HISTRION'ICAL, adj.) Lat. histrio; Fr. histrion. Befitting HISTRION'ICALLY, adv. the stage; suitable to a player; becoming a buffoon; theatrical. HIT, v. a., v. n., & n. s. Goth. and Swed. hetta; Dan. hitti: Minsheu says from Lat ictus. To strike; to touch with a blow; to touch the mark; to attain or reach; to be conformable or adapted; to catch by the right bait: to hit off is to determine luckily: to hit out to perform by good luck also, to clash; to chance; to succeed; to light on: a stroke; a fortuitous event; a lucky chance. And king Emetrius, for all his strengthe Having the sound of ancient poets ringing in his ears, he mought needs in singing hit out some of their Spenser. tunes. Oft expectation fails, and most oft there Your father's image is so hit in you, His very air, that I should call you brother, Id. The king hath laid, that in a dozen passes between you and him, he shall not exceed you three hits. Id. There is a kind of conveying of effectual and imprinting passages amongst compliments, which is of singular use, if a man can hit upon it. Bacon. The experiment of binding of thoughts would be diversified, and you are to note whether it hits for the most part. Id. Natural History. Hail, divinest melancholy! Whose saintly visage is too bright To hit the sense of human sight. But thou bringest valour too and wit, Two things that seldom fail to hit. Milton. Hudibras. Id. But with more lucky hit than those That use to make the stars depose. When I first saw her I was presently stricken; and I, like a foolish child, that when any thing hits him will strike himself again upon it, would needs look again, as though I would persuade mine eyes that they were deceived. Sidney. Id. Is he a god that ever flies the light? It is much, if men were from eternity, that they should not find out the way of writing sooner: sure he was a fortunate man, who, after men had been eternally so dull as not to find it out, had the luck at last to hit upon it. Tillotson. What prince soever can hit off this great secret, need know no more either for his own safety, or that of the people he goveras. Temple. You've hit upon the very string, which touched, Dryden's Spanish Fryar. There's a just medium betwixt eating two much and too little; and this dame had hit upon't, when the matter was so ordered that the hen brought her every day an egg. L'Estrange. The fisherman's waiting, and the lucky hit it had in the conclusion, tell us, that honest endeavours will not fail. Id. If bodies be extension alone, how can they move and hit one against another; or what can make distinct surfaces in an uniform extension? Locke. Birds learning tunes, and their endeavours to hit the notes right, put it past doubt that they have perception, and retain ideas, and use them for patterns. Id. His conscience shall hit him in the teeth, and tell him his sin and folly. South. So hard it is to tremble, and not to err, and to hit the mark with a shaking hand. Id. If the rule we judge by be uncertain, it is odds but we shall judge wrong; and, if we should judge right, yet it is not properly skill, but chance; not a true judgment but a lucky hit. Id. Addison. Prior. None of them hit upon the art. If casual concourse did the world compose, To suppose a watch, by the blind hits of chance, to perform diversity of orderly motions; without the regulation of art, this were the more pardonable absurdity. Granville. There's but a true and a false prediction in any telling of fortune; and a man that never hits on the right side, cannot be called a bad guesser, but must miss out of design. Bentley. All human race would fain be wits, Swift. Skinner. To catch; to move by jerks. I know Whoe'er offends at some unlucky time And the sad burthen of some merry song. Pope. Saxon, hiðen, hydenpeand. The primary idea is approximation, whether of sign; used in opposition to thither: hithermost, time, place, or denearest on this side: hitherto, yet; at every time till the present: hitherwards, this way; this road; towards the place nearest to the speaker. Frende! what is thy name? Art thou come hider to have fame ? Chaucer. Id. Pandare answered: Be we comen hither He could not have failed to add the opposition of ill spirits to the good alone: this has hitherto been Id. Juvenal. the practice of the moderns. To correct them, is a work that has hitherto been Swift. assumed by the least qualified hands. Come hither, ye that press your beds of down The HIVE, n. s., v. a., & v. n. Į Sax. hype, from But while that I beheld this sight, Chaucer. The House of Fame. stench, Are from their hives and houses driven away. Shakspeare. So wandering bees would perish in the air, Waller. cerns. In summer we wander in a paradisaical scene, among groves and gardens; but at this season we get into warmer houses, and hive together in cities. Pope's Letters. What modern masons call a lodge, was by antiquity called a hive of free masous; and therefore, when a dissention happens, the going off is to this day called Swift. swarming. HIVITES, an ancient people descended from Canaan, who dwelt at first in the country afterwards possessed by the Caphtorims, or Philistines, of Scripture. There were also Hivites in the centre of the promised land; for the Shechemites and the Gibeonites were Hivites. Gen. xxxiv. 