company. Hence, the processes and principles that will come within the range of the pupils of the Junior High School in general are the ones here included. All specializations should be excluded for present purposes.

In order to make this book useful in the greatest possible degree, many of the topics have been treated in a somewhat different manner from that found in most texts. For instance, in place of giving several differing processes of computing interest, some space is devoted to a discussion of investments. A consideration of the historical and economic phases of various topics arouses interest and gives a breadth of view which cannot be obtained by a purely mathematical treatment. In the discussion of the subject of wages, a study is made of the value of an education. This particular question, being placed at about the time when each pupil will be debating the advisability of entering Senior High School, becomes a real personal problem.

In compliance with the advice of men in various lines of business and industry, numerical computations have been given a prominent part. This includes the most useful processes of short cuts, approximations, and checks. The number contests employed during the first two years may be continued at the discretion of the teacher.

The author takes pleasure in acknowledging the inspiration and suggestions gathered from his students, his fellow teachers, and men of business and industry. He feels especially indebted to Miss Lena B. Hansen, of the Enid, Oklahoma, High School, and to his two colleagues, Mr. W. H. Keller and Miss Inez Morris.

EMPORIA, KANSAS.

THEODORE LINDQUIST.

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL MATHEMATICS

BOOK III

I

REVIEW INTEGERS AND DECIMALS

1. Need of Business Mathematics.-A building contractor made a mistake in his estimate of the cost of remodelling the high-school building of his city. One of his computations came out $55 instead of the correct amount $550. How much too small was his estimate because of this error? His bid to the Board of Education was about $600 lower than the next lowest bid and he was awarded the contract. If he had not made the error, would his bid still have been the lowest? How much did he lose through his error?

A lady bought a chicken weighing 3 lb. at 25¢ per pound. How much should she have paid for it? She tendered a dollar bill in payment and received 2 é in change without noticing any error. How much would she lose during the year, if she averaged two such errors per week?

Accuracy is the first and the last requirement in all business-accuracy as to how to proceed and also accuracy in the process. System and neatness are highly important in securing accuracy as well as in saving time.

1

5436.28

563.75

2607.00

2. Reading Numbers.-Numbers should be read quickly but accurately and so that they can be copied readily. For writing in a column read 5436.28, "fifty-four, thirty-six, point, twenty-eight"; 563.75, "five hundred sixty-three, point, seventyfive"; 2607.00, "twenty-six, oh, seven, point, oh, oh," or "double oh" for 00; 6000.45, "sixty, double oh, point, forty-five," or "six thousand, point, fortyfive." Use and for the decimal point only.

6000.45

3. Writing Numbers.-Clear, well-made figures are necessary for accurate computations. In writing numbers in words, as on checks, use a capital only in beginning the first word. Use the hyphen in all compound words, as twenty-five.

EXERCISES

1. Read the numbers in the first column on page 7. 2. Read as telephone numbers: 2364, 4506, 4067, 300. 3. Write in figures: one thousand six hundred thirty; five hundred forty-seven; three thousand nine hundred fifteen; sixteen thousand five hundred nine; twenty thousand ninety-seven; ninety-two thousand three hundred fiftyeight; three thousand seventy-one; three hundred fortynine and thirty-five hundredths.

Write a list of numbers at the teacher's dictation.

5. Write the following in words: 43, 76, 248, 1345, 230, 5.28, 30.43, 10.09.

4. United States Money. The United States Government issues the following coins:

1. Gold: double eagle, eagle, half-eagle, quarter-eagle.

2. Silver: dollar, half-dollar, quarter-dollar, dime.

3. Nickel: five-cent piece.

4. Copper: one-cent piece.

The eagle is seldom mentioned in business.