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plished with great precision and successs, owing to the favorable state of the day. The connection was completed, and salutations immediately exchanged between England and France. English Paper.

FRIENDS' REVIEW. PHILADELPHIA, NINTH MONTH 21, 1850.

The Editor of the Review has never attempted to conceal his opinions on the questions which have, for several years, agitated our highly favored and once harmonious Society, and has no disposition to disguise them now, yet he is far from wishing to cast a censure upon any, who, with upright intentions, may have adopted different conclusions. To our own Master we must all answer for our opinions and practice. Still we must be conscious, and the circumstance is to be deeply deplored, that an anomaly, unprecedented in its character, has found a place in our religious society. While holding up the profession that the Society to which we belong wherever scattered, is essentially one body, maintaining the same doctrines, and endeavoring to walk by the same rule, and to mind the same thing, the epistles issued by one Yearly Meeting, have for several years not been allowed to be read in two of the similar assemblies, to which they were addressed; and yet the Meetings which have thus rejected these brotherly communications, maintain a correspondence with six other Yearly Meetings, all of which acknowledge and correspond with the rejected body.

As our present number is the first of a new volume, the time of its emission may be regarded as worthy of a passing notice. The plan and design of the publication having been fully explained in preceding numbers, there can be little occasion for addition now. Born and educated in the Society of Friends, having most of his early associations within its limits, and having embraced its principles from a conviction of their conformity to reason and truth, the Editor necessarily feels a peculiar interest in the welfare and reputation of this Society. Believing that the doctrines espoused and proclaimed by our primitive Friends in the seventeenth century, were in reality the doctrines of the Apostolic era, revived; and that a practical It is not the object of this note to pronounce a observance of them furnishes an efficient remedy judgment, at whose door the responsibility lies. for the evils of the world, he has long felt it a duty But it is impossible to deny, and useless to attempt to exercise his influence, whatever it might be, in to disguise the fact, that a heavy responsibility their promotion and defence. Though fully aware must rest upon some of us. There is, or there is that the influence of his editorial labors must un- not, a just cause for the rejection of the proffered avoidably be of a very limited character, that con- correspondence, and for the estrangement of feelviction does not, in any degree, diminish the obliga-ing, which is so painfully obvious. Our blessed tion to give such direction to his exertions as to do nothing against the truth. And if he can do but little towards promoting the harmony of our religious society, at least to do nothing productive of discord or disunion.

Lord declared to his followers, by this shall all men know that ye are my disciples if ye love one another; and the beloved disciple testified, we know that we have passed from death unto life, because we love the brethren. The same, or nearly the same thing, was indicated by the remark which is said to have been frequently applied to our primitive friends: see how these Quakers love one

another.

In the notices, which in the fulfilment of his implied obligations as a journalist, he gives from time to time, of the proceedings of our larger assemblies, the evidence of weakness and division, which would be gladly covered with the mantle of oblivion, is often unavoidably exposed. One remarkable characteristic of the sacred historians, is the fidelity with which the errors, as well as the virtues of the best of men are related, without palliation or concealment; and though it is not designed to institute any comparison between the works of the sacred historians, and the narrations in the Re-pelled. In the truth there is harmony. Discord view, an endeavor to imitate their fidelity is certainly allowable.

In the account given this week of a Yearly Meeting recently held, we are constrained to record the sorrowful fact, a parallel to which is probably not to be found until our own time, in the history of the Society of one Yearly Meeting refusing to read a religious communication addressed to it by another.

A candid view of what we now are, of what the Society once was, and of what a truly christian community must always be, cannot fail to impress the necessity of a serious examination, on the part of all who are exercising an influence on the movements of society, into the principles on which they are acting, and the spirit by which they are im

arises from opposite spirits striving for mastery. One of the first means of arriving at the truth, is to become sufficiently humble to be convinced of error. They that are whole need not a physician; and the Saviour came, not to call the righteous—those who were too righteous in their own eyes to need redemption-but sinners to repentance.

OHIO YEARLY MEETING.-Several communications have been received from Friends who attended the late Yearly Meeting at Mount Pleasant, but all too late for insertion in our former number. Of the information thus obtained, the following is a summary.

