States, governor of, power to pardon of
fences against U. S., i. 439.

one, not enforce criminal law of
another, i. 443.

constitutional restrictions upon
the power of, i. 447.

may use military power to put
down insurrection, i. 447.
powers denied to, by federal con-
stitution, i. 447.
not emit bills of credit, i. 448.
not pass ex post facto laws, i. 450.
no control over federal laws or
courts, i. 451.

not control or obstruct federal
officers, i. 452.
not interfere with each other, i.
453.

not to tax national institutions, i.
468.

not pass laws impairing the obli-
gations of contracts, i. 455, (see
Obligations.)
may not impair its own contracts
or grants, i. 456, 457. 462.
their control over mail carriers, i.
453.

may regulate the remedies on
contracts, i. 461.

not to govern ceded places, i. 472.
not pass naturalization laws, i. 467.
may institute a suit as a corpora-
tion, ii. 322, note (1.)
foreign, acquired by purchase, i.

277.

laws of, regarded by U. S. courts
in questions of real property,
iv. 289, 290.
courts, concurrent jurisdiction of,
i. 434, (see State.)
not controllable by injunctions

from U. S. courts, i. 453.
how far congress may confer juris-
diction upon, i. 438, 439. 441.

443.

jurisdiction of, in suits against a
state, i. 439, note.

jurisdiction of, fines or forfeitures
to U. S., i. 440. 443.
appeal from, to federal courts, i.

442.

not enforce penal laws of con-
gress, i. 443, 444.
jurisdiction of, over fugitives from
service, i. 445.
no control over federal courts, i.
451.
not issue mandamus to federal
officers, i. 452.
when not inquire into validity of
seizures, i. 452.
have not cognizance of offences
in ceded territories, i. 474.

States, invested with federal powers, i.

439. 444.

powers under acts of congress, i.
335.

Statutes,

jurisdiction over trespasses com-
mitted in other states, ii. 590.
supreme, unless restricted by
constitution, i. 494.
judiciary may declare unconstitu-
tional, i. 495. 500.
time of taking effect, i. 501. 504.
506.
retro-active, not to be presumed
unless remedial, i. 501. 504.
506.

cannot impair obligation of con-
tracts, i. 502.

declaratory, i. 503, note.
public or private, i. 506.
judicial notice of, i. 508.
interpretation of rules for, i. 509.

(See Uses.)

de donis, iv. 11. 482.
of Merton, iv. 65.

of distributions, ii. 525.
of 13 and 27 Eliz. against fraudu-
lent conveyances, iv. 510.
of limitation, that of the place of
action controls, ii. 589.

of quia emptores, iii. 627. iv. 483.
Statute of uses, iv. 305.

of uses, remainders limited under,
iv. 246.

of wills, iv. 558.
Steamboats, statute of New-York re-
specting, iii. 294.

Steamboats, legal rule for their sailing, iii.

296.

monopoly, history of, i. 476.
Stockholders, rights of assignees of, ii.
301, note (1.)

liability, ii. 305, 306.
Stockjobbing, prohibited, ii. 603.
Stocks, how pledged or assigned, (see
Assignment, Bailment.)
Stolen goods, property in, how lost, ii.

377-380. 382.
Stop laws, on executions, when unconsti-
tutional, iv. 465.
Stoppage in transitu, right of, ii. 714—
727.

defined, ii. 714.
does not rest on right of rescission,
ii. 715.

origin of rights, ii. 715.
who may make, ii. 716.
test of validity of right of, ii. 717.
right, when exists or is defeated,
ii. 717.

when transitus at an end, ii. 718
-721.725.

effect of resale on right of, ii. 722.
act of vendee as affecting right
of, ii. 722-727.
is recognised in the general mer-
cantile law, ii. 726.
Storage of goods, iii. 264.
Story, Joseph, on bailments, ii. 796.

on the Constitution of the United
States, i. 256.

on the conflict of laws, ii. 589.

on equity, ii. 574. 598.

Straccha, iii. 423.

Stranding, defined, iii. 402.

subject of general average, iii.305.

