MADELEINE de France. Vander Werff p. P. a Gunst. sc. h. sh.

Magdalen, eldest daughter of Francis I. a woman of an elegant person, but a sickly constitution, espoused James V. 1 Jan. 1537. The marriage was celebrated at Paris with such pomp and magnificence as had scarcely ever been displayed on the like occasion in France.* This young queen died of a fever on the 22d of July the same year. James espoused to his second wife Mary of Lorrain, dutchess dowager of Longueville.

MARY, &c. queen of Scotland; a small oval, belonging to a set of Scottish kings.

MARIE de Lorraine. Vander Werff p. P. a Gunst. sc. in Larrey's "History."

MARY, &c. in Pinkerton's "Scotch History." Harding sc.

There is a head of her at Newbottle, the Marquis of Lothian's, a few miles from Edinburgh.

Mary, queen of James V. and after his demise regent of Scotland, was a woman of superior understanding, and of an elevated spirit. Her great qualities were happily tempered with the gentle and the amiable; and she was as engaging as a woman, as she was awful as a queen. But her attachment to her brothers, the princes of Lorrain, who were rarely checked by conscience in the career of their ambition, unfortunately betrayed her into some acts of rigour and oppression, that ill suited the gentleness of her nature, and which ended in her being deprived of the regency. Towards the close of her life, she saw and deplored the errors of her conduct; the effects of private affection coinciding with zeal for religion,

• See an account of the marriage, and a list of the many rich presents made by Francis to James, in Guthrie's" Hist. of Scotland," vol. v. p. 165, 166.

+ Keith, in his "History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland," says, that "by her gracious deportment the little time she was among us, she had so gained the hearts and affections of persons of all ranks and conditions, that her death was much lamented; and, for a testimony of their sorrow, they put on mourning; which, as Mr. Buchanan judges, was the first time that mourning clothes were worn in Scotland." It seems as if this custom was first brought thither from France.

Sometimes called Mary of Guise. The family of Guise was a branch of that of Lorrain.

which prompted her to break the common ties of morality, and the faith which she owed her subjects. Ob. 10. Jun. 1560.

Her daughter Mary, born in an evil hour, lived to experience the advantages and the miseries of royalty in a still more exquisite degree than her mother.

CLASS II.

GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE, AND OF
THE HOUSEHOLD.

SIR THOMAS CROMWELL, &c.

Holbein p.

engraved by Peacham, author of the "Complete Gentleman." This print is very rare.

p.

SIR THOMAS CROMWELL, knt. Holbein The bottom was etched by Hollar; 4to.

THOMAS CROMWELL, comes Essexiæ. H. Holbein p. R. White sc. h. sh. This nearly resembles the portrait of Sir Thomas More in the Picture Gallery at Oxford, which was done by Mrs. Mary More.

THOMAS CROMWELL, earl of Essex. Holbein p. Houbraken sc. Illust. Head. In the possession of Mr. Southwell, at King's Weston, near Bristol.

There is a mezzotinto, in 4to. by Manwaring, copied from this print.

THOMAS CROMWELLUS; in the "Heroologia;" 8vo. THOMAS CROMWELL. J. Filian sc. 4to.

THOMAS CROMWELL, earl of Essex; in Harding's Shakspeare. Holbein pin. L. Schiavonetti sc.

THOMAS CROMWELL, earl of Essex; in Smollett's History." (R. Strange sc.)

THOMAS CROMWELL, earl of Essex. W. Hall sc. 1815. From the original, by Holbein, in the collection of Sir Tho. Clifford, bart. in Mr. Lodge's " Illustrious Portraits."

CROMWELL, Vicegerent; in Larrey's "History.”

Thomas Cromwell was the son of a blacksmith at Putney, and some time served as a soldier in Italy under the Duke of Bourbon. He was afterward secretary to Cardinal Wolsey, and ingratiated himself with Henry VIII. by discovering that the clergy were privately absolved from their oath to him, and sworn anew to the pope. This discovery furnished the king with a pretence for the suppression of monasteries, in which Cromwell was a principal instrument. The king, whose favours, as well as his mercies, were cruel, raised him to a most envied pitch of honour and preferment, a little before his fall. He first amused him with an agreeable prospect, and then pushed him down a precipice. Cromwell, as vicegerent, had the precedence of all the great officers of state. Beheaded July 28, 1540.*

See a de

THOMAS MORE, lord-chancellor. scription of his portrait with the lawyers, in Class VI., which I have assigned for the chancellors, as almost all of them owed their preferment to the law.