The Meeting of Ministers and Elders convened on the 31st ult., when there were present from other Yearly Meetings, Benjamin Seebohm and Robert Lindsay, from England; Nathan C. Hoag, Clarissa Griffin, and Phebe G. Underhill, from New York; Johnson and Eliza Brewer, from Canada West; Ann Bishop, from Philadelphia; Daniel Wood, Cornelius Douglas, Benjamin Fulghum, and James Owen, from Indiana.

On the commencement of a new editorial year, it is natural and allowable to cast a glance on the one that is past. We have seen a session of our general legislature, of unprecedented duration, almost exclusively devoted to an effort on one side to extend the area of slavery, and on the other to limit it to its present domain. Painful as it must be to behold the legislators of a people boldly claiming the character of the most free and enlightened on the globe, strenuously contending, week after week, for the privilege of establishing, in regions now free, a system of oppression unparalleled among civilized men; we may perhaps find, even in these convulsive struggles, renewed evidence of an overruling hand, by which the devices of men are often diverted from their purpose. The annexation of Texas, and its progeny, the Mexican war, which were evidently designed to enlarge the do-named, with their companions, were present. The minion, and augment the power of the slave-holding influence, have given to the Union a capacious and rapidly growing state on the shore of the Pacific, from which slavery is constitutionally excluded.

The Yearly Meeting commenced as usual on the morning of the 2d inst., when the Friends above

Clerk informed the Meeting that epistles from all the other Yearly Meetings, except North Carolina,* were on the table, and proceeded to read them. Those from London and Dublin being first read, the epistle from New England was passed over, and the others attended to in their usual order.

England was under consideration, it was stated by the Clerk in answer to an enquiry, that none had been received from the smaller body. The Meeting adjourned to the following day, without deciding how the New England epistle should be disposed of.

On the morning of the 3rd inst., when the Meeting convened, it was found that the representatives had not agreed upon any names to offer for the

The efforts of slaveholding statesmen to establish their claims, have necessarily aroused the advocates of freedom, by which the evils of slavery, its impol-When the subject of reading the epistle from New icy, as well as injustice, have been exposed, and the exposure thrown broad cast, in the form of Congressional news, among a class of readers, from whose tables the works of professed abolitionists are rigidly excluded. The facts and arguments thus disseminated, may probably, in most instances, share the fate of the seed which fell among thorns, yet it may be hoped that some of it will find a congenial soil, and eventually produce its proper fruit. Indeed, the admitted and unquestionable fact, that the emi-stations of clerk and assistant. Those formerly grants to California from the slave-holding states, appointed, Benjamin Hoyle and William S. Bates, are generally as much opposed as any other, to the were therefore continued. introduction of slavery there; and the adoption in New Mexico of a constitution embracing the principle of the celebrated ordinance, to which the States on the North-West of the Ohio owe a large part of their unexampled prosperity, may be justly regarded as evidence that the days of slavery are nearly numbered. What a noble country and government should we have, if the doctrines publicly proclaimed in the face of the world, in the city of Philadelphia, seventy-four years ago, were reduced to practice. Looking back upon what has been accomplished since the nineteenth century began, we may indulge a hope that long before its termination, this rod of oppression will be quietly and peaceably laid in the dust; and the United States become, in realityciety. as well as in name, an asylum for the oppressed of every nation and clime, to which they may flee and find a country and a home. Such a consummation is worthy of the highest aspirations of the patriot, the labours of the statesman, and the prayers of the

christian.

The subject of the New England epistle being resumed, a protracted discussion ensued, which occupied great part of the day. One difficulty which existed last year, the presence of two documents purporting to have been issued by New England Yearly Meeting-being now removed, as one only was present, the reading of that one was urged by a large number of Friends. It was however opposed by others, and the epistle was not read.