Streams of water, iii. 544.

Street, what facts constitute dedication

346.

may issue mandamus, i. 350.
jurisdiction of, when a state is a

party, i. 352.
appellate jurisdiction depends on

congress, i. 353.
appeal to, in criminal cases, i.

354.

jurisdiction on questions of trea-
ties, i. 354.

on appeal to, error must appear
of record, i. 355.
appellate jurisdiction, when state
a party, i. 356-359.
power derived from constitution,
i. 360. 363. 369.

(See Courts, Federal.)

Surety, right of, on payment of the debt,

ii. 802.
giving time to principal, effect on,
iii. 145, 146, 147.
subrogated to rights of principal,

iii. 169.
Sureties, remedies of and between, iv.
389, note.

Surrenders, defined, iv. 104. 106.

when and how made, iv. 97. 107.
of fugitives, (see Fugitives and
Slaves.)
Surrogate Courts, ii. 524.

exclusive jurisdiction over wills
of personal estate, ii. 533.
Survivorship referred, in construction, to

testator's death, iv. 214.
among executors, ii. 511. iv. 341.
effects of the word "survivor," in
wills, iv. 287.
how construed in executory de-
vises, iv. 289. 294. 342.
in cases of joint tenancy, iv. 375,
376, 377.

note.

abuses of, ii. 390.
authority of congress relative to,
i. 273.

authority of congress paramount
to states, i. 431.
authority of congress paramount
in territories, i. 275.

Tenants in common, iv. 384-390.
defined, iv. 384.

of chattels, ii. 418.

how created, iv. 384, 385.
incidents to the estate of, iv. 386.
to share expense of repairs, iv.
387, 388, 389.
may sue each other, iv. 387, 388.
conversion by one of a chattel,
ii. 419, note.
chargeable for exclusive use of,
property, iv. 388.
their fiduciary relation, iv. 389,

Tenants, j

, joint, under statutes of New-
York and other states, iv. 377.
how destroyed, iv. 379.

one may not devise, iv. 376.
whether husband and wife are,
iv. 378, 379.

of partition of their estate, iv.
379-382.389.

coparcenary, iv. 383.

nature of the estate of, iv. 383.
nature of the estate of, in New-
York, iv. 384.

by the courtesy, iv. 26, (see
Courtesy.)
in dower, iv. 35, (see Dower.)
Tenants in estate for life, right of to es-
tovers, iv. 74, (see Lease, Es-
tate, Lessee and Landlord.)
right to emblements, iv. 74.
right to underlease, iv. 75, (see
Estovers.)

bound to keep down interest, iv.

76.

liability of, for waste, iv. 77. 114,
(see Waste.)
alienation by, iv. 85, 86.
liability in cases of fire, iii. 585.
iv. 84.
when excused from rent, iii.
585.

right of joint and common, to sue
co-tenant, iv. 83, note (a.)
when their estate forfeited for
waste, iv. 85, (see Forfeiture.)
not entitled to emblements, iv.
112, (see Emblements.)
when bound to repair, iv. 113.
pur autre vie, iv. 25.
right of notice by and to, (see
Notice.)

at will, iv. 114-120.
right to estovers, (see Estovers.)
for life, when by English laws he
forfeits estate by wrongful con-
veyance, iv. 453.
effect of such conveyance in
American law, iv. 454.
for years, where excused from rent,
iii. 586.

forfeits his interest by conveyance,
when, iv. 455, 456.

iv. 87-113.

may underlet, iv. 99. 110.
forfeiture by, iv. 109.
has no emblement, iv. 112.
cannot remove manure, ii. 414.
liable for waste, iv. 113.

must repair at his own expense,
iv. 113.
from year to year, iv. 97. 114,
115.
in New-York, iii. 604. iv. 116,
note.

628.

origin of, in Europe, iii. 610.
derived from the king, iii. 615.
history of, in England, iii. 620-
by knight-service, iii. 623.
aid, wardship, relief, fine, as inci-
dent to, iii. 624.
doctrine of, in the United States,
iii. 628.

in socage, what, iii. 628. 630.
in Spain and Austria, iv. 19.
grant, iv. 6.

