ness and disease. But give it for a few years a mellow, clean, and fertile soil, and vigorous shoots, and expanding branches, will soon bend under copious loads of fruit. To adduce instances, in a single garden, apple trees, the fifth year from setting out, yielded a bushel each; peach trees, the third summer, bore three pecks; and a Bartlett pear tree, two years from transplanting, gave a peck of superb fruit; none of them were an inch in diameter when transplanted, nor was their treatment better than that which every good farmer gives to his carrots and potatoes." Memoir of ANN BUDGE, wife of John Budge, of Redruth, England, who died 10th of Fourth month, 1850, aged 53 years. In an unexpected hour, and in the enjoyment of usual health, it pleased our heavenly Father to lay his hand of affliction on this dear friend, and after a severe illness of about four weeks, to gather her, as we reverently believe, into "the rest which remaineth for the people of God." It appears, that in early life, the "grace which bringeth salvation," wrought effectually in her heart, so that her surviving relatives cannot recall the time when the fear of God did not influence her conduct; her pious mother, who for many years filled the station of Elder in our Society, was deeply interested in the religious welfare of her children, and earnestly sought, in the morning of their day, to imbue their minds with the principles and precepts of the Gospel of Christ, and her labours of love in reference to this beloved daughter were graciously owned. From her childhood, she was more than commonly dutiful and affectionate to her parents, rarely giving them any cause for uneasiness; an aged grandmother also, who resided for many years with them, she also waited on with such tender care, as to call forth the expression of her belief, that a blessing would rest on her on that account. Great meekness, tenderness, and humility clothed her mind, not only throughout the season of her affliction, but for a long course of previous years, binding her in very tender bonds to her husband and children, as well as to her other endeared relatives and friends. It appears, from the first day on which her illness assumed a more serious character, that an impression pervaded her mind, that it would be unto death, and accompanying this impression, a deep and earnest desire for entire resignation to the divine will; and this desire was graciously answered; for during the period of her illness, her resignation and consequent tranquillity were indeed remarkable; attended by a precious measure of the peace of God which passeth all understanding." So fully was this the case, and so little of the appearance of death accompanied her illness, that a lively hope of her restoration to health, was even to the last day of her life, earnestly cherished by those around her, and in addition to this, such was the nature of her disease, that great stillness and uninterrupted rest were considered necessary; thus circumstanced, whilst both her mind, and their minds, were abundantly satisfied with the precious evidence of the love of God in Christ Jesus, shed abroad in her heart, they were not anxious for much expression, or careful to commit to writing what, from season to season, fell from her lips; feeling that her mind "wore thanksgiving to her Maker." She evinced, throughout her married life, a deep interest in the well-being of her tenderly beloved children, making it her frequent practice to spend some portion of her time in retirement with them, in reading the holy scriptures and in prayer; and this interest increasingly appeared as she lay on the bed of affliction, having them daily in her chamber, and again and again, in tender affection, impressing on their minds the importance of divine and eternal things, urging them to walk in the way of God's commandments, and to regard his favor and approbation as the one thing, beyond all other things, necessary both to their present peace and everlasting salvation: similar counsel was also extended to the other members of her household and family, to the friends who kindly visited her, to her medical attendants, and to her neighbours. More might be said in reference to the Christian graces which marked the character of this beloved friend, but the object is not to magnify the creature but to set forth the excellency and sufficiency of the "grace which is from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ," and by the effectual operation of which, she was what she was. words she addressed to her dearly beloved husband were: "All is well:" and again, shortly before the final close: "My foundation is on the Rock;" that rock, we undoubtingly believe, which "no tempest overthrows."