On the morning of the 4th inst., the reading of the queries and answers was engaged in, and that session, and part of the one held on the 5th, were occupied in the consideration of the state of so

The epistle from a neighbouring Yearly Meeting, was accompanied by a copy of the report

* As it is known that an epistle was addressed to the Yearly Meeting, from that of North Carolina, the absence of that epistle may be attributed to some failure in the

mails.

from the Conference at Baltimore, with a request, honest, simple-hearted company, commending their profession by a humble, watchful walk among men.

that it might be read; and the reading of it was advocated by a large number of Friends. But this measure was opposed by others, and it was passed over without reading.

Notwithstanding the evidence thus painfully furnished of conflicting opinions and feelings, we

have the satisfaction to learn that the discussions were conducted with becoming decorum, and that on many subjects which engaged the attention of the Meeting a united exercise was manifested.

From the minutes of the Meeting for Sufferings, it appeared, that body had been occupied within the past year in advocating the common and inalienable rights of the coloured population; and in consideration of the punishment of death for crime. On these subjects they had presented memorials to the state convention then in session.

These memorials being read, the proceedings were fully approved by the Yearly Meeting.

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The Committee charged with the superintendence of this institution, will meet there on Sixth-day, the 4th of next month, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The Committee on instruction to meet on the preceding evening, at 74 o'clock.

The Visiting Committee attend the semi-annual examination of the School, commencing on Thirdday morning, the first of the month, and closing on Fifth day evening, of the same week,-previously to which, the Rules prohibit the removal of any pupils from the institution.

THOMAS KIMBER, Clerk. Philadelphia, 9th mo. 21st., 1850.-2t.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.
(Continued from page 823 of Vol. 3.)

An encouraging report was received from the committee, which is charged, in conjunction with those of Baltimore and Indiana Yearly Meetings, with the oversight of the establishment among the Shawnese Indians, near the Missouri river, under the immediate care of Thomas and Hannah Wells. A school has been maintained there during the year, averaging about thirty-five pupils. The christian instruction and civilization of this tribe, are making satisfactory progress. The meeting, with entire unanimity, directed a sum of money to be raised to aid and sustain this benevolent under-position, by laying two needles having their poles taking.

From the report of the Committee having the oversight of the Boarding School, it appears that this seminary, though smaller than could be desired, has sustained itself, and a hope is entertained, that under the divine blessing, it will furnish the means of a literary and religious education to many of the rising generation.

The Meeting closed between one and two o'clock, on Seventh day, the 7th inst.

The Editor has learned from a female Friend,

who was present, that no choice of clerk and assistant was made by the representatives to the women's meeting, and that the clerks of the former year, Jane M. Plummer, and Hannah S. Ladd, were continued. The epistle from the women's Yearly Meeting of New England was read and answered as in former years.

In the practical arrangement of electric telegraphs constructed on this principle, the magnetic needles are placed vertically and not horizontally, when not affected by a current, in the vertical as in the mariners compass, and they are kept,

at opposite ends, one upon the other, by which means the polarity of the system is neutralized, and then a small excess of weight given to one end of the combined needles is sufficient to keep them in the vertical position, when fixed upon a horizontal axis.

In this manner they are fixed upon the dials already described, being free to turn on their axis when affected by a deflecting force sufficiently strong to overcome the small excess of weight just mentioned.

This is the principle of the telegraph now used generally in England. The entire system, except the lines which follow the course of the SouthEastern Railway, is in the hands of a company incorporated by act of parliament, and who, therefore, hold a virtual monopoly of the chief part of the telegraphic business of the kingdom. A central station is established in London, in Lothbury, near the Bank of England. The lower part of We are informed that our friend Thomas Arnott the building is appropriated to the reception of has recently paid a visit, accompanied by George ward a message to any part of England, connectorders and messages. A person desiring to forStacey, to Friends in Norway. Their progress was ed with London, by the wires, writes his message much accelerated by the facilities of travelling; so on a sheet of letter-paper according to a printed that they were only occupied about four weeks form, having the names and address of the writer, with the visit, two of which appear to have been and of the party to whom the message is commuspent among Friends there, who are described as annicated, in blank spaces assigned to them to

gether with the date and hour at which the message is despatched. The answer is received, accompanied by the date and hour at which the message arrived, and at which the answer was despatched.

The tariff of charges for transmission of telegraphic messages differs very much, according to the destination of the message, and is not strictly regulated by distance.

