sel, I had got a golden guinea, the good | be, that his plea is not urged so much in opinion of my master, and the conscious- his own behalf, as in behalf of the species. ness of having acted properly." This anecdote may serve as an encouragement to masters and servants: to masters who have principle enough to give good advice, and liberality enough to reward good conduct; and to servants who are industrious enough to be diligent in business, and prudent enough to take good counsel. PRIDE. IN general pursuits, pride will often supply a stimulus to exertion. But there is much in its usual influence from which evil must result rather than good. It ever produces a dislike of obligation, which, in reference to the discovery of truth,_must ever be exceedingly detrimental. To be proudly negligent of the labour of others, is, in such cases, to be busied with the alphabet of things, when we might be acquiring a mastery of their language. The man, moreover, who has formed an extravagant estimate of his own capability, will probably under-rate the effort necessary to success; and instead of profiting by the reproofs which his failures may call forth, will generally become indignant, warped in the future exercise of his judgment, and wedded to his mistakes, however preposterous. The history of every people is pregnant with the ill effects of systems and enterprises, which have owed their origin chiefly to this passion; either in its palmy state, when swollen by conceptions of superior power; or in its state of resentment, when wounded by opposition. In all matters of opinion it has been the parent of innumerable errors, and in social life it has produced all possible disorder and suffering. Whatever presumption has done, it has done as the first-born of pride; and whatever tyranny has done, it has done as the favoured offspring of the same parent. Viewed in its influence on christianity, it must be apparent that the tendency of pride will be to give plausibleness and efficiency to every thing that may favour those elated conceptions as to the present condition of human nature, which persons of this character are ever disposed to entertain. When a man of this class is also a man of some benevolence, the flattering judgment which he has formed of himself may be the effect, in part, of a similar misconception with regard to the intellectual or the moral power of the mind in general; and his persuasion will perhaps -Vaughan. NEW PRINTING PRESS. THE "Boston Mercantile Journal" delast fourteen months, by Mr. Otis Tufts, of scribes a new press, invented within the Boston, America. This power press approaches nearer perfection, says the journal, than any thing we have yet seen. It is manufactured in the most neat and finished style, and combines all the advantages of other presses, with several improvements which have never before been introduced. In this press two friskets are used, by which means a person can be laying on a sheet at the same time that another one receives the impression. The modes also of regulating the impression, and distributing the ink with greater uniformity, are very simple and ingenious. The machine is put in operation by turning a crank; and 800 or 1000 impressions may be worked off in an hour. This press is one of the most perfect specimens of mechanism which we have seen, and is worked with but little noise or friction, The first press of this description has been in operation for about two months, at the printing-office of Munroe and Francis. HARMONY OF NATURE. On! there is a harmony in nature, inconceivably attuned to one glad purpose. Every thing in the universe has a voice, with which it joins in the tribute of thanksgiving. The whispers of the wind playing with the summer foliage, and its fitful moanings through the autumnal branches, the broken murmur of the stream, and the louder gushing of the waterfall, and the wide roar of the cataract, all speak the praises of God to our hearts. Who can sit by the sea-side, when every wave lies hushed in adoration, or falls upon the shore in subdued and awful cadence, without drinking in unutterable thoughts of the majesty of God? The loud hosannas of ocean in the storm, and the praises of God on the whirlwind, awaken us to the same lesson; and every peal of the thunder is an hallelujah to the Lord of hosts. Oh! there is a harmony in nature. The voice of every creature tells us of the goodness of God. It comes to us in the song of the birds, the deep delicious tones in which the wood-dove breathes out its happiness, the gracefully melting descant of the nightingale, the joyous thrilling melody of the lark, the throstle's wild warbling, and the black bird's tender whistle, the soft piping of the bulfinch, the gay carol of the wren, the sprightly call of the goldfinch, and the gentle twittering of the swallow.-Miss Graham. SCRIPTURE EXPLANATIONS.-NO.XXIX. "As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so panteth my soul after thee."