When a sheet of paper makes: size. 66 2 leaves, or 4 pages, the book is called a folio 4 leaves, or 8 pages, the book is called a quarto 8 leaves, or 16 pages, the book is called an octavo 12 leaves, or 24 pages, the book is called a duodecimo " 18 leaves, or 36 pages, the book is called an eighteenmo“ ARITHMETICAL SIGNS. 1. The symbol + is called plus, and is the sign of addition. Thus, 2 + 4 indicates the addition of 2 and 4. 2. The symbol is called minus, and is the sign of subtraction. Thus, 5 - 2 indicates the subtraction of 2 from 5. 3. The symbol x is the sign of multiplication. Thus, 3 x 5 indicates that 3 is to be multiplied by 5, or 5 by 3. 4. The symbol 82 indicates the 5. The symbol 4 + 6 = = 10. is the sign of division. division of 8 by 2. TLus, is the sign of equality. Thus, FRACTIONS. LESSON I. 1. Mary has 4 apples, and Sarah 1 half as many; how many has she? ANALYSIS.-If Mary has 4 apples, and Sarah 1 half as many, she must have one-half of 4 apples, which is 2 apples. 2. Henry is 8 years old, and IIarvey is 1 half as old; how old is Harvey? 3. Martin has 6 marbles, and Matthew 1 half as many; how many has he? 4. If you divide 10 apples equally between 2 boys, what part of them will each receive? 5. What is 1 half of 10? 6. If an orange cost 12 cents, and a lemon 1 half as much; what was the cost of the lemon? 7. If 3 apples cost 6 cents, what part of 6 cents will 1 apple cost? 8. What is I third of 6? 9. What is 1 half of 4 of 6 of 8 of 10? of 12? of 14? of 16? of 18? of 20? of 24? 10. If 3 oranges cost 9 cents, what part of 9 cents will 1 orange cost? what part of 9 cents will 2 oranges cost? 11. What is 1 third of 3 of 15 of 21? of 24? of 27 of 6 of 9 of 12? of 30? 12. If 1 quart of nuts cost 12 cents, what will 1 third of a quart cost? 13. If 1 ton of hay cost $15, what will 1 third of a ton cost? 14. If 1 bushel of apples cost 21 cents, what will 1 third of a bushel cost? 15. If 1 yard of shalloon cost 24 cents, what will 1 third of a yard cost? 16. If 1 quart of vinegar cost 9 cents, what will 1 third of a quart cost? 17. If 1 pound of candies cost 12 cents, what part of 12 cents will 1 third of a pound cost? what part of 12 cents will 2 thirds of a pound cost? 18. What is 1 third of 12 ? 19. If 1 third of 12 is 4, what is 2 thirds of 12? 20. What is 1 third of 6? 2 thirds of 6? 4 thirds of 6 3 thirds of 6 5 thirds of 6? 21. If a barrel of flour cost 9 dollars, what will 1 third of a barrel cost? 2 thirds? 22. What is 1 fourth of 12? 2 fourths of 12? 3 fourths of 12? 23. If a barrel of fish cost $12, what will 1 fourth of a barrel cost? 2 fourths? 3 fourths? 4 fourths? 24. What is 1 fifth of 152 fifths of 15 3 fifths of 15 4 fifths of 15? 5 fifths of 15? 25. If a ton of hay cost $15, what will 1 fifth of a ton cost? 2 fifths? 3 fifths? 4 fifths? 5 fifths? 26. What is 2 thirds of 24? 3 fourths? 3 eighths? 2 fourths? 27. What is 3 fifths of 20 7 eighths of 64? 4 sevenths of 56? 27. What do you understand by 1 fourth? 3 fourths? ANSWER.-When a thing is divided into four equal parts, 1 of these parts is called 1 fourth. and 3 of these parts are called 3 fourths. 28. What do you understand by 2 fifths? 3 fifths? 4 fifths? 29. What do you understand by 3 sevenths? 4 sevenths? 5 sevenths? 6 sevenths? 30. How many thirds in 1 ? 31. How many fifths in 1? 32. How many fourths in 18 33. How many tenths in 1? 34. How many ninths in 1? 35. How many twelfths in 1? 36. What is 1 seventh of $28? 2 sevenths of $28? 3 sevenths? 4 sevenths? 6 sevenths? 5 sevenths? 37. If a coat cost $20, and a pair of pantaloons 1 fourth as much, what is the cost of the pantaloons? 38. If a pound of cheese cost 9 cents, what will 2 thirds of a pound cost? 39. If 12 oranges cost 36 cents, what part of 36 cents will I orange cost? 2 oranges? 4 oranges? 3 oranges? 5 oranges? 9 oranges? 8 oranges? 40. What is 1 twelfth of 36 2 twelfths of 36 5 twelfths of 36 4 twelfths of 36 6 twelfths of 36? 9 twelfths? 8 twelfths? 10 twelfths? 11 twelfths? 41. Rachel has 14 primers, and Anthony 5 seventhis as many; how many has he! |