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5 London remits to Ireland 651/ 145 11d. sterling; how much Irish, must London be credited, exchange at 12 per answer 7291 195 Philadelphia, 20th 2mo. 1820.

cent?

6

Exchange for 452/ 10s 6d, sterling.

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Thirty days after sight of this my first of exchange, second and third of like tenor and date not paid, pay to Sa muel Simms, or order, four hundred fifty-two pounds, ten shillings and six pence sterling, value received; and place the same to account, as per advice from,

Samuel Pimm, Merchant,

London.

Peter Simpson.

What is the value of this bill in Pennsylvania currency, exchange at 77 per cent? 7 In a settlement between C of Philadelphia, and D of London, C is indebted 750/ 2s 4d. Pennsylvania currency is equivalent;

cent?

answer 8031 4s Id,

sterling; what sum exchange at 78 per answer 13351 45 2d.

8 How much sterling is equal to 13411 9s 4d. Pennsyl vania currency, exchange at 67 per cent?

answer 800l 17s 6d. 9 What sum sterling will be equal to 260l 8s 6d. Virginia currency, exchange at 44 per cent? answer 180l. 175. 10 Purchased in Ireland effects to the value of 400/ 175 9d. of that place; what sum Pennsylvania currency, will dis charge the debt, exchange at 51 per cent?

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answer 6077 6s 10d. Philadelphia 2d 3mo. 1820, Exchange for 4226 livres, 12 sols, 8 deniers. Thirty days after sight of this my second of Exchange, first of the same tenor and date not paid, pay to Thomas. Broker, or order, four thousand two hundred and twentysix livres, twelve sols, and eight deniers, value received; and place the same to account as per advice from,

To Thomas Lamott,
Merchant, London.

Silas Stroud.

How

How much sterling is the above bill, at 1od And what sum in Pennsylvania currency, at 17d.

L. S. d.

per livre ? per livre?

184 18 3 Sterling.

answer 308 3 10 Currency.

12 A Connecticut merchant imported goods from France, amounting per invoice, to 49008 livres; how much currency of that state, at 15d. per livre, will they amount to; and how much sterling will discharge the debt, exchange. being at par? L. 9. d.

answer $3063 0

o Currency. 2297 5 o Sterling.

13 A merchant in Holland being desirous to turn 4376 florins currency into banco, the agio at 4 per cent, how many pounds Flemish banco must he receive?

answer 7011. flo. 13sti. 13pen. 14 P, of Philadelphia, receives of A, of Amsterdam, an invoice of goods amounting to 10235 flo. 17sti. 8pen. how much Pennsylvania currency, must be remitted to discharge the bill, at 35d per florin? And what is the sum in sterling, exchange at 38s 6d. Flemish per . sterling?

answer

15 A bill for 2524 pezos, 7ria. Cadiz; what sum, Pennsylvania at 75 6d. per pezo?

L. S. d.

1503 7 10 Currency. 1886 4 5 Sterling. 33marv. being remitted to currency, is equal thereto, answer 9461 173 5d.

16 A Virginia merchant sent goods to Norway, worth 1743 165. Virginia currency; hew many rix dollars, at 6s. each, must he receive? answer 5812dols. 45.

17 A merchant of North Carolina shipped a quantity of flour, which, when disposed of, amounted to 1186 millreas, 500 reas; and received in return 17 pipes of wine, what was it per pipe, a millrea reckoned at 75 6d.

18 In 2714 guilders, 15 stivers, ling; exchange at 35s 6d. Flemish per

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ansaver 261 38 5d. how many pounds stersterling? answer 254! 18s id 19 In 290/ 11s 10d. sterling, how many pounds Flemish ; exchange at 33 10d. Flemish per . sterling, and agio at answer 5131 14s id.. 20 London

43 per cent?

21

20 London is indebted to Genoa in 1710/ 16s 4d; for how many pezos may Genoa draw on London, the exchange at 47d. per pezo ? answer 8644+ 47 How many millreas will 1566/ 6s 8d. amount to, exchange at 64d. per millrea? answer 5873 millreas, 750 reas. 22 A merchant in Rotterdam remits 564/ 10s 6d. Flemish, to be paid in London; how much sterling money must he draw for, exchange at 345 4d. per pound sterling?

answer 328/ 16s 11d.3 23 Amsterdam changes on London 345 3d. per . sterling, and on Lisbon, 52d. Flemish, for 400 reas; how then ought the exchange to go between London and Lisbon ?

answer 75d sterling, nearly, per millrea.

24 A, at Paris, drrws on B, of London, for 1200 crowns, at 55d. sterling per crown; for the value whereof, B draws again on A, at 56d. sterling per crown; besides commission per cent, what did A gain or lose by this transaction? answer A gained 15+ crowns.

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A

VULGAR FRACTIONS.

VULGAR FRACTION is a part, or parts of an integer, and is noted thus,, one-eighth; 7, seveneighths. The upper number is called the numerator, and shews the part, or parts, expressed by the fractions the lower number is called the denominator, and denotes the number of such parts contained in a unit..

Vulgar fractions are ether proper, improper, compound, or mixt.

A proper fraction is one of which the numerator is less than the denominator; thus,

.

8

An improper fraction is one of which the numerator is equal to, or greater than, the denominator; thus,, . A compound fraction is, a fraction of a fraction; as, of of, &c.

A mixt number consists of a whole number and a fraction; as, 73.

A mixt fraction has a fraction annexed either to its nu merator or denominator; as, 22, or, or

7

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REDUCTION

REDUCTION OF VULGAR FRACTIONS.

CASE 1.

To reduce a fraction to its lowest terms,

RULE.

Divide the greater term by the less, and that divisor by the remainder, till nothing be left: the last divisor will be the common measure; by which divide both terms, for the fraction required: or,

Take the aliquot parts of both terms continually, till in their lowest terms.

Note. If the common measure be 1, the fraction is already in its lowest terms. Ciphers to the right hand of both terms may be rejected, thus,

1700

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To reduce several fractions to others, retaining the same value, and to have one common denominator;

RULE.

Reduce the given fractions to their lowest terms: then multiply each numerator into all the denominators but its own, for its respective numerator; and all the denominators into each other, for a common denominator.

Note. This cafe, and cafe 1, prove each other.

EXAMPLES.

Reduce,

7X10X12=840

EXAMPLES.

to a common denominator.

X 8X12=864 Numerators.

31X 8X10=880

804

8×10×12=960 Denominator. {948, 35, and $88,

2 Reduce, and to a common denominator.

315

facit 378, 75, 77% and 48

3 Reduce,,, and to a common denominator.

616 183

facit 1330, 48 and 99%

11889 3

4 Reduce,, and, to a common denominator.

5 Reduce,

336
facit 중동, 중앙숲, 죽음을 and

and, to a common denominator.

192 120

facit 중증, 죽음, 육음 and
888888
240

CASE 3.

To reduce a mixt number to an improper fraction ;

RULE.

1386

240

To the product of the whole number, with the denominator, add the numerator, for a new numerator, under which place the given denominator.

EXAMPLES.

1 Reduce 12 to an improper fraction.

18

12×17+15=2facit.

2 Reduce 1913 to an improper fraction.
3 Reduce 16, to an imdroper fraction.
4 Reduce 100; to an improper fraction.
Reduce 514 to an improper fraction.
Reduce 47443 to an improper fraction.

5

3141

CASE 4.

354

1618 Too 5919 39 8229

T6

39794%

$400

To reduce an improper fraction to a whole or mixt num

ber.

RULE:

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