-Ann. Mon. The last Twenty-Third Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the House of Refuge. The Board of Managers have great satisfaction in communicating to the Legislature and to the Contributors, that the institution under their pa tronage continues in a flourishing condition. It must afford heartfelt gratification that the objects of their bounty are "snatched like brands from the burning," trained in the paths of industry, frugality, and piety, and prepared for lives of usefulness and happiness. This noble charity, while it affords protection to the helpless, comfort to the forsaken, and instruction to the ignorant child, will amply repay all the expense and labor incurred in its support and management by diminishing pauperism and repressing crime, and thus affording additional security to society. Humanity and self-interest, one in the City of New York, the other at Roare both united in the measure. It has been well said, that "The question commends itself to every man's common sense, whether, upon the whole, it is the cheapest and best policy to make criminals, and support them at the public charge, or to control the primordial causes, and make them honest and useful members of society. "Courts of justice constitute our principal State machinery for the suppression of crime. We select our ablest and wisest men for judges. We add jurors, witnesses and executive officers. The people, through the legislature, define the crime and announce the penalty, confer on the courts the dread power over property, personal liberty, and even life itself. This machinery is worked at vast expense. The object is to hunt down the transgressor, and protect society from his ravages. Of all this mighty array of power, of wisdom, and expense, not a tithe is aimed at the removal of the cause. It only attempts to alleviate the effects. When the incendiary applies the torch to the building, the whole community are on the alert to detect and punish the criminal. All recognize the burning brand as the antecedent, and conflagration as the consequent, but neither judge nor jury take any cognizance of the relation between the early education of the incendiary and the state of mind that impelled him to the fatal deed. During all the formatory process of the child, the court must stand by and look on. chester. Massachusetts two; one at South Boston, the other at Westboro; Ohio, one at Cincinnati. All these asylums are in successful operation, affording physical, intellectual, moral, and religious training to thousands of children who, but for such houses, would have been outcasts from society, plunged in ignorace, misery and crime, the majority of whom, we trust, will, through the Divine blessing, become industrious, useful and virtuous citizens. Maryland, New Jersey, and Rhode Island, guided by enlightened philanthropy, have passed the necessary laws for the establishment of Houses of Refuge. The managers of the institution in the former State have purchased an eligible site in the vicinity of the City of Baltimore, adopted a plan for the buildings, which, we are persuaded, will do honor to the benevolent and intelligent managers and their beautiful metropolis. All that science and zeal can accomplish may be expected from New Jersey and Rhode Island. The generous and enterprising citizens of St. Louis, are now concerting measures to found a Refuge in that flourishing and populous place; and in Washington, D. C., there is a similar movement. May every State, may every great city in our Union, soon enjoy the advantages of similar institutions. The colored department, as stated in the last "Follow that embryo convict a few years dur- report, was opened on the 29th day of December, ing childhood and youth. Behold the circum- 1849. It was estimated that the average numstances that made him what he now is-circum- ber of inmates for the past year would be sixty; stances (in one sense) beyond his control-cir- but the number actually received has been much cumstances which the community might and greater, and the applications so numerous that ought to have controlled; society presenting the the Managers have been constrained to decline absurd spectacle of creating the cause, or at receiving, from the City and County of Philaleast permitting it to exist, and then punishing delphia, except under peculiar circumstances, inthe effect. There are hundreds of children grow-mates over the age of sixteen years, until addiing up in our State in conditions, and surrounded by circumstances, such that it is morally certain that they will become candidates for the prison or the gallows. It is in our power to change those circumstances. Shall we do it?" We answer yes. It is in our power to change those circumstances by placing such children in a House of Refuge; and every generous heart and reflecting mind will say we should do it. The advantages of such schools of reformation have now become more fully known, and more justly appreciated, not only in our own commouwealth but in several of our sister States. tional accommodations can be erected. It is intended, at as early a period as the finances of the Institution will warrant it, to extend the dormitories and work-shops; and, when these additional buildings are finished, 96 boys and 60 girls can be accommodated. The estimated cost of these improvements is about eight thousand dollars. The buildings for the colored children answer the expectations of the Board; they are conve nient, well lighted, well