It is found that by practice the operators of the telegraphic instruments, constructed on this system, are able to communicate about twenty words per minute, when they work with two needles and two conducting wires, and at the rate of about eight words per minute when working with a single needle.

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leased from future attention, and the agent at the station to which it is addressed interprets the signs as they are successively transmitted, and reduces the message to writing.

It will be seen, therefore, that every message which is despatched, no matter for what station it is intended, is, in fact, sent to all the stations which the wire passes.

The telegraphs established in England, which alone we have here explained, are constructed on the needle system, that is to say, the signals are made by the deviations of magnetic needles, from their position of rest produced by electric currents passing around them.

Telegraphs depending on the second and third principles adverted to above, have been brought into extensive use in America, the needle system being in no case adopted.

Besides the transmission of private despatches, stations have been established by the company in the chief towns of the kingdom, whence and To explain the construction and operation of whither intelligence is transmitted from time to telegraphs depending on the power of magnetism time during the day, so that there is thus kept on soft iron, by an electric current, let us suppose up a never-ceasing interchange of news over the a small lever formed of steel, and balanced on a entire extent of that net-work of wires which has point. At one end of this lever let a point be overspread the country. At each of these sta- formed, so as to constitute a pencil or style. Untions public subscription-rooms have been estab-der the other end let a horse-shoe of soft iron be lished, in which are posted from hour to hour as they arrive, during the day, the public news, which are known to be of most interest to the local population, such as the money market, shipping intelligence, sporting intelligence, quotations of the commercial markets at all chief places, and parliamentary and general news.

It will, however, be asked how despatches can be transmitted to various stations along the extensive lines of telegraphic communnication which have been established, unless a separate and independent wire be appropriated to each station, which would be manifestly impracticable. The answer is easy: At each station the conducting wire is carried from the main wire through the instrument-room of the station, and passing through the instrument, is carried out again, and continued along the line by the posts as usual. It is, therefore, apparent that every message despatched from any station must affect the instruments at all the other stations; and, if desired, can be interpreted and written out at them all. It is, therefore, necessary to provide means by which this needless labor shall not be imposed upon the telegraphic agents, and so that it may be at once known for what station or stations each message is intended.

This is accomplished by the following expedient :-The agent at the station from which the message is despatched first sends the current along the bell-wire. By the means already described, bells are then rung at all the stations, and the attention of the agents is called. The name of the station for which the despatch about to be forwarded is intended, is then transmitted, and appears upon the dials at all the staions. The agents at all the stations, except that to which the despatch is addressed, are then re

placed at such a distance that when it shall receive the magnetic virtue from the electric current, the lever will be drawn to the horse-shoe; and let it be so arranged, that when the horseshoe shall lose its magnetic virtue, the pencil will fall.

Now suppose that immediately above the pencil is placed a small roller, under which a ribbon of paper passes, which receives a slow progressive motion from the roller. Whenever the pencil is raised by the magnet, its point presses on the paper which moves over it, and if it be kept pressed upon it for any time a line will be traced. If the pencil be only momentarily brought into contact with the paper a dot will be produced.

It is clear, then, that if we have the power of keeping the pencil for any determinate time in contact with the paper, or of making it only momentarily touch the paper, we shall be enabled to produce lines and dots in any required succession; and by suspending the action of the pencil, we can leave blank space of any desired length between such combinations of lines and dots.

It is easy, therefore, to imagine how a conventional alphabet may be formed by such combination of lines and dots.

To explain the operation of this system, let us suppose a person at New York desirous of sending a message to New Orleans. A wire of the usual kind connects the two places.

The end at New Orleans is coiled round a horse-shoe magnet. The end at New York can be put in communication with the galvanic trough, at the will of the person sending the message. The instant the communication is established, the horse-shoe of soft iron at New Orleans becomes magnetic, it attracts the small lever, and presses the pencil against the paper.

12

The moment the operator at New York detaches the wire from the trough, the horse-shoe at New Orleans loses its magnetic power, and the pencil drops from the paper. It is clear that the operator at New York, by putting the wire in contact with the trough, and detaching it, and by maintaining the contact for longer or shorter intervals, can make the pencil at New Orleans act upon the paper, as already described, so as to make upon it dots and lines of determinate length combined in any manner he may desire, and separated by any desired intervals.