-Psalm xlii. 1. How ardent was the psalmist's desire after that Divine and holy intercourse, "which none but they that taste it know!" It was the fervent prayer of a gracious soul after higher attainments in the Divine likeness, and after a closer intercourse with the Divine Redeemer. Let us all earnestly desire this most excellent gift. To the hart, when hunted by its merciless pursuers, whether by the larger beasts of the forest, or by men as cruel as they, the thirst and exhaustion are intolerable. Under a tropical sun, mixing with dust and glare, life ebbs apace, the eyes forsake their office or present false images, and the feet, though anxious to bear their load, fail through utter exhaustion. The camel, which the Arabs beautifully style "the ship of the desert," is said by instinct to quicken its pace as he approaches the place of water, though many miles distant. How earnest was the desire of Dives for a drop of cold water to cool his parched tongue! little less earnest is the poor traveller, on eastern sands and under an eastern sun, for the precious reviving water-brooks, yielding only in sweetness and importance to the water of life. Thus the simile of the psalmist is full of force and meaning. May we feel the power of this pious sentiment! and we may be assured that our desires will be all realized.W. Brown. AFRICAN MISSIONS. WHILE missionary exertions are being made on a large scale for the benefit of the emancipated negroes of the West Indies, it will be well to remember that the claims ing to us, and, extending her hands, asks our pity and commiseration. She has a heavy claim against us for injuries long continued and severe. In common with a sinful world, has our ́nation been guilty of tearing their sons and daughters from her coast, and leading them into dire captivity. Still is this horrible traffic in human blood carried on by some nations. Scarcely can a spot be found from the Senegal to the Congo, but what has been trodden by those monsters in human shape-dealers in the bones and sinews of our fellow-men; while hardly any region has received the merciful visits of the missionary of salvation. Would it rejoice your hearts to put an end to this accursed traffic in human flesh? Send the missionaries of Jesus to these regions of darkness and of blood. The king of one of the native tribes, in the interior of the western coast, literally walks to his throne in human blood. His palace is paved with the skulls and bones of his enemies slain in battle, and the walls and roof are ornamented with the same horrid trophies. The ruler of another nation sacrificed upon the grave of his mother no less than three thousand victims, two thousand of whom were prisoners; and, not long since, at the death of one of their sovereigns, the sacrifice was continued weekly for three months, slaying each time two hundred slaves! Do you wish to stop these horrid rites, and to convert the murderous ceremony into habits of civilized and christian society? Send then the missionary of Jesus to these gloomy abodes, where no sabbath delights, no gospel sounds, no bible enlightens! Africa may thus be regenerated." MY SAVIOUR.I am sure my Well-beloved is God. And when I say Christ is God, and my Christ is God, I have said all things; I can say no more. I would I could build as much on this, My Christ is God, as it would bear: I might lay all the world upon it, John x. 28; John i. 49; Col. i. 16, 17. Rutherford. One SIN.-One leak will sink a ship, of Africa on christian sympathy are strong and one sin will destroy a sinner, Gen. ii. and urgent. The following extract from an American missionary report is well cal-17; Ezek. xviii. 4.-Bunyan. "Africa! poor benighted Africa! is look JOHN DAVIS, 56, Paternoster Row, London, Price d. each, or in Monthly Parts, containing Five Numbers in a Cover, 3d W. TYLER, Printer, Bolt-court, Fleet-street. "And a man shall be as a hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land."-Isaiah xxxii. 2. THE evangelical prophet, in this sublime passage, has beautifully described in glowing imagery the exalted work and Divine sufficiency of the Redeemer. This, like other passages, derives a point and an additional force by travelling under the sun of an Indian climate. The prophet, in the first part of the passage, alludes to the terrible tempests which sometimes desolate these countries. In the year 1831, no less than from fifteen to twenty thousand people were destroyed in Balasore district by the tempests of October. The ships on the coast were some of them thrown upon the shore by the breaking in of the sea, and afterwards left dry. Almost every thing, ani VOL III. mal and vegetable, was swept away by the wild tornadoes to inevitable destruction. In vain were banks and ancient boundaries opposed to the wide-spreading waters, urged on by the tremendous whirlwind which raged. O how sweet would then have been a covert from the tempest! The next year's storm, equally dreadful, destroyed every house in the town; not