in the transmission of commu-ble of turning, so as to be regularly unrolled. nications."

The mode of construction and operation of the electro-chemical telegraph is as follows:

This ribbon of paper is passed between rollers under a small punch, which, striking upon it, makes a small hole at its centre. This punch is "Let a sheet of writing paper be wetted with worked by a simple mechanism so rapidly, that a solution of prussiate of potash, to which a lit- when it is allowed to operate without interruption tle nitric and hydrochloric acid have been added. on the paper passing before it, the holes it pro"Let a metallic desk be provided, correspond- duces are so close together as to leave no unpering in magnitude with the sheet of paper, and forated space between them, and thus is produlet this metallic desk be put in communication ced a continuous perforated line. Means, howwith a galvanic battery so as to form its negative ever, are provided by which the agent who supole. Let a piece of steel or copper wire, form-perintends the process can, by a touch of the fining a pen, be put in connection with the same battery so as to form its positive pole. Let the sheet of moistened paper be now laid upon the metallic desk, and let the steel or copper point, which forms the positive pole of the battery, be brought into contact with it. The galvanic circuit being thus completed, the current will be established, the solution with which the paper is wetted will be decomposed at the point of contact, and a blue or brown spot will appear. If the pen be now moved upon the paper, the continuous succession of spots will form a blue or brown line, and the pen being moved in any manner upon the paper, characters may be thus written upon it as it were in blue or brown ink." The metallic desk on which the paper is placed is circular, and about twenty inches in di

ameter.

"It is fixed on a central axis, with which it is capable of revolving in its own plane. A uniform movement of rotation is imparted to it by means of a small roller, gently pressed against its under surface, and having sufficient adhesion with it to cause the movement of the disk by the revolution of the roller. This roller is itself

ger, suspend the action of the punch on the paper, so as to allow a longer interval to elapse between its successive strokes upon the paper. In this manner a succession of holes are perforated in the ribbon of paper, separated by unperfora ted spaces. The manipulator, by allowing the action of the punch to continue uninterrupted for two or more successive strokes, can make a linear perforation of greater or less length on the ribbon; and, by suspending the action of the punch, these linear perforations may be separated by unperforated spaces.

"Thus it is evident that being provided with a preparatory apparatus of this kind, an expert agent will be able to produce on the ribbon of paper, as it unrolls, a series of perforated dots and lines, and that these dots and lines may be made to correspond with those of the telegraphic alphabet already described.

"Let us imagine, then, the agent at the station of departure preparing to despatch a message. Preparatory to doing so it will be necessary to inscribe it in the perforated telegraphic characters on the ribbon of paper just described. "He places for this purpose before him the