ventilated, and well warmed-essential requisites for such an establishment. The final Report of the Building Committee, which will be found in the Appendix, furnishes some interesting details. The health of the inmates has been in general With a wise and characteristic liberality, our representatives, at their last session, incorporated "The House of Refuge of Western Pennsylvania," and appropriated the sum of twenty thou-good. One death only, has occurred; that of a sand dollars in aid of the institution, to be paid when an equal sum shall be bona fide subscribed by responsible parties. New York has two kindred establishments female about 17 years of age. She was from H– -County, was admitted on the 12th day September, in feeble health, and died on the 26th of December. She was attended by a skil ful physician, and watched over by our kind and, tertaining and instructive books is furnished from excellent matron and her assistant. well-selected libraries. In short, it is the earDuring the past year, 148 inmates were re-nest desire of the Managers that the young perceived, viz.: 103 boys and 45 girls. And during the same period, 29 were discharged; 19 boys, and 10 girls. The boys are engaged in the manufacture of furniture for umbrellas, and the girls in the usual domestic avocations. The amount earned by the boys, for labor performed by them during the year, is $1,495 20. The progress of the pupils in school, although not rapid, is as great as could reasonably be expected. In very many cases, their education had, prior to their admission, been totally neglected. Indeed, few of them, when received, could read even tolerably well. Their deport ment has, with few exceptions, been satisfactory. They appear happy, and afford good reason to hope that they will become useful and upright. sons placed under their guardianship should be reared in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and so taught to love and fear him that they may keep his commandments. The number of inmates received into the Department for Colored Children has very considerably exceeded that which was anticipated, and at no former period has the number in the Department for White Children_equalled that now under the care of the Board. Increased numbers to be provided for, have caused necessarily increased expenditure; but this increased expenditure has been productive of increased blessings to these children, thus provided for by your bounty, and increased security to the community. THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. line reservations, seats of government, public buildings, institutions of education, and other grants, amounting in the whole to the enormous quantity of 134,000,000 of acres, beside the recent bounties awarded to soldiers, of 79 millions of acres, and large donations to the Chicago and Mobile Railroad, and other objects, there remains to the United States a pretty property of more than thirteen hundred millions of The occupations of the inmates in the depart ment for white children are, with the exception The Republic of the United States is a great of the manufacture of furniture for umbrellas, landholder. After the alienation to the new (transferred to the department for colored child-states and territories of some sixteen or seventeen ren,) the same as in 1849, viz.: making razor- millions of acres for internal improvements, sastrops, caning seats for chairs, and book-binding. The amount earned during the year by the labor of the boys in this department, is $6,426 87. The same cheerfulness characterizes the inmates of this, as of the other department; the marked want of early instruction to be seen in the colored children is, with some exceptions, apparent in the white. Many on their admission cannot read, and some do not know the alphabet. This lamentable fact is the more surprising, as the public schools have placed the means of at least elementary instruction within the reach of all. While in the Refuge, the pupils attend daily the schools, and the most backward have an additional hour of instruction given them. The same cause-t -the crowded state of the department-which obliged the Board to decline receiving colored inmates over the age of sixteen years, has compelled them to adopt the same measure in relation to white. Such a course has occasioned the Board deep concern, and has been resorted to from imperious necessity. acres. ATTENTION OF GREAT MEN TO SUPPOSED LITTLE THINGS. He Sir Philip Francis once waited upon Burke, by appointment, to read over to him some papers respecting Mr. Hastings' delinquencies. called on Mr. Burke in his way to the house of a friend with whom he was engaged to dine. He found him in his garden, holding a grasshopper :- "What a beautiful animal is this """ said Mr. Burke. "Observe its structure"How can The number of inmates received during the its legs, its wings, its eyes." year 1850 into the White Department, was 172 you," said Sir Philip, "lose your time in boys, 47 girls, total 219, (9 boys and 3 girls re-admiring such an animal, when you have so turned after having been indentured,) and