one escaped without injury. The judge's house, though the strongest and best, withstood not the terrible hurricane. "Men's hearts failing for fear, the seas and the waves thereof roaring." "As a river of water in a dry place,' "life-preserving streams, and the "shadow of a great rock in a weary land." Next to water and food there is nothing like a shade. How it refreshes the weary pilgrim! Seldom do we find in Orissa such a shade as the "shadow of a great rock;" the deep shade of a venerable tree whose NN tough branches have borne storms of a century, afford, nevertheless, an inviting retreat from the broiling influence of the sun. This passage always recurs to my mind when sitting in the much-desired recess. Often whilst sitting under some shade, surrounded by the naked barbarians of these deep jungles, I thought myself as happy as any man could be. Let those who know spiritually this heavenly Rock, repose under its shadow, secure from the tempest May we build upon this Rock; and when the rain comes, and the floods descend, and may beat upon our house, our house shall not fall, for it is founded upon a Rock.-W. Brown. DRESS. THE COXCombry of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries must not be spared; since the clergy of the time in their pulpits, and the king in council, declaimed and decreed against its excesses. Thus, the beaux had their long-pointed shoes cut on the front with the rich tracery of a church window, and the points fastened to their knees by gold and silver chains. Their habits were of innumerable colours; the beard was worn long, and the head was embroidered with figures of animals, which, like lappets, buttoned beneath the chest, and were sometimes enriched with jewels. The females also wore as many colours as possible; little caps were fastened on with cords; and girdles with short swords hung before the stomach. like a woman's stays, across a stomacher, and their gowns were open in front, above and below the girdle. The coxcombry of the two preceding centuries was almost exceeded in the present. Beaux wore a boot on one leg, and a stocking on the other; and winter mantles, with sleeves that hung down to the ground, and licked up the dirt of the streets. The borders of these habits were frequently embroidered with verses of Latin, hymns or psalms in gold, and the garment itself was sometimes of red and white silk. Among the female fashions, were outer corsets or boddiced waists, and enormous trains to the gowns, which were discontinued for borders about the middle of the century. There were two peculiar headdresses: one was the horned, of two elevations, like a heart in cards, with the bottom cut off, as shown on a monumental brass of Maud, wife of John Fosbrok,* in Cranford Church, Northamptonshire; this lady having been nurse to King Henry v1. The other extraordinary head-dress was the steeple-fashion: so immoderately high and broad was this head-gear worn, that we read of the doors of state apartments being raised and widened, in 1416, that the head-dresses of the company might have room to enter. The fabric was supported by a horn on each side, and from each top was suspended a silken streamer, which fluttered in the wind, or crossed the breast, and was tied to the arm. In this century should not, however, be forgotten the common bonnet, that is, one with shades over the cheeks, which now first appears. Shoes also were regularly manufactured, and the Cordwainers' Company incorporated in 1410: the queen of Richard II. introduced the piked shoes, with chains, &c., and Edward IV. proclaimed that beaks of skin and boots should not exceed two inches in length, upon pain of cursing by the clergy, and a fine of twenty shillings; and any cordwainer that "shod" any man or woman on the sunday was to pay thirty shillings. The piked shoe next gave way to the rosette fastening. Ribands of every colour, except white, the emblem of the depressed house of York, were had in esteem; but the red, like the house of Lancaster, held the pre-eminence; thus denoting the antique origin of the rosette of our day, from the full-blown riband rose of the In the fifteenth century, gowns became less frequent, and the skirts of the tunic more puckered. The sleeves were like those of bishops; though few of our fair readers, and perchance once wearers of bishops' sleeves, are aware that they were in fashion nearly three and a half centuries ago. The cloaks, or appendages to tunics, had large flaps. In this century the jacket, originally the same as the doublet, differed materially from it; for, at this time, both were often worn together; then the jacket served as an upper tunic, and, like the doublet, it eventually lost its proper name, and is now called a coat. The breeches or hose were tight, the sleeves of the doublets were pinked to show the shirt, and the men wore their hair very long. Strutt, however, says, at the end of this century, the dress was exceedingly absurd and fantastical, so that it was difficult to distinguish one sex from the other. The men wore petticoats over their lower clothing; their doublets were laced in front, present paper. Ancestrix of the Rev. Tomas Dudle Fosbrok, to whose valuable "Encyclopædia of Antiquities," we are indebted for many of the leading facts of the house of Tudor. Representations of ladies in hunting-dresses at this period differ but little from the present riding-habit: one bears a bow in her hand and a quiver of arrows at her side, and another has a horn resembling a bugle, slung from the right shoulder across to the left side.