yds. 13 ft. 230 in.; 31 cub. yds. 25 ft. 1000 in.; 20 cub. ft. 1421 in.; 65 cub. yds. 1700 in.; and 28 cub. yds. 12 ft. 385 in. (29) Find the sum of 73 ac. 4021 yds. 6 ft. 100 in.; 25 ac. 345 yds. 3 ft. 28 in.; 12 ac. 3126 yds. 5 ft. 20 ac. 25 yds. 32 in.; and 120 ac. 224 yds. 5 ft. 50 in. 42 in.; (30) Find the value of 14 lun. mths. 3 wks. 5 dys. 13 hrs + 18 mths. 2 wks. 4 dys. 8 min. 24 secs. + 6 mths. 2 wks. 2 dys. 15 hrs. 27 sec. + 20 mths. I wk. 6 dys. 20 hrs. 13 min. 25 sec. +3 wks. 21 min. 50 sec. + 2 mths. 26 min. +2 wks. 9 min. 54 sec. Ι COMPOUND SUBTRACTION. 11.-COMPOUND SUBTRACTION is the operation of finding the difference of two quantities, which are expressed in the same weight or measure. RULE. Arrange the quantities as in Addition, the less being placed below the greater; and subtract each denomination separately, beginning with the lowest. If in any column the upper number be less than the lower; borrow a unit of the next higher denomination, by adding to the upper number so many of that denomination as make one of the next higher; and as in Simple Subtraction, carry on this 1 to the next column. (16) From 28 guins. 138. 6d. take 12 guins. 148. 44d. (17) From 25 tons 13 cwt. 3 qrs. 15 lbs. 12 OZS. 5 drs. take 17 tons 7 cwt. 2 qrs. 17 lb. 6 oz. 10 drs. (18) Take 14 lbs. 7 oz. 12 dwt. 19 grs. from 20 lbs. 3 oz. 12 dwts. 22 grs. (19) From a field of 22 ac. 3 rds. 27 ples., 10 ac. I rd. 30 ples. are cut off, how much is left? (20) Take 3 wks. 5 dys. 20 hrs. 12 min. 23 sec. from 5 wks. 5 dys. 12 hrs. 7 min. 45 SEC. (21) From 12 lb. 9 oz. 6 drs. 2 sc. 16 grs. subtract 2 lb. II OZ. 3 drs. 2 Sc. 18 grs. (22) Subtract 17 cwt. 3 qrs. 5 lbs. 12 drs. from 2 tons 3 cwt. 2 qrs. 10 OZ. 14 drs. (23) How much must be added to £24 38. 81⁄2d. to make £30 58.? (24) What will be left of £5 after £2 18. 3åd. has been paid away? (25) How much less than a ton is 18 cwt. 3 qrs. 5 lbs. 13 OZ. 14 drs.? (26) Find the difference between 21 qrs. 5 bus, 1 pk. I gal. 2 qts. I pt. and 25 qrs. 3 pks. 3 qts. (27) 22 gals. 3 qts. 1 pt. are left in a cistern containing 30 gals. 2 qts., how much has been taken out? (28) Find the value of £120 138. 4d. - £92 158. 1åd. (29) Subtract 32 cub. yds. 13 ft. 1600 in. from 39 cub. yds. 17 ft. 1400 in. (30) Take 13 ac. 353 yds. 2 ft. 10 in. from 20 acres. COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION. 12.-COMPOUND MULTIPLICATION is the operation of finding the amount of a quantity taken any number of times, when the quantity is expressed in several denominations. RULES. (a). Multiply each denomination separately, beginning with the lowest, and reduce the product to the next higher. Set down the number of the lower denomination which remains in the reduction, and carry on to the next product the number of the higher. Ex. (1) Multiply £13 148. 74d. by 9. 123 II 7 Ans. 148. × 9 = 1268., and with the 5 added = 1318. £6 IIS. Then 13 × 9 = £117, and with the £6 added = £123. (b) If the multiplier be the product of two numbers neither of which exceed 12, multiply the given quantity by one of the numbers, and the resulting product by the other. Ex. (2) Multiply 3 tons 12 cwt. 2 qrs. 17 lbs. by 56. (c). Multiplication by large numbers should be performed by the first rule (a), and arranged as in the following example: Ex. (3) Multiply 37 lbs. 10 oz. 13 dwts. 16 grs. by 239. Multiplication by large numbers may also be effected by the following method, which is however generally longer than that given above. The example is the same as that given above. D Here (a) is 10 x 10 x 2, i. e. 200, times, the given quantity; (b) is 10 × 3, i, e. 30, times; (c) is 9 times; therefore their sum is 239 times of it. N.B. It should be noticed that the multiplier cannot be a concrete number. There would be no meaning to be attached to such an expression as multiplying pounds by shillings, tons by pounds, &c. (16) 23 lbs. 3 OZ. (19) £49 38. 43d. × 54. (22) 3 tons 4 cwt. 3 qrs. 5 lbs. 6 oz. x 72. (23) 5 miles 7 fur. 123 yds. × 42. |