110 26. The longitude of Cambridge is 4h. 44′ 17′′, and that of Phíladelphia, 5h. O' 43"; how many degrees difference. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS. CASE 1. 4° 6' 30" Ans. Having the price of any number of yards, pounds, &c. which is within the pence table, or is a composite number, to find the price of one yard, pound, &c. use the following rule. If the quantity do not exceed 12, proceed by setting down the price, and dividing it by the quantity; which quotient will be the price of one yard, required; but if the quantity exceed 12, then divide by such numbers, as, when multiplied together, will produce the quantity, and the last quotient will be the value of 1 yard, required. el? EXAMPLES. 1. If 9 yards of cloth cost £4 3s. 74d. what is it per yard? £ s. d. 94 3 7 09 31 Ans. 2. If 7 ells cost £5 17s. 5d. what cost 1 ell? Ans. 16s. 94d. 5. If 84 cows cost £253 133. what is the 6. If 132 bushels of corn cost £20 12s. 6d. Ans. £3 Os. 43d. what is that per bush Ans. 3s. 14d. 7. If 11 sheep cost $25.63c. what is the price of each? Ans. $2.33c. 8. If 84 cows cost $863.52c. what is the price of one? Ans. $10.28c. 9. If 132 bushels of corn cost $66 what is the price of a bushel? Ans. 50c. Note. If there be a remainder after the division by one of the parts of a composite number before the last, that remainder must be divided according to the rule for division of fractions, as in the following example. 10. If 35 yards cost £37 118 what is the price of one yard? 35=5X7 £ S. 5)37.. 11 7) 7.. 10. 1 5 133qr. Ans. In dividing the farthings by 7, there is a remainder of 63qrs. Now 64 which is to be divided by 7 to obtain the whole answer. 3, and 7=33, which must be annexed to farthing in the last quotient. 11. If 42 bushels of wheat cost $48.57c. what costs one bushel? Ans. $1.15c. 12. What do I pay a pound for cotton, when 99lbs. cost £6 2s. 4d. Ans. 1s. 28 d. CASE II. : Having the price of a hundred weight, to find the price of 1 Divide the given price by 8, that quotient by 7, and this quofient by 2, and the last quotient will be the price of 1 # required." EXAMPLES. 1. If 1 cwt. of flax cost £2 7s. 8d. what is that per 8) £2 7s. 8d. 7)0 5 111 2)0 0 10d.0 qr. 0 0 5d. price of 1 pound. 2. At £3 10s. per cwt. what cost 1b? CASE III. Ans. 7 d. Ans 1s. 1d. Ans. 7s. 74d. Ans. 5c. Ans. 2c. 9,5m. ? Ans. $1.394c. Having the price of several hundred weight, to find the price per : Divide the whole price by the number of hundreds, which will give the price per cwt. and then proceed as in the last Case. EXAMPLES. 1. If 5 cwt. of sugar cost £13 8s. 4d. what is that per ? 5) £13 8s. 4d. 0 0 5 price of 1. 2. If 8 cwt. cocoa cost £15 178. 4d. what is that per 3. If 31 cwt. of sugar cost £9 17s. 2d. what is that ? Ans. 418. per t? Ans. 6d. 4. If 13 cwt. of cotton wool cost £6 10s. 8d. what is that per 达 Ans. 8d. 5. If 3 cwt. of raisins cost $50.52c. what cost 1 ? $ 8)16.84 7) 2.105 2) .300$ .15c.0m. 6. If 34 cwt. cost $17.56c. what is one it? 7. If 11 cwt. cost $87.33c. what cost 1 ? 8. If 31 cwt cost $3.64, what cost 1 ? Ans. 1c. Note. This Case proves the 6th in Compound Multiplication. CASE IV. Having the price of any number of yards. &c. to find the price of 1 yard: Divide the price by the quantity, beginning at the highest denomination, and, if any thing remain, reduce it into the next, and every inferiour denomination, and, at each reduction, divide as before, remembering each time. to add the odd shillings, pence, &c. if there be any, and you will have the value of unity required. Note. If there be, or of a yard, pound, &c. multiply both the price and quantity by 4, and then proceed as above directed; or, in federal money, work by decimals. } EXAMPLES. 1: If 951 of figs cost $55 59c. 33. what are they per #? Produces 382 for a divisor. Product £66 14 3 for a dividend. 382)66 14 3 (0 3 533 per b. per 2. If 147 bushels of rye cost £47 12s. 6d. what is it bushAns. 6s. 53d. el? 95 133 3. If 331 yards of baize cost £25 13s. 94d. what is it per yard? Ans. 15s. 51d. 5. 4. If 147lbs. cost $158 76c. what is the price of 1 pound? Ans. $1 8c. 5. Bought 331yds. of cloth for $85 63c. 2m.; what did I pay a yard? Ans. $2 57c. 5m. Note. This proves the 3d and 4th Cases in Multiplication. PRACTICAL QUESTIONS IN MONEY. £273 9s. 4d. 1. Divide {$911 55c. 5m. } among 5 men and 4 women, and £ s. d. £ s. d. give the men twice as much as the women. Men. Women. 5 and 4 Divide by 14)273 9 4(19 10 8=1 woman's share. Mult. by 2 - 10 shares. Add 4 women's shares. 14 4 women. 133 78 2 8 women's share. 126 2. Divide £120 17s. 4d. among 7 men and 7 women, and give the women 3 times so much as the men. Ans. £4 6s 4d. a man's share. £12 19s.a woman's share. 3. Divide £39 12s. 5d. among 4 men, 6 women, and 9 boys: Give each man double to a woman, and each woman double to a boy. Ans. £1 1s. 5d. a boy's share. £2 2s. 10d.a woman's share. £4 5s. 8d.a man's ditto. 4. Divide 5 guineas among 8 men :-Give A 8d. more than B, and B 8d. more than C, &c. Ans. H's share=15s. 2d. REDUCTION OF COINS. RULES for reducing the Federal Coin, and the currencies of the several United States; also English, Irish, Canada, Nova-Scotia, Livres Tournois and Spanish milled Dollars, each to the par of all the others.* • The Rules for the reduction of money depends upon the relative value of the currency of different States, &c. This value is given in the several rules. Thus 4 pounds of the currency of New York and North Carolina, are equal to 3 pounds of New England and Virginia; 4 of New England and Virginia, are equal to 3 of England; 4 of New England &c. are equal to 5 of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, &c.; and I pound of New England. &c. is equal to seven ninths of a pound of South Carolina and Georgia, and thus of the others. The rules are therefore obvious. In some cases, the process is contracted, and the contraction is given for the rule, because the operation is simplified. Thus the first rule is equivalent to multiplying the pounds and decimals by 20 and dividing the product by 6, the shillings in a dollar. But as 2016, the sun is multiplied by 10 in removing the separatrix one figure to the right, before the division by 3 is made. The relative value of a, depends on the number of shillings reckoned to the dollar,-the greater the number of shillings in a dollar, the less the £, and the reverse. 3 |