THOMAS HOWARD, dux et comes Norfolciæ, &c. comes marescallus, summus thesaurarius, et admirallus Angliæ, &c. Et. 66. Ob. 1554. In a furred gown, holding the staves of earl-marshal and lord-treaHolbein p. Vorsterman sc. h. sh.↑

surer.

The original, from which this fine print was done, is in the col

In Stow's "Survey,” p. 187, edit. 1633, is a remarkable instance of bis rapine, in seizing on another's property, which shews that he forgot himself after his elevation. But the story of his gratitude to Frescobald, a Florentine merchant, who had been extremely charitable to him when a poor foot-soldier in Italy, and was nobly rewarded when he found him, many years afterward, in a distressful condition, in the streets of London, tells greatly to his honour. See Hakewil's " Apologie," p. 435, edit. 1630.

+ The plate engraved by Vorsterman was lately discovered. The print was before very scarce.

lection which belonged to the late Princess Dowager of Wales. There is a copy of it at Gorhambury, the seat of Lord Grimston.

There is a wood print of him, with an ornamented border, large 4to. or small h. sh.

THOMAS HOWARD, duke of Norfolk; in Larrey's History." V. Gunst sc.

THOMAS HOWARD, duke of Norfolk; in Harding's Shakspeare, 1791. Scheneker sc.

This venerable peer, who, almost every year of his life since he had been honoured with that dignity,* distinguished himself by his faithful services to the crown, was very near being sacrificed, in his old age, to the peevish jealousy of Henry VIII. who, in his last illness, entertained an opinion that the family of the Howards were too aspiring. He was tried, and found guilty of high-treason, for bearing arms which his ancestors had publicly borne before, and which himself had often borne in the king's presence. His execution was prevented by the death of the king. When he was above eighty years of age, he appeared, with his usual spirit, at the head of a body of forces, and helped to suppress Wyatt's rebellion.

EDWARDUS STAFFORD, Dux Buckingham, &c. Coll. Maria Magdal. Fund". 1519. Faber f. 1714; one of the Cambridge Founders.

EDWARD STAFFORD, duke of Buckingham, hereditary high-constable of England; in Harding's Shakspeare. L. Schiavonetti sc. after Holbein.

EDWARD STAFFORD, duke of Buckingham; with a view of Magdalen College. E. Harding sc. in Wilson's "Cambridge."

EDWARD STAFFORD, duke of Buckingham; in Birch's "Lives." J. Houbraken sc. It is there, by mistake, engraved Henry D. of Buckingham.

* He was for his merit created Earl of Surrey, 5 Hen. VIII.

Edward, duke of Buckingham, son of Henry Stafford, who was beheaded in the reign of Richard III, was restored to his father's honours and estate. He was a distinguished favourite of Henry VIII. whom he attended in his interview with Francis I. and seemed to vie with those monarchs in pomp and splendour. When he was in the height of his glory, his fall was precipitated by some, who are supposed to have regarded him with a jealous eye; and the suspicion fell chiefly upon Wolsey.* He was accused of treasonable practices, with a view of succeeding to the crown; in consequence of a prophecy of one Hopkins, a monk, who foretold that Henry would die without issue male. He was declared guilty, and executed on Tower-hill the 17th of May, 1521. He was the last who enjoyed the settled post of lord high-constable of England; an office which, from the power wherewith it was attended, was alone sufficient to give umbrage to so jealous a prince as Henry VIII.

HENRICUS GULDEFORDE, controrotulator hospitii, &c. Holbein p. Hollar f. 1647. Collar of the garter, white staff; small 4to.

In Lord Stafford's gallery is, or was, a portrait of him by Holbein. From this original the following head was engraved. It is in Dr. Knight's "Life of Erasmus."

HENRY GULdeforde.

Vertue sc. A small oval.

SIR HENRY GULDEFORDE; from the Royal Collection. Holbein. F. Bartolozzi sc.

SIR HENRY GULDEFORDE. Holbein. Dalton sc.

SIR HENRY GULDEFORDE. Holbein, with ornaments in the escutcheon on the cap. Dalton sc.

SIR HENRY GULDEFORDE. W. Richardson.

Dod, in his "Church History of England," informs us, that Wolsey, who longed to supplant his rival favourite, either from vanity or insolence, dipped his fingers in the basin which the duke had just before held to the king while he washed his hands upon which he poured the water into the cardinal's shoes. This so provoked the haughty prelate, that he threatened to sit upon his skirts: which menace occasioned his having no skirts to his coat when he next appeared in the royal presence. The king asking the reason of this singular appearance, he, with an air of pleasantry, told him, that it was only to disappoint the cardinal, by putting it out of his power to do as he had threatened.

Vol. i.

p. 165,

166.