15. A field which contains 25 acres produced 375 bushels of wheat; how many bushels did each acre produce? Ans. 15 bushels.

16. A merchant had 24 pieces of cloth containing 864 yards; how many yards were there in each piece? Ans. 36 yards

17. A farmer sold his farm, containing 365 acres, for 8395 dollars; how many dollars was it an acre? Ans. 23 dollars.

18. A gentleman's income is 2496 dollars a year; how many dollars is that a week, there being 52 weeks in a year? Ans. 48 dollars.

Q. When there are ciphers at the right of the divisor, how must you divide?

A. The ciphers must be cut off from the right hand of the divisor, and a like number of figures from the right of the dividend; and the remaining figures must be divided without any regard to the figures cut off from either the divisor or dividend. If there be a remainder, annex the figures cut off from the right of the dividend, and this will be the true remainder. The remainder in Division is always of the same name as the dividend.

Q. When there are ciphers at the right of the divisor and dividend both, how must you divide?

A. An equal number of ciphers must be cut off from the right of the divisor and dividend; and the figures in the dividend must be divided by the figures in the divisor, without any regard to the ciphers cut off from the divisor and dividend.

EXAMPLES

For Exercise on a Slate.

1. A gentleman sold a farm for 4540 dollars, at 10 dollars an acre; how many acres did the farm contain? Ans. 454 acres.

EXPLANATIONS.

Here, as you will per- Divisor 1 | 0)454 | 0( ceive, there is a cipher both at the right of the 454 quotient. divisor and dividend. You must cut off the cipher from each, and then the work is done. So when you divide by 100, 1000, &c. You have merely to cut off as many figures from the right of the dividend as there are ciphers in the divisor. The principle of this is very plain, for in Multiplication you proved that joining a cipher to the multiplicand increases it ten times; so Division being the reverse of Multiplication, you must, instead of joining a figure, cut one off, which will diminish the dividend, so that the figures in the quotient will have only a tenth part of the value that they have in the dividend; because the figure which expresses tens in the dividend, only expresses units in the quotient.

2. A merchant bought a quantity of cloth for which he paid 46500 dollars, at 20 dollars a yard; how many yards did he buy? Ans. 2325 yards.

Divisor 2 | 0)4650 | 0(

2325 quotient.

3. A gentleman had a number of men in his employment, to whom he paid 189500 dollars, and each man received 250 dollars; how many men were there? Ans. 758 men.

4. The sum of 262200 dollars was equally divided among 345 men; how many dollars did each receive? Ans. 760 dollars.

5. A man travelled 2450 miles in 50 days; how many miles did he travel in a day? Ans. 49 miles. 6. An army of 89460 men plundered a city, and took 4473000 dollars; what was each man's share? Ans. 50 dollars.

Q. When the divisor is a composite number, that is, when any two numbers in the division table, being multiplied together, will produce a number exactly equal to the divisor, how must you divide?

A. The dividend must first be divided by one of those numbers or component parts; then that quotient by the other number, and the last quotient will be the answer.

EXAMPLES

For Exercise on a Slate.

1. A farmer sold 28 cows for 448 dollars; how many dollars did he receive for each cow? Ans. 16 dollars.

EXPLANATIONS.

Dividend.
Divisor 4)448

Divisor 7)112

Here, in this example, 4 and 7 are the component parts of 28; for 4 times 7 are 28. You must first divide by the 4, and 16 quotient. the quotient will be 112. You must then divide that quotient by 7, and the next quotient will be 16, the answer. This operation is very plain; for in the first division you divide by 4, assuming the position that 4 cows were sold for 448 dollars; which sum, when separated into 4 equal parts, shows the price of each cow to be 112 dollars; but as there were 28 instead of 4, which is 4 times 7, you then divide the 112 into 7 parts, which then shows you the 448 divided or separated into 28 equal parts, each of which part is 16.

2. A lady paid 1715 cents for a quantity of cambrick, at 49 cents a yard; how many yards did she buy? Ans. 35 yards.

3. A merchant bought a quantity of beef for which he paid 6480 dollars, at 15 dollars a barrel; how many barrels did he buy? Ans. 432 barrels.

(4.) 24) 10464

(5.) 36)16704

(6.) 48)33792

MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES,

To exercise the learner in the rules of Addition, Substraction, Multiplication and Division.

1. A farmer sold 487 bushels of wheat, at 2 dollars a bushel; how many dollars did he receive for the whole? Ans. 974 dollars.

2. How long will it take a man to travel 264 miles, if he should travel 24 miles a day? Ans. 11 days.

3. In a field of battle there were 268 soldiers in rank, and 118 in file; what number of soldiers were there in the field? Ans. 31624 soldiers.

4. A gentleman had four bags of money, the first contained 3475 dollars, the second 6950, the third 934, and the fourth 467; how many dollars were there in the four bags? Ans. 11826 dollars.

5. A merchant bought 4875 bushels of wheat, and sold 1899 bushels; how many bushels had he left? Ans. 2976 bushels.

6. A merchant bought 198 barrels of flour, at 5 dollars a barrel; how many dollars did he pay for the whole? Ans. 990 dollars.

7. The sum of 20000 dollars was equally divided among 25 men; how many dollars did each man receive? Ans. 800 dollars.

8. A merchant had 345 bins, in each of which were 32 bushels of wheat; how many bushels were there in all? Ans. 11040 bushels.

9. A farmer divided his farm, containing 895 acres, equally among his 5 sons; how many acres did each receive for his portion? Ans. 179 acres.