NOTE. Both multiplier and multiplicand are in general called factors, or terms. CASE I.. When the multiplier is not more than twelve. Multiply each figure in the multiplicand by the multiplier; carry one for every ten, (as in addition of whole numbers) and you will have the product or answer. PROOF.* Multiply the multiplier by the multiplicand. The multiplier being placed under the multiplicand units under units, tens under tens, &c. multiply by each significant figure in the multiplier separately, placing the first figure in each product exactly under its multiplier; *Multiplication may also he proved by casting out the 9's in the two factors, and setting down the remainders; then multiplying the two remainders together; if the excess of 9's in their product is equal to the excess of 9's in the total product, the work is supposed to be right then add the several products together in the same order as they stand, and their sum will be the total product. EXAMPLES. What number is equal to 47 times 365 ? Multiplicand 365 ! 47 14. Multiply 760483 by 9152. Ans. 6959940416. 15. What is the total product of 7608 times 365432 ? Ans. 2780206636. 16. What number is equal to 40003 times 4897685 : Ans. 195922093055. CASE III. When there are cyphers on the right hand of either or both of the factors, neglect those cyphers; then place the significant figures under one another, and multiply by them only, and to the right hand of the product, place as many cyphers as were omitted in both the factors. 7065000×3700-61465500000 749643000×695000=1521001885000000 360000×1200000=432000000000 CASE IV. When the multiplier is a composite number, that s. when it is produced by multiplying any two numɔers in the table together; multiply first by one of those figures and that product by the other; and the last product wit be the total required. CASE V. To multiply by 10, 100, 1000, &c. annex to the mul tiplicand all the cyphers in the multiplier, and it will make the product required. t EXAMPLES. 1. Multiply 365 by 10. Ans. 3650 Ans. 465700, Ans. 5224000 Ans, 264600000 EXAMPLES FOR EXERCISE. 1. Multiply 1203450 by 9004. Ans. 10835863800 Ans. 515509055188 Ans. 584113330416 Ans. 535276081481 Ans. 1960310474010 Ans. 7428927415293 98765542×98765542=9754287 228385764 Application and Use of Multiplication. In making out bills of parcels, and in finding the value of goods; when the price of one yard, pound, &c. is giv en (in Federal Money) to find the value of the whole quantity. RULE. Multiply the given price and quantity together, as in whole numbers, and the separatrix will be as many figures from the right hand in the product, as in the given price. EXAMPLES. 1. What will 35 yards of broad-28. d. c. m. cloth come to, at 3, 4 9 6 per yard? 3. What is the value of 29 pairs of men's shoes, at 1 dollar 51 cents per pair? Ans. $43, 79 cents. 4. What cost 131 yards of Irish linen, at 38 cents per yard? Ans. $49, 78 cents. 5. What cost 140 reams of paper, at 2 dollars 35 cents per ream ? 6. Ans. $329. What cost 144 lb. of hyson tea, at 3 dollars 51 cents per lb. P 7. What cost 94 bushels of oats, at 33 cents per bushel ? Ans. $31, 2 cents. 8. What do 50 firkins of butter come to, at 7 dollars 14 cents per firkin? Ans. $357. 9. What cost 12 cwt. of Malaga raisins, at 7 dollars 31 cents per cwt.? Ans. 887, 72 cents. 10. Bought 37 horses for shipping, at 52 dollars per head; what do they come to? Ans. $1924. 11. What is the amount of 500 lbs. of hog's-lard, at 15 cents per lb. ? Ans. $75. 12. What is the value of 75 yards of satin, at 3 dollars 75 cents per yard? Ans. $281, 25 cents. 13. What cost $67 acres of land, at 14 dols. 67 cents per acre? Ans. $5383, 89 cents. 14. What does 857 bls. pork come to, at 18 dols. 95 Ans. $16223, 1 cent. cents per bl. P 15. What does 15 tons of Hay come to, at 20 dols. 78 cts. per ton? Ans. $311, 70 cents. 16. Find the amount of the following BILL OF PARCELS. Mr. James Paywell, 28 lb. of Green Tea, New-London, Marco 9, 1814. 41 lb. of Coffee, Received payment in full, at 7, 31 per cwt. Amount, 8511, 78. |