-Domestic Life in England. CHEMISTRY.-No. XVIII. THE salts formed by carbonic acid are called carbonates. If sulphuric acid be poured on any of these salts, they will effervesce, and evolve carbonic acid. Many of them are found abundantly in a native state; particularly carbonate of lime, of which chalk, limestone, and marble are varieties. Among the carbonates we may mention that of potash, usually called salt of tartar; the carbonate of animonia, the common smelling salt; and the carbonates of soda, barytes, strontites, and magnesia. The carbonic acid will also combine with copper, tin, and other metals. As the salts that are formed by chlorine were not described when that substance was treated of, they may be here mentioned. The chlorates are a remarkable class of salts, possessing properties that distinguish them from all others. When raised to a high temperature, in connexion with a combustible body, they explode with great violence by friction, and sometimes without any mechanical force. When mixed with sulphur and charcoal, they produce the most dreadful explosions; while, in some instances, they have nearly proved fatal to those who have experimented on them. The chlorates are capable of being dissolved in water. Chlorine combines with potash, soda, lime, and magnesia. The FLUATES, so named from their base, fluoric acid, are capable of decomposition by sulphuric acid, and yield a vapour that has the property of corroding glass. They are not altered by the application of heat, and are scarcely soluble in water. The fluates of lime, soda, ammonia, and alumnia, are the most important. The BORACIC SALTS, called borates, are all capable of being melted into glass. By mixing them with different metallic oxides, glass of various colours may be made. They are not subject to decomposition from heat. The borates of barytes, lime, magnesia, and potash, and the sub-borate of soda, called in commerce borax, are the most important. The ARSENIC SALTS, or ARSENIATES, when heated with charcoal, yield arsenic, which may be known by its peculiar smell, resembling that of garlic. We have also the arsenites, the tungstastes, the acetates, the tartrates, the citrates, the camphorates, and the prussiates. Many of the salts have been formed by the chemist, but can be applied to no particular use; while others, with those that are of native production, are of the greatest importance in domestic economy, medicine, the arts, and chemical examination. Salts are distinguished from each other by their taste, and their power of resisting or yielding to the effects of heat; but more especially by the form of their crystals. We may here make a few remarks in relation to the phenomena of crystallization. All persons must have observed the variety of form assumed by different bodies when in a crystallized state; some having four, others six, eight, or more sides. Crystallization may be defined, in general terms, as the regular figures which bodies assume when their particles have full liberty to combine according to the laws of cohesion. An example of crystallization may be shown by a very simple experiment. Take a small quantity of sulphate of soda, (Glauber salt,) and after having dried it thoroughly, dissolve it in about three times its bulk of hot water. When perfectly dissolved, set the solution aside to cool, and the salt will gradually separate itself from the superfluous water, and form itself into crystals; or, if the water that has not combined with the salt be evaporated, a solid crystallized substance will be presented. Bodies are crystallized both by solution and by fusion. Some of them will dissolve only in hot water, others in water at any temperature. The more gradually the process proceeds, the more regular will be the form of the crystals; but perfect rest will sometimes prevent the formation of crystals. The presence of atmospheric air is necessary during the act of crystallization; and even light has a tendency to accelerate the process. The water that combines with any substance, and forms part of the crys tallized body, is called the water of crystallization; and the residue is called mother water; some bodies combine with a small portion of water, while others unite with considerably more than their own weight of that fluid. When a salt has the property of absorbing water from the atmosphere, it is said to be deliquescent; and when it parts with |