Terms, attendant, defined, iv. 87.
history of, iv. 87-96.

for years, (see Estate.)

Territory of Neutrals, inviolable, i. 122.
not a station for belligerents, i.
123. 125, 126.
passage through may be granted,
i. 124.

Testators, insanity of, how tried, iv. 565.
Testaments, history of, ii. 384. iv. 555.
Texas, i. 277.
Theft, iii. 376.

Thellusson's Will, iv. 297.
Tickets on public conveyances, rights of
owners of, ii. 784.
Tide waters, iii. 510. 521, 522.
Time, computation of, in truces and no-
tices, i. 166. iv. 98.
acquired by occupancy, ii. 426.
acquired by war, ii. 426.
acquired to lost goods, ii. 427,
428.

Title

to derelict, waifs, wrecks and
treasure trove, ii. 428-432.
by accession, ii. 432-437.
not gained by trespass, ii. 435.
as affected by confusion of, ii.
436.

acquired by intellectual labour,

ii. 437.
by virtue of patent-right, ii 438,
(see Patent.)
by occupancy, ii. 374. 382.
possession as a foundation of, to
personal property, ii. 376. 381,
382, 383. 396.

by confiscation, ii. 377.

to stolen goods, ii. 377. 379. 381.
as affected by wrecks, ii. 377,
378.

under sale in markets overt, ii.
379-382.
of bona fide purchasers, ii. 362.
382. 392. 394.
given by descent, ii. 383.
passed by alienation, its history,

ii. 383. 386.
right of every individual to ac-
quire, to property, ii. 385-

by intestacy, ii. 507.

388.

by administrator and executor, ii.

543.

remedy in case of failure of, ii.
605-615.

to personal property, warranted
by possession, ii. 618.
to land, foundation of, iii. 463-
492.

originally in the king, iii. 463.
in United States derived by
grant from local governments,
iii. 464.
of United States to lands west
of the Mississippi, ii. 227.
purchased at Indian treaties, iii.
464-466.
when it includes mines, iii. 464,
465.
as derived from the native In-
dians, i. 276. iii. 464-474.

Treaties of peace, causes of war extin-
guished by, 172.

legal effect of, i. 172.
time of taking effect, i. 174.
captures made after, null, i. 175,
176.

construction of, i. 177.
how far dissolved by new war, i.
178, 179.
violation of any article, i. 179.
permanent articles, i. 178.
Treatises, elementary, i. 551.
Trees, overhanging boundary walls, iii.

541.

Trespass, action of, by landlord, iv. 123.
against executors, ii. 518.
possession, when necessary, iv. 123.

Trial by jury, i. 610.
Trial, new, in capital cases, when granted,
i. 610, 611, note.
Tribunals, foreign jurisdiction over Ame-
rican ships in port, i. 158, 159, D.
Trinity house regulation, iii. 295.
Truces, partial or general, i. 164.
observation of, how far required,
duration of, i. 166.

i. 165.
Trusts, law of, in New-York, ii. 161, n.
in favour of vendor, upon sale of
goods, ii. 676.
growth and doctrine of, iv. 313-
316.

as affected by statutes in New-
York, iv. 311.

subject to law of descent, iv. 314.
executed qualities of, iv. 314.
are what uses were, iv. 315.
right of beneficiary of, iv. 315,

note.

when executory and when exe-
cuted, iv. 316.
may rest on parol in case of
fraud, iv. 317, note.

how created, iv. 316–321.
how created, in case of a result-
ing trust, iv. 317-319.
how created, in case of an implied
trust, iv. 318.
as affected by statute of frauds,
iv. 316-319.
when courts of equity will en-
force, iv. 319.

of personal property, good for
two lives, ii. 422.
as restricted in New-York, iv.
279, 280. 311. 321. 344.
when liable for debts, iv. 322-
328.

to pay rents and profits, and
debts and legacies to or for
children, iv. 326.
trust power, when void iv. 344.
when trustees die, iv. 327.