48960 farthings, how many pence, three-pences, Ans. 12240 pence, 4080 three

3.

and six-pences ?

pences, and 2040 six-pences.

FEDERAL MONEY.

4. In 54000 mills, how many cents?

Ans. 5400.

5. In 340000 cents, how many dollars? Ans. 3400. 6. In 9500000 mills, how many cents, dimes, and dollars ? Ans. ,950000 cents, 95000 dimes, and

9500 dollars.

The following examples in the reduction of weights, measures, &c. furnish a proof to corresponding examples. in article (57.) This proof is founded on the general. principle, that multiplication and division reciprocally prove each other.

TROY WEIGHT.

7. In 15853 grains, how many pounds, &c. ? 18853 must be divided by 24, the quotient of that division by 20, and the quotient thence arising by 12.The operation is as follows..

5 gr.

The result, or answer, is 2b 4oz. 17dwt. 5gr..

8. How many pounds in 106317 grains?

Ans. 18 5oz. 9dwt. 21grs.

9. If a silver cup weighing 9oz, 4dwt. 16grs. be sold for $13, 29cts. 6m.; what is it per grain?

Ans. 3 mills.

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

). In 1136260 drams, how many hundred weight? Ans. 39cwt. 2qr. 14lb. 8oz. 4drs.. 1. In 286720 ounces, how many tons? Ans. 8. 12. la 51920 pounds of sugar, how many hogsheads. are there, each hogshead weighing 91 cwt. ? Ans. 50.

LONG MEASURE.

13. In 320 rods, how many miles P

Ans. 1.

14. The distance from Boston to Salem is 31680

yards, how many miles is it?

Ans. 18.

Ans. 360.

15. In 4105728000 barley corns, how many degrees?

CLOTH MEASURE.

16. In 1344 nails, how many yards?

Ans. 84.

17. In 1566 yards of Holland, how many pieces, each

containing 36 ells Flemish ?

18. If 13 ells Fl. 3 qrs. cost $70,56,

nail?

Ans. 58.

what was it per Aus. 42 cents.

TIME...

19. In 350400 hours, how many years? Ans. 40. 20. In 240 days, how many weeks?

Ans. 34 weeks and 2 days.

Since the birth of our Saviour there have been

955540500 minutes; what year is it?

Ans. 1818.

LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE..

22. In 7040 rods, how many acres? 23. In 7938 perches, how many acres?

24. In 136 roods, how many acres?

Ans. 44.

A. R. per. Ans. 49 2 18.. Ans. 34..

WINE MEASURE.

25. In 1260 gallons of wine, how many tuns? Ans. 5. 26. In 5040 pints of wine, how many pipes? Ans. 5. . In 6048 gills, how many hogsheads?

28.

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.

8 drams, how many pounds?

Ans. 3.

Ans. 31 23 65. 29. In 55799 grains, how many pounds?

Ans. 983 13 2sc. 19grs. 30. In 80640 grains, how many pounds? Ans. 14.

DRY. MEASURE.

31. In 960 bushels of coal, how many chaldrons ?

32. In 1536 pints, how many bushels? 33. If 5bush. 2pks. 3qts. of salt cost was that per quart P

SOLID MEASURE.

Ans. 30.

Ans. 24.

$5,37, what Ans. 3 cents.

34. In 829440 cubic inches, how many tons of round timber? Ans. 12. 35. In 1036800 cubic inches, how many tons of hewn timber?

Ans. 12.

36. In 221184 solid inches, how many cords of wood

Ans. 1

37. A farm of 375 acres is let for $1125; how much does it pay per acre? Ans. 5 dollars. 38. A certain number of men were concerned in the payment of 18950 dollars, and each man paid 25 dollars, what was the number of men ?

Ans. 758.

39. What number must be multiplied by 13, that the product may be 871 ?

Ans. 67.

