155. Accounts. A statement of the amount owed by one person to another, with any payments that may have been made, is called an account.

The words "bill" and "account are often used for either a bill or an account.

156. Specimen of an Account. The following is an account :

Elmira, N. Y., March 30, 1916

Mr. Robert J. Speneer, Owego, A.Y.

The difference between the sum of the items of indebtedness and those representing payments is the balance.

EXERCISE 91

Make out accounts for the following, inserting the place, date, and names, and completing each item:

1. Feb. 4, 12 lb. ham @ 214, 6 lb. butter @ 334, 8 doz. eggs @ 45; Feb. 7, 8 lb. sugar @ 64, 15 lb. raisins @ 15, 8 lb. prunes @ 194, 6 lb. tapioca @ 94. Payments: Feb. 5, $3; Feb. 9, $2; balance on Feb. 13.

2. March 2, 10 doz. brooms @ $3.72, 8 doz. mops @ $7.90, 12 doz. mop handles @ $2.45, 9 doz. laundry boards @ $5.25; March 7, 15 doz. clotheslines @ $5.50, 6 doz. cedar pails @ $2.70; March 12, 10 doz. feather dusters @ $3.20. Payments: March 3, $75; March 8, $50; balance on March 15.

3. April 3, 6 doz. wool dusters @ $4.80, 5 doz. dustpans @$3.15, 2 doz. rattan carpet beaters @ $2.65, 5 waxing brushes @ $2.32, 3 doz. shoe brushes @ $6.35; April 8, 5 doz. scrub brushes @ $1.60, 9 floor brushes @ $1.44; April 12, 10 doz. whisk brooms @ $2.88. Payments: April 5, $25; April 10, $15; balance on April 15.

4. May 1, 8 doz. quarts ammonia @ $2.56, 75 lb. borax @12, 8 boxes sal soda @ $1.08; May 5, 15 doz. cans brick dust @ 67, 25 doz. cans emery powder @ $1.67, 12 boxes scouring soap @ $3.07; May 12, 35 boxes laundry soap @ $3.88, 8 doz. packages soap powder @ $1.88. Payments: May 3, $20; May 6, $25; balance on May 14.

5. June 7, 8 doz. bottles mixed pickles @ $2.67, 9 doz. bottles gherkins @ $3.07, 35 doz. packages gelatin @ $1.48; June 12, 9 doz. pints chowchow @ $3.12, 6 doz. bottles horse-radish @ $0.98, 4 doz. bottles mustard sauce @ $1.95; June 16, 8 doz. bottles salad dressing @ $2.58, 75 doz. cans tomatoes @ $2.48, 6 doz. bottles catsup @ $2.44, 5 doz. bottles chutney sauce @ $1.02. Payments: June 8, $50; June 14, $30; balance on June 20.

6. July 9, 6 gro. toothbrushes @ $9.68, 4 gro. nailbrushes @ $24.35, 16 doz. combs @ $1.88; July 15, 7 doz. whisk brooms @ $2.94, 5 doz. hairbrushes @ $9.60, 4 doz. bath brushes @ $6.48; July 20, 4 doz. hand mirrors @ $7.20, 7 doz. tubes cold cream @ $1.98. Payments: July 12, $50; July 16, $20; balance on July 21.

157. Cash Accounts. In keeping a cash account it is customary to write each item of the receipts on the left side (called the debit side), and each item of the expenditures on the right side (called the credit side), thus:

Here on the left side a shows the balance on hand when this page of the account is begun; b and c are receipts from Messrs. Roberts and Ball; d is the sum of these three items on the day that the account is added, or balanced. On the right side ƒ and g are bills paid. To find how much is now on hand we subtract the sum of $17.22 and $6.90, or $24.12, from $227.75, and we find that the remainder (in cash accounts called the balance) is $203.63, which is written on the right at h, and again on the left at e. To check the work, f, g, and h are added, and the sums at d and i must agree.