the number discharged 176 boys, 44 girls, total 220; and one died. There remained in this department at the close of 1850, 181 boys, 50 girls, total 231. many objects of real moment to attend to?" "Yet Socrates," said Mr. Burke, "according to the exhibition of him in Aristophanes, attended to a much less animal; he actually measured the proportion which its size bore to the space it passed In both departments, the pupils are provided over in its skip. I think the skip of a grasswith good clothing suitable to the different sea-hopper does not exceed its length; let me see." sons, with ample means for bathing, and with a "My dear friend," said Sir Francis, "I am in wholesome and nutritious diet. They are allow- a great hurry; let me walk in, and let me read ed to exercise freely in the open air, and to enjoy the sports of childhood. They are encouraged to read, and for this object an ample supply of en my papers to you." Into the house they walked; Sir Philip began to read, and Mr. Burke appeared to listen. At length, Sir Philip hav This biography is now before the public, and, from such hurried examination as the editor has as yet found leisure to give it, he is convinced that it exhibits a degree of research, much more minute and extensive than the previous biographers of William Penn submitted to. In regard to the charges and imputations, on that estimable man, which have been recently published in Macaulay's history, the exposure of which appears to have been a leading object of our author, he has been, I apprehend, completely successful. The charges of Macaulay had, indeed been so far refuted in several minor publications, that the public did not seem to require much additional light on the subject. Still we may justly regard this volume as an able and valuable defence of the moral and political character of the founder of Pennsylvania. It will no doubt be extensively read, and will be found a triumphant vindication of the wisdom and integrity of its subject. It is, however, to be sincerely regretted that so able a writer, and one who evidently took abundance of pains to make himself master of his subject, should have formed so inadequate a conception of the religious character of the man whose life he undertook to delineate, and particularly of the society to which he was united. Our author, while carefully inspecting the records of Friends where they were capable of reflecting light on the actions of William Penn, seems never to have clearly discovered that the comprehensive views, and enlarged benevolence which he justly attributes to his subject, were the fruit of that very religion which he so freely brands with the appellation of fanaticism. He informs us (page 202) that "the young legislators of Pennsylvania, with fearless confidence, adopted the humane views of the Governor, even when they seemed to be least supported by tradition and experience. The English penal laws-then, and long afterwards a disgrace to our statute book-were entirely at variance with Penn's ideas; and, at one stroke, he blotted out the whole catalogue of crimes punished with the cord, except two-murder and treason, The Assembly passed a law embodying this humane and enlightened policy." But he does not also inform us, that this specimen of enlightened Quaker legislation, was little else than the adoption of the principles which George Fox, whom our author represents as a madman, with a little more method than some others, in his madness,* had proclaimed more than thirty years before. In 1651, he wrote to the judges, remonstrating against putting men to death for theft; and urging the Mosaic provision, which required restitution in labour or goods. (Fox's journal, p. 93.) While he speaks of the religion of George Fox and his coadjutors, with undisguised contempt, he asserts that an incident of his life, "at a village ale house, was one of the most important events which had yet happened in the history of the Anglo-Saxon race; for out of it was to come Quakerism, the writings and teachings of Penn and Barclay, the colony and constitution of Pennsylvania, the republics of the west, and, in no very remote degree, the vast movements of liberal ideas in Great Britain and America in more modern times." This is certainly a remarkable result to arise from so apparently trifling an incident in the life of "a rude, gaunt, illiterate shoemaker of nineteen,"t who is represented as a fanatic, if nothing more. A pious Friend, however he may value the character, the labours, and the doctrines of George Fox, will probably discover, in the ale house incident, nothing more than a link in the great chain of events, by which the divine purposes, in the improvement and redemption of our fallen race, are accomplished, or in the course of accomplishment. The reformation in Germany during the sixteenth century, the ministry of George Fox, the writings of Penn and Barclay; the establishment of Pennsylvania and other colonies in the western world, upon more liberal and tolerant principles than the nations of Europe had embraced, were parts of the great work which has been