In a word, the operator at New York can write a letter with a pencil and paper which are at New Orleans.

the appearance of the myriads of wretched creatures whom the potato-rot and the cholera drove from Ireland across the Atlantic, that they issued stringent regulations, not only against the admission of persons suffering from contagious diseases, but against cripples and deformed people. Although the State of New York does not positively prohibit the immigration of the helpless, disabled, and deformed, it renders the captain of every emigrant vessel which brings them over liable to a penalty of $75 for every such immigrant, and holds him responsible for the for three years every such person, sustenance of clear, without burdening the charities, public or private, of the city of New York. The only exProvision, in such an arrangement is made, ception made is in the case of deformed or helpso that the motion of the paper does not begin less immigrants, who belong to families already A poll tax, or commutation until the message is about to be commenced, and settled in America, and who will undertake the ceases when the message is written. This is ea- charge of them. sily accomplished by the same principle as has money, of a dollar and a half per passenger, is been already described in the case of the bell, also levied upon all immigrants, the proceeds of which gives notice to the attendant in the Euro- which are devoted to the support of the hospitals pean telegraph. The cylinders which conduct the of New York. The captain of every emigrant band of paper are moved by wheel-work, and a ship had formerly to sign a bond for the support, weight properly regulated. Their motion is im-without charge on the public charity, for three parted by a detent detached by the action of the magnet, and which stops the motion when the magnet loses its virtue.

(To be continued.)

From the special Correspondent of the Morning Chronicle.
DEPARTURE OF EMIGRANT VESSELS.

The

full years, of every steerage passenger whom he brought over; but the obligation was never enforced, and became, in fact, a dead letter. regulation has since been abolished, and the commutation money has been raised from one dollar, its former amount, to one dollar and a half, at which it is now fixed. In consequence of these regulations, a supplementary inspection of the emigrants by the medical officer of the ship takes place as soon after the ship has left the docks as the list of the passengers can be called over.

The Passenger Act of the 12th and 13th Victoria, besides specifying the berth-room, general accommodation, and stock of provisions for each It sometimes happens that a ship cannot sail passenger, regulates in a variety of ways the obon the advertised day, either because she has not servances to be adopted for the health and comfort of emigrants prior and subsequent to sailing. taken in her cargo, or because she has room for No passenger ship is allowed to proceed to sea until additional emigrants, or because the weather a medical practitioner, approved by the emigration may be adverse. In this case, should the pasofficer of the port, shall have inspected the medi-sengers themselves be ready to embark, they cine chest and passengers, and certified that the medicines, &c., are sufficient, and that the emigrants are free from all contagious disease. For this service the medical practitioner receives a fee of a guinea per 100 passengers. The first business, therefore, that the intending emigrant has to perform, after paying his passage-money, is to present himself at the medical inspector's office. Having done this, and been passed as free from disease, his ticket is stamped to show that he has undergone inspection. Three lists of all the passengers are made out;-one for the The Waterloo Dock is the principal station of government emigration agent, one for the custom-house, and one for the ship. But the in- the American liners in the port of Liverpool. A spection alluded to is not the only medical exam-description of the departure of one or two of ination the emigrant has to undergo. The city and state of New York, as well as Boston, Philadelphia, and other ports, have become very particular as to the kind of emigrants they will permit to land. They were so much alarmed by

are entitled to recover from the owner, charterer, or master of the ship, "subsistence money," at the rate of one shilling a day each. Should the detention be solely caused by wind and weather, and the passengers be maintained on board with the same provisions and water as if they were at sea, the subsistence money is not payable. In consequence of the regulation of the Liverpool Dock Trust, which prohibits the use of fire and light on board of ships in the docks, these detentions are often the cause of considerable hardship to the poor people.

these vessels, and of the scenes on board, both in the Dock and in the Mersey, as well as an account of conversations held at various times with all classes of emigrants, may serve to convey an idea of that busy and interesting scene,

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