EXERCISE 92

Make out cash accounts and balance them as above:

1. Receipts: May 1, cash on hand, $36.50; May 2, R. S. Jacobs, $20; May 4, M. R. Randall, $32.60. Expenses: May 3, groceries, $7.86; meat, $3.50. Balanced on May 5.

2. Receipts: April 3, cash on hand, $25.30; April 4, J. B. Fuller, $30; April 7, R. H. Bates, $4.30. Expenses: April 4, groceries, $9.32. Balanced on April 8.

3. Receipts: Feb. 6, cash on hand, $135.60; Feb. 6, R. S. Roberts, $75.50; Feb. 7, M. L. Richards, $87.90; Feb. 8, R. P. Jasper, $42.25. Expenses: Feb. 6, rent, $75; Feb. 7, salaries, $60; Feb. 8, coal, $15.30; Feb. 8, account book, $2.25; Feb. 8, gas bill, $3.75. Balanced on Feb. 9.

Insert dates and items as in Exs. 1-3, and balance the following accounts :

4. Receipts: $125, $32.60, $28.90, $50; expenses: $35, $15.30, $28.40.

5. Receipts: $16.30, $15.50, $10.10, $3.50; expenses : $4.80, $3.45, $20, $4.75.

6. Receipts: $10.30, $5.25, $6.32, $7.20; expenses: $5.30, $2.40, $3.80, $1.50.

7. Receipts: $34.30, $15.30, $10.75, $6.32; expenses: $32.50, $8.20, $4.30, $3.

8. Receipts: $42.60, $18.50, $13.60, $2.80, $4; expenses: $15.40, $15, $32.75, $4.60.

9. Receipts: $75.50, $62.30, $4.72, $16, $25.30; expenses: $3.25, $80, $14.20, $15, $3.25.

10. Receipts: $62.30, $15.40, $14.75, $21.32, $5; expenses: $35.75, $10.42, $29.60, $28.40.

11. Receipts: $1250.50, $620, $300, $175, $16.25, $120.50, $32.75, $68.50; expenses: $600, $360, $166.67, $33.33, $240.

12. Receipts: $625.75, $130.50, $200, $75, $50, $15.20, $14.60, $33.80; expenses: $430, $250, $100, $32.75, $28.50.

13. Receipts: $128.50, $32.75, $68.75, $43.50, $28.90; expenses: $62.30, $28.50, $75.50, $38.40, $25.25, $20.30. 14. Receipts: $875.80, $260.50, $350, $400, $80, $25, $380, $125; expenses: $250, $375, $480.70, $200, $75.

15. Receipts: $1025.30, $535.40, $287.50, $126.75, $25, $324.80, $125.45, $135.42, $12.87; expenses: $10, $225, $430.75, $223.50, $121.60, $123.75, $2.35, $6.27, $4.68.

16. Receipts: $287.60, $821.75, $327.42, $196.80, $427, $236.90, $481.73, $87.96, $52.80; expenses: $327.50, $427.39, $179.86, $321.42, $83.96, $75, $1.24, $3.50.

EXERCISE 93

PROBLEMS WITHOUT NUMBERS

1. If you know the cost per dozen of certain articles, how do you find the cost of a given number of dozen? of each article?

2. How do you make the extensions in a bill? foot the bill? receipt the bill?

3. If you know the items representing purchases, and those representing payments on an account, how do you balance the account?

4. If you know the amount of indebtedness on an account, and the balance, how will you find the sum of the payments?

5. How do you keep a cash account? How do you balance it?

6. If you know the cost of each of several things, how do you find the cost of all of them?

7. If you know the sum of two numbers and one of them, how do you find the other?

8. If you know the cost of one thing, how do you find the cost of several things of the same kind?

9. If you know the cost of several things of the same kind, how do you find the cost of one?

10. Name some things that are sold by the dry quart; by the peck; by the bushel.

11. Name some things that are weighed by the ounce; by the pound; by the ton.

12. If you know the cost of an ounce of anything, how do you find the cost per pound?

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13. If you know the cost of a pound of anything, how you find the cost per ounce?