Dantzick with its territory was taken from the Prussian monarchy. Russia, by the special grace of Napoleon, gained a portion of territory upon the borders of the Bug and the Narew, and was thus aggrandized at the expense of that sovereign, in whose animosity against France she had participated.

Besides these cessions of territory, the king of Prussia had to pay such enormous contributions, that his finances were exhausted; and his provinces, in consequence of their long occupation by the French troops, were in a deplorable situation. Alexander and Frederick William solemnly acknowledged the new kings of Naples, Holland, and Westphalia.

The king of Sweden having renewed his hostility, the whole of Swedish Pomerania, Stralsund, and the island of Rugen, were soon in the power of the French under Marshal Brune.

The emperor Napoleon quitted Tilsit about the middle of July for Warsaw, and went from thence to Dresden. On the 24th, he made his triumphal entry into Frankfort, the capital of the states of the prince primate of the confederation of the Rhine; and on the 27th, at five in the morning, he was upon his return to his palace at St. Cloud. On the following day, at eleven, he received in succession the congratulations of the senate, the tribunate, and the legislative corps, the clergy of Paris, and other bodies.

On the 23d of August, 1807, the marriage of Prince Jerome, the new king of Westphalia, with the Princess Catherine of Wirtemburg, was celebrated.

About the beginning of August, French troops were collected at Bayonne, to compel the Portuguese to shut their ports against the English; and in the middle of October, they were on their march under General Junot.

The prince of the Brazils, his family, his court, and his ministers, had all embarked from Lisbon for South America on the 28th in the morning. On the 29th, General Junot entered Lisbon at eight o'clock. The grenadiers and voltigeurs were so fatigued with their previous marches, that they could not regulate their pace by the sound of the drum, whilst passing through the streets of this immense city, which at that time contained a population of three hundred thousand souls, and fourteen thousand regular troops.

On the 15th of December, the French army had happily recovered from its fatigues, and general measures had been adopted for the common safety. The French colours were ordered by General Junot to be hoisted upon the forts, the castle of Belem, and the principal batteries at Lisbon, in the room of the Portuguese. This event, so unexpected by the people of that city, excited a sensation so much the more lively, as, according to popular prejudice, the national flag was looked upon as a gift from the Son of God, the Redeemer of man.

CHAPTER III.

Reflections upon the Decline of Napoleon's military FortuneSituation of Spain-Intrigues of Don M. Godoy-Ferdinand, Charles IV. and his Family inveigled to Bayonne-Proclamation to the Spanish Nation-Battle of Baylen-New Preparations for the War-Napoleon arrives at Burgos-The Spanish Armies defeated at Espinosa, &c.-Attack of the Somo Sierra -Arrival of the French Army near Madrid-Madrid surrendered-Proclamation by Napoleon to the Spaniards.

We are now arrived at an epoch in the life of Napoleon, from which we may fairly date the decline of his military fortune: this was the unjust war with Spain. This country, it must be allowed, was heartily tired of its alliance with France, resulting from the treaty concluded at Fontainebleau on the 26th of October, 1807. Its navy was almost annihilated; its ports were shut by the English: besides these inconveniences, the Spanish government had to pay an annual subsidy of six millions to Napoleon, during the war, in lieu of some other engagements stipulated by that treaty. When Prussia, excited by England, and supported by Russia, declared war against France, Godoy, the Spanish minister and favourite, not ignorant of the secret inclinations of Austria, hoped to see all Europe again joined in a coalition against France, and almost persuaded himself that he already saw the approaching ruin of the man, to whose car he had attached himself during his prosperity. minister, then wishing in secret to join the cause that he expected would triumph, addressed a vehement proclamation to the Spaniards, in the name of

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his sovereign, which failed in its effect, precisely because it had been dictated by Godoy.

Napoleon was informed of this act of imprudence whilst on the field of battle at Jena, about sunset on the 14th of October, 1806; but did not then seem to think it of any importance. Perhaps he' was not sorry that Godoy, the favourite, had furnished him with a pretext, sooner or later, for depriving the Bourbons of the Spanish crown, as he had already acted in this manner by the king of Naples.

This Spanish proclamation, published on the 3d of October, 1806, began to circulate in Spain just after the arrival of the news of the battle of Jena. Godoy then felt the weight of his imprudence, and thought to repair his fault, by sending an ambassador extraordinary to felicitate Napoleon upon his new triumph. Being questioned upon the object of his proclamation, Godoy answered, that the apprehension of an immediate attack on the coasts of Spain by the emperor of Morocco, seconded by the English, had excited this appeal, and the extraordinary armaments that were to follow; but Napoleon could not be induced to listen a moment to an excuse so ridiculous.

A decided misunderstanding had long existed between Godoy and the heir presumptive of the Spanish crown; by some attributed to the indignation that had been excited in the mind of young Ferdinand by the scandalous elevation of a favourite without talents or virtue, and the overbearing ascendency which he exercised over the king and queen, not to mention the partiality he had shown for France. Charles IV. at length becoming seriously indisposed, a rumour was spread that Godoy

had obtained a promise from him to be the regent of the kingdom, in case of Charles's demise, from whence the malignity of his enemies inferred the probability of the assassination of young Ferdinand, who, being alarmed, wrote a letter with his own hand, on the 11th of October, to Napoleon, requesting to be married to a princess of his family, without acquainting the king of that correspondence. This was afterwards made use of by Godoy to the prejudice of the prince, who, it seems, would certainly have fallen a victim to the intrigues of Godoy and his party had not Napoleon, by his address, and for the furtherance of his own views on the country, got the king, queen, and prince, and the whole party, into his power at Bayonne. On the 30th of April, the king and the queen mother arrived at that place. Godoy had preceded them four days, having been released from his confinement in the chateau of Villa Viciosa, and conducted to Bayonne by one of the aide-decamp of Murat.

Ferdinand, when at Bayonne, being anxious to know the intentions of Napoleon with regard to him, the emperor, on the second audience that he gave him, declared that Charles IV. having abdicated in consequence of a popular commotion at Aranjuez, and this monarch having protested against that act, obtained from him by violence, the French sovereign could not acknowledge its validity, nor bestow upon the prince of the Asturias an illegal title. The Spaniards, who accompanied the prince, were struck with consternation at this declaration, and the prince himself deeply regretted that he had not taken the advice of his friends at Burgos, not to put himself into the hands of an enemy to the