advancing from the days of Wickliff to our own time. This constant progression is greatly promoted by the labour of pious and enlightened men, and we freely accede a good share to Fox, Penn, and Barclay; but regard them not as the cause, but as instruments in the divine hand, for accomplishing the work of universal pacification. But if so much depended on the ale house incident, why did not our author take a little more care to relate it correctly? In the first place, he says it occurred in the year of William Penn's birth; whereas, George Fox tells us that he left his relations on the 9th of the 7th month, 1643. This was subsequent to the circumstance at the ale house; and Dixon informs us that William Penn was born the 14th October, 1644. In the next place the motives of George Fox are quite disguised. He tells us himself, that his cousin Bradford, who invited him to drink part of a jug of beer with him, was a professor, and had another professor with him, and that, being thirsty, he went in with them, for, says he, "I loved any who had a sense of good, or that sought after the Lord." From which we may infer that he hoped to enjoy some edifying conversation with these religious professors. But when he found, after they had drunk a glass apiece, that his companions were disposed to make a drunken carousal, he determined to leave them. The groatwhich he laid on the table was, no doubt, his full share of the expense already incurred; and his tender, susceptible mind was deeply wounded at the unreasonable and 'irreligious demeanor of his companions. From the manner in which the circumstance is related by our author, we might infer, though it is not directly expressed, that if George had been amply supplied with money, he would probably have joined in the carousal. We have no information how much or how little money he had in his pocket; and not the slightest intimation appears in his own narrative, that his conduct was influenced in any degree by the fear of expense. As this biography will no doubt prove a popular work, and be extensively read; and as the errors or misrepresentations of such a writer, are much more liable than those of an inferior author, to make an impression on minds not properly informed, we shall probably introduce into some of our succeeding numbers, such further notices as the case may appear to demand., DIED,-At her residence in Eramosa, Canada West, on the 4th of 2d mo. last, SARAH, wife of ber of Pelham Monthly Meeting. Samuel Balls, in the 65th year of her age; a mem at her residence, New Hope, Bucks county, Pa., on the evening of the 18th ult., in the 83d year of her age, RUTH ELY, for many years a valuable "Mark Elder of Buckingham Monthly Meeting. the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." of erysipelas, on the 9th of 1st mo. last, at the residence of his son Henry Betts, in Whitby, Canada West, AARON BETTS, in the 94th year of his age, a valuable member of Pickering Monthly Meeting. of Zenas Meads, near Saratoga Springs, N. Y., JANE on the 14th of 2d mo. last, at the residence ADAMS, in the 84th year of her age, a member of Greenfield Monthly Meeting. During an illness of four months she was a great sufferer, but she was at the end, favoured calmly and quietly to breathe her last. NINE PARTNERS BOARDING SCHOOL. The Committee who have the charge of Friends' Boarding School at Nine Partners take this method of informing Friends of New York yearly meeting, that the summer term of that Institution, will com mence on the 1st day of 5th month next. The present Superintendents desiring to be reliev MARRIED,-At Mississinawa Meeting House, oned from the service, our esteemed friends, Jarvis the 22d of 1st mo. last, EXUM ELLIOTT to HANNAH MORRIS. at same place and day, CYRUS WILSON to PHARABA, daughter of Ephraim Overman. at same place on the 19th ult., EPHRAIM ELLIOTT to EUNICE, daughter of Isaiah Pemberton, all of Grant county, Indiana. at Farmington, Ontario county, N. Y., on the 25th of 2d mo. last, ROBERT B. HOWLAND, of Union Springs, Cayuga county, N. Y., to SUSANNA, daughter of Daniel A. Robinson, M. D., of the former place. at Friends Meeting in Mariposa, Canada West, on the 13th of 2d mo. last. ELIJAH W. BOSTWICK to MARGARET C., daughter of Cornelius Austin, all of Pickering Monthly Meeting. and Lydia Congdon have been engaged by the Committee, they having previously for many years satisfactorily filled that important station. The School is also provided with competent teachers, and in again bringing the Institution into fidence recommend it to the patronage of those notice, the Committee feel, that they can with conFriends who have young persons to educate, The School is entirely select for the children of Friends, and the Committee hope that the oppor tunity thus afforded to the Society for the guarded, literary and religious education of our youth may receive the encouragement of Friends generally. The price per term of 6 months for each pupil is $46, but a reduction of $3 is allowed to those who come from Le Ray, Farmington, Butternuts, Scipio or Ferrisburg Quarterly Meetings, and $6 to those |