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IN THE SAME SERIES.

ON THE STUDY AND DIFFICULTIES OF MATHEMATICS. By AuGUSTUS DE MORGAN. Entirely new edition, with portrait of the author, index, and annotations, bibliographies of modern works on algebra, the philosophy of mathematics, pan-geometry, etc. Pp., 288. Cloth, $1.25 (5S.). LECTURES ON ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS. By JOSEPH LOUIS LAGRANGE. Translated from the French by Thomas J. McCormack. With photogravure portrait of Lagrange, notes, biography, marginal analyses, etc. Only separate edition in French or English. Pages, 172. Cloth, $1.00 (55.).

HISTORY OF ELEMENTARY MATHEMATICS. BY DR. KARL FINK, late Professor in Tübingen. Translated from the German by Prof. Wooster Woodruff Beman and Prof. David Eugene Smith. (In preparation.)

THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING CO.

324 DEARBORN ST., Chicago.

AND

RECREATIONS

BY

HERMANN SCHUBERT

PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN THE JOHANNEUM, HAMBURG, GERMANY

FROM THE GERMAN BY

THOMAS J. MCCORMACK

CHICAGO

THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING COMPANY

LONDON: Kegan Paul, Trench, Truebner & Co.

1898

COPYRIGHT BY

THE OPEN COURT PUBLISHING Co.

1899

TRANSLATOR'S NOTE.

THE

`HE mathematical essays and recreations in this volume are by one of the most successful teachers and text-book writers of Germany. The monistic construction of arithmetic, the systematic and organic development of all its consequences from a few thoroughly established principles, is quite foreign to the general run of American and English elementary text-books, and the first three essays of Professor Schubert will, therefore, from a logical and esthetic side, be full of suggestions for elementary mathematical teachers and students, as well as for non-mathematical readers. For the actual detailed development of the system of arithmetic here sketched, we may refer the reader to Professor Schubert's volume Arithmetik und Algebra, recently published in the Göschen-Sammlung (Göschen, Leipsic),— an extraordinarily cheap series containing many other unique and valuable textbooks in mathematics and the sciences.

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The remaining essays on "Magic Squares,' The Fourth Dimension," and "The History of the Squaring of the Circle," will be found to be the most complete generally accessible accounts in English, and to have, one and all, a distinct educational and ethical lesson.

In all these essays, which are of a simple and popular character, and designed for the general public, Professor Schubert has incorporated much of his original research.

La Salle, Ill., December, 1898.

THOMAS J. MCCORMACK.

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