A cadet's initial deposit, together with his salary, is sufficient to meet his actual needs at the academy. It is not sufficient, however, to meet, in addition, the expenses of leaves of absence, especially if these involve considerable travel.

Obtaining money from outside sources is regarded with disfavor, unless it be for the purpose of liquidating indebtedness at the cadet store or of defraying the expenses of a leave of absence.

UNIFORM AND SUPPLIES

52. Cadets are required to wear the prescribed uniform. All articles for their uniform are of a designated pattern, and are sold to cadets at West Point at regulated prices.

Candidates should bring with them the following-named articles, minimum number indicated: Hairbrush, nailbrush, toothbrush, comb, 8 drawers (summer), 12 handkerchiefs (white), 4 nightshirts or pajamas, 8 socks (black cotton), 6 bath towels, 6 face towels, 1 trunk locker or steamer trunk, 8 undershirts (summer), whisk broom, razor and shaving materials, winter underwear (optional), and 1 pair of high black shoes in good condition, properly fitted, and of comfortable size.

ACADEMIC DUTIES

53. There are two terms of academic instruction: September 1-December 23, and January 2-June 4. A semiannual examination is held December 26-31, and an annual examination June 5-12. At the December examination cadets who are found to be proficient in subjeets they have completed during the preceding term are arranged according to merit in each subject. At the June examination they are similarly arranged and they are also assigned general standing in the class as determined by their standings in the various subjects. When a subject of study is completed during a term an examination concluding the work in that subject is sometimes held. Cadets deficient in studies at any examination are discharged from the academy unless for special reasons the academic board recommends otherwise. Cadets exceeding at any time the maximum number of demerits allowed for six months are reported to the academic board as deficient in conduct.

The courses of instruction in the various departments are outlined in the following pages.

1.

DEPARTMENT OF TACTICS

54. New cadets.--New cadets report for duty at the Military Academy on July They are quartered separately from the corps and are given intensive training in Infantry recruit instruction and military courtesies, and a course of corrective and upbuilding physical training.

After approximately one month of the above training the new cadets join the corps for military formations, but remain in their separate quarters. The remainder of the first summer is devoted to basic training in the technique of Infantry and Field Artillery.

At the end of the first summer the fourth class (new cadets) is fully incorporated into the corps. The military training during the remainder of the year carries on the basic instruction in Infantry and Field Artillery.

Third class. The military training in the third-class year continues the basic instruction, taking up Coast Artillery, riding and Cavalry training, signal communications, field engineering, and motors.

Second class. The second class is absent during the summer. The remainder of the year is utilized to complete and review the basic instruction of the first two years and to take up the subject of minor tactics.

First class. The first class year is devoted primarily to developing qualities of command, instruction in minor tactics of separate and combined arms, and imparting information of a general nature that officers should have. In other words, the basic training having been completed, cadets are now given the necessary instruction to fit them to exercise the functions of the lowest grade of any branch in which they may be commissioned, with particular attention to methods of training.

All classes. Instruction in swimming and dancing begins in the fourth-class year and continues for each cadet until he is declared proficient. Practical instruction in fencing, gymnastic exercises, boxing, wrestling, swimming, and all forms of athletics is given to all classes.

Instruction in equitation is given to the first, second, and third classes throughout the academic year.

Special emphasis is given musketry, and each cadet is required to fire qualification courses with rifle and pistol. The purpose of this work is twofold:. (1) To develop good shots and (2) to give instruction in methods of training.

55. Surveying.--The course in surveying is required of all cadets of the fourth class. It comprises 40 periods in the spring term.

The instruction is both theoretical and practical. The theoretical instruction includes the theory and use of chain and tape, compass, transit and stadia, level and level rod, orientation, triangulation, profile and differential leveling, computation and plotting, and the surveying methods applicable to map making. A short time is devoted to the theory and application of the slide rule, which is used in calculations.

The practical instruction consists in the use of the surveying instruments in making maps, laying out of roads, staking out buildings for construction, and laying out of camps.

Textbooks: Surveying, by Breed & Hosmer; The Slide Rule, by Alexander. Civil engineering.--This course is required of all cadets of the first class. It comprises 95 periods, beginning October 26.

The instruction is theoretical, being illustrated by lectures and engineering models. It includes the mechanics of engineering and the application of the principles of engineering to engineering structures, as dams, walls, roads, railways, bridges, water supply, etc.

Engineering, by Fiebeger.

Textbook: Civil A special course in bridge design is given in 10 periods of the spring term to those cadets who have shown a marked proficiency in civil engineering. Textbook: Structural Steel Drafting and Elementary Design, by Conklin. Mechanical engineering. This course is required of all cadets of the first It comprises 60 periods, beginning about the middle of the spring term. The instruction is theoretical, being illustrated by lectures and mechanical engineering models, and by visits to the power plants of the post. It includes the elements of mechanism, sources and utilization of mechanical power, theory of engines, and methods of power transmission.

class.

Textbooks: Power and Power Transmission, by Kerr; Motor Vehicles, by Frazer and Jones.

Fortifications. This course is required of all cadets of the first class. It comprises 24 periods in the spring term.

Four periods of instruction are devoted to study of the theory of fortifications; and the remainder of the course is devoted to lectures and practical problems in fortification. The theory includes the evolution of fortification and the principles of laying out and methods of construction of defenses; the problems are devoted principally to fortification by units not larger than a company; the lectures cover the history of the important field and permanent fortifications in past wars and the developments from one type to another, with the lessons learned from their use in war.