40. Supposing a man's income to be 2555 dollars a year; how much is that per day, there being 365 days in a year?

Ans. 7 dollars. 41. A brigade of horse consisting of 384 men, is to be formed into a column having 32 men in front; how many ranks will there be?

Ans. 12.

42. A prize of 48726 dollars is owned by 270 men; what is each man's share? Ans. 180 dollars.

43. How many times is 8 contained in 6,848 ?

Ans. ,856. Ans. 4,291. Ans. 9,644. Ans. ,290. Ans. 3,669. Ans.,33.

44. How many times 3 is 12,873 ? 45. 86,436 is how many times 9? 46. 1,740 is how many times 6? 47. 18,345 is how many times 5? 48. 3,102 is how many times 94? 49. A field of 27 acres produced 675 bushels of wheat; what was that per acre?

Ans. 25 bushels.

50. If 7412 eggs be packed in 34 casks, how many were in each cask? Ans. 218. 51. An army of 15000 men plundered a city and took 2825000 dollars; what was each man's share?

Ans. 175 dollars. 52. If an estate of 36582 dollars is divided among 13 sons, how much does each son receive? Ans. $2814. 53. I would plant 2072 trees in 14 rows, twenty-five feet asunder; how long must the grove be?

Ans. 3675 feet. 54. Sixty men at a feast, which lasted 3 days, spent 240 dollars per day; how much did each man spend per day, and how much in the whole?

Ans. $4 per day, $12 in all. 55. Divide 151200 lbs. of beef equally among an army consisting of 27 regiments, each regiment of 7 companies, and each company 100 men; and what allowance will cach man receive? Ans. 8lbs.

REDUCTION OF CURRENCY.

The coins of the United States, as established by the law regulating the mint, are three of gold, six of silver, and two of copper. The gold coins are the Eagle, the halfEagle, and quarter Eagle. For gold, the standard is eleven parts fine, and one alloy. The alloy is a mixture of silver and copper. In the Eagle, the weight of fine gold is 247,5 grains; and of standard gold, 270 grains. The silver coins are dollars, half-dollars, quarter-dollars, double dimes, dimes, and half-dimes. The standard for silver coins is 1485 parts fine, to 179 parts alloy.

The

alloy is entirely copper. The weight of fine silver in the dollar is 371,25 grains; and of standard silver, 416 grains, The weight of the cent is 208 grains. All coins inferior to the eagle, and dollar, contain a quantity of pure metal and alloy proportional to their denominations. The relative value of gold to silver is established by law in the proportion of 15 to 1. When gold or silver is finer or coarser than the standard, the variation is estimated by carats and grains of a carat in gold; and by penny weights in silver. The carat is no fixed quantity, but one twentyfourth part of any quantity. The carat is divided by goldsmiths and at the mint into four equal parts called grains of a carat.

As the divisions in Federal money, are decimal; all rules for the treatment of decimals are applicable to them. But as the currencies of the several States have different values compared to the Federal coin, some rules are necessary for reducing them to a par with each other. For example, the value of the dollar in New England and Virginia is 6 shillings; in New-York and North-Carolina it is 8 shillings; in New-Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, it is 7 shillings 6 pence; in SouthCarolina and Georgia it is 4 shillings 8 pence; the value of the shilling varies accordingly. The Spanish and American dollar is 4 shillings 6 pence sterling. Now if it be required to change New-England and Virginia currency to Federal Money; since the dollar is six-twentieths, or three-tenths of a pound, it is evident, that if three ciphers are annexed to the pounds, and the sum divided by 3, the quotient will be dollars.

The following rules are founded on the consideration of the relative values of dollars, cents, &c. to pounds, shillings, &c.

TO REDUCE NEW-ENGLAND AND VIRGINIA CURRENCY TO

FEDERAL MONEY.

If the sum consist of pounds only, annex to it three ciphers and divide by 3; the quotient will be the answer in cents. When pounds and shillings are given, annex to the pounds half the number of shillings when they are an even number, and two ciphers; but if the number be old, annex half the even number, then 5 for the odd number,