Textbooks: Elements of Fortification, by the department of engineering; Fortification, by the department of engineering.

Army engineering. This course is required of all cadets of the first class. It comprises 20 periods in the spring term.

The instruction is theoretical, and is illustrated with models of military engineering constructions.

The instruction is devoted to the application of the principles and practice of civil and mechanical engineering to military conditions. It comprises military mapping, military roads and railways, construction of military shelters, military ports and terminals, siege works, camouflage, demolitions, military bridges, and the applications of gas engines to the needs of the military service in different branches of the United States Army.

Textbook: Army Engineering, by the department of engineering.

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

SECOND CLASS

56. The course in natural and experimental philosophy extends throughout the second-class year. The slide rule, precision of measurements and graphical methods, elementary mechanics and properties of matter, wave motion, sound and light, in the order named, are taught during the first term. Technical mechanics is taught during the greater part of the second term. This subject is followed by short courses in hydraulics, aerodynamics, and general astronomy, in the order mentioned.

Numerous lectures by the head of the department and visiting scientists are given during the course. In addition to many demonstrations in the section rooms, approximately 30 formal laboratory experiments are performed.

In all there are 225 recitation periods, each of 1 hour and 25 minutes duration six attendances per week. Each laboratory period is of 2 hours duration.

The entire course in so far as the subjects undertaken are concerned, besides being of general educational value and training, is intended as a thorough preparation for engineering and technical subjects taught during the first-class year. A brief statement of the courses given and of the textbooks used follows:

FIRST TERM

The slide rule. Two periods only, based on "Notes on the Slide Rule" prepared in the department. This short course is intended as a refresher course following theoretical instruction given in another department during the fourthclass year. Following these two days' instruction on the practical use of the slide rule and after about two weeks' use in the section room, appropriate use of the slide rule for computations in the department is obligatory.

Precision of measurements and graphical methods.-Approximately eight periods are devoted to this subject, which is presented in "Notes on Precision of Measurements and Graphical Methods," prepared in the department and based on the

text "Precision of Measurements and Graphical Methods"-Goodwin, 1919 edition. In addition to the theoretical instruction, three or four laboratory exercises are presented in this subject.

General physics.-Seventy periods in all. The subjects of elementary mechanics, properties of matter, wave motion, sound and light, only, in general physics are assigned to this department. The text used is "General Physics"Ferry-and the subjects enumerated are given to the extent they are covered in that text. In addition numerous original problems are presented and solved. Laboratory apparatus is used for the qualitative demonstration of practically every principle covered in these subjects. Numerous formal laboratory exercises are likewise given as a part of this course.

Upon completion of the advance and partial review of the above-described work a written general review of approximately 15 periods is given, followed by the semiannual examination. This completes the work of the first term.

SECOND TERM

Technical mechanics.-Seventy periods. The text used is "Technical Mechanics"-Maurer. The upper part of the class takes the entire text. The lower part of the class omits certain selected problems and portions of the text, including articles 53 to 58. Numerous original problems are presented in addition to those given in the text. In connection with this subject several laboratory exercises of a more or less advanced nature are presented.

Hydraulics.-Approximately 20 periods. The text used is "Textbook on Hydraulics"-Russell. The upper part of the class takes the entire text. The lower part of the class usually omits Chapter IX and certain of the more difficult problems.

Aerodynamics.-Fifteen periods. "The Airplane"-Bedell, is used as a text and is supplemented by various Air Service information circulars, aeronautical magazines, and reports of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The entire text is taken, and is supplemented by approximately 40 original problems. Astronomy. Twelve periods. The text used is "An Introduction to Astronomy"-Moulton. This course is conducted as a combination reading and lecture course. A portion of each period is devoted to a lecture in which full use is made of astronomical slides. The remainder of the period is devoted to conferences and quizzes. The entire text is covered.

Upon completion of the advance and partial review of the work indicated above a written general review of approximately 12 periods is given, followed by the annual examination. This completes the work of the second term.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

THIRD AND FOURTH CLASSES

57. The course in mathematics begins with the fourth-class year and continues through the third-class year.

In the fourth-class year algebra is completed in alternation, first with geometry, then with trigonometry. Plane analytical geometry is begun.

In the third-class year plane and solid analytical geometry and descriptive geometry are completed in alternation. The calculus and least squares finish the course.

The course in algebra covers the entire subject as generally taught in college, but the student is expected already to have mastered elementary algebra to include the progressions and the solution of the quadratic equation. Elementary geometry includes the books that relate to the plane and those that relate to space, but the student is expected to have mastered the former. Trigonometry includes the complete solution of plane and spherical triangles. Analytical geometry includes the discussion of the general equation of the second degree in the plane and the particular forms of the equation of the second degree in space.

Descriptive geometry includes the orthographic projections of the right line, the plane, ruled surfaces and surfaces of revolution, tangent planes and intersection of surfaces. It also takes the subjects of shades and shadows, perspective, isometric projections and spherical projections.

The course in differential and integral calculus covers the ground of the usual college textbook, including briefly the subject of ordinary differential equations. The method of least squares, given to selected sections, includes the deduction of the facility curve, the formula for the error, and the distribution of error.