2. Josh. xi. 19. There were also some beyond Jordan, at the foot of Mount Hermon. Bochart says, that Cadmus, who carried a colony of Phoenicians into Greece, was a Hivite. He derives Cadmus from the Hebrew Kedem, i. e. the east, because he was of the eastern part of Canaan; and Hermione, from Hermon. See HEVEI. HO, interj. Lat. eho. A call; a sudden exclamation to give notice of a D HOA. proach, or any thing else. What noise there, ho? Shakspeare. Here dwells my father Jew: hoa, who's within ? Stand, ho! speak the word along Like boys, kings would start forth, and cry, Id. Id. Id. Ho, swain, what shepherd owns that ragged sheep HOADLEY (Benjamin), successively bishop of Bangor, Hereford, Salisbury, and Winchester, was born in 1676. His first preferment was the rectory of St. Peter le Poor, and the lectureship of St. Mildred's in the Poultry. In 1706 he published some Remarks on bishop Atterbury's Sermon at the funeral of Mr. Bennet. Two years after, Mr. Hoadley again entered the lists against this formidable antagonist; and in his Exceptions against a sermon published by Dr. Atterbury, entitled The Power of Charity to cover Sin, he attacked the doctor with his usual strength of reasoning. In 1709 another dispute arose be tween these two learned combatants, concerning the doctrine of non-resistance, occasioned by a performance of Mr. Hoadley's, entitled The Measures of Obedience; some positions in which Dr. Atterbury endeavoured to confute, in his elegant Latin sermon, preached that year before the London clergy. In this debate Mr. Hoadley signalised himself in so eminent a degree, that the house of commons addressed the queen, to grant him some preferment as a reward for the signal services he had rendered to the cause of civil and religious liberty. But the principles which he espoused were repugnant to the temper of those times; and the queen, though she promised to attend to their requests, never did So. A Mrs. Howland, however, presented him, unasked, to the rectory of Streatham in Surrey. Soon after the accession of king George I. he was consecrated bishop of Bangor: but in 1717, having broached some opinions concerning the nature of Christ's kingdom, &c., he again became the object of popular clamor; when he was distinguished by another mark of royal regard, by the convocation being successively prorogued, till that resentment had subsided. În 1721 he was translated to Hereford; in 1723 to Salisbury; and in 1734 to Winchester: when he published his Plain Account of the Sacrament; which also occasioned much controversy. As a writer, he possessed uncommon abilities. His Sermons (published in 1754 and 1755) are esteemed inferior to few writings in the English language, for plainness and perspicuity, energy, strength of reasoning, and a free and masterly style. In private life he was facetious, easy, and complying; fond of company, yet would frequently leave it for study or devotion. He died in 1761, aged eighty-three. Besides the above, he wrote, 1. Terms of Acceptance, 8vo. 2. Reasonableness of Conformity. 3. On the Sacrament. His tracts and pamphlets are extremely numerous; and the reader may see a catalogue of them in the Supplement to the Biog. Brit. HOADLEY (Benjamin), M. D. and F.R.S., son of the bishop, was born in 1706; and studied at Benet College, Cambridge, under the tuition of Dr. afterwards Archbishop Herring. Applying himself to mathematics and philosophy, he was, when very young, admitted a member of the Royal Society. He was made register of Hereford, and was appointed physician to his majesty's household, but died at his house in Chelsea in 1757. He wrote, 1. Three Letters on the Organs of Respiration, 4to. 2. The Suspicious Husband, a comedy. 3. Observations on a Series of Electrical Experiments; and 4. Oratio Anniversaria, in Theatro Col. Med. Londin. ex Harvei Instituto, habita die 18° Octob. 1742. HOAIN-GAN-FOO, or HWOOEE-GAN-FOO, a considerable city of China, in the province of Kiangnan, situated on the bank of the great canal. Its population crowded round the late British embassy under lord Amherst. There is a large dock yard in the vicinity; and the canal is above the level of the town. Long. 118° 47′ E., lat. 53° 30′ N. HOANG-HO, or Yellow River, a remarkable river of China, and one of the most promi nent features in its geography. See CHINA. It derives its name from the yellow color given it by the clay and sand washed down in the time of rain. After a course of nearly 600 leagues, it discharges itself into the Eastern Sea not far from the mouth of the Kiang. Though broad and rapid, it is in many places too shallow for any important navigation: it is also liable to overflow its banks, so that it has been necessary in many places to raise dikes on the side of it for the defence of the country. HOANG-TCHEOU, a city of China of the first rank, in the province of Hou-Quang, on the Yang-Tse, 585 miles south of Pekin. HOAR, adj. HOAR FROST, N. S. HOAR'INESS, n. s. HOAR'Y, adj. frost is the congelations of dew on frosty mornings: hoary, mouldy; mossy or rusty. Sax. hap; Isl. har; Goth. hara. White; gray with Sage; white with frost: hoar When the dew was gone up, behold upon the face Though I be hoor, I fare as doth a tre Chaucer. The Merchantes Tale. A comely palmer clad in black attire Knolles's History. Solyman, marvelling at the courage and majesty of the hoary old prince in his so great extremity, dismissed him and sent him again into the city. Id. The seasons alter; hoary headed frosts A people, Oft listening how the hounds and horn Milton. L'Allegro. He grows a wolf, his hoariness remains, Then in full age and hoary holiness, Gay's Rural Sports. the water in the air begins to freeze, which is known by hoar-frosts. Arbuthnot. Youth and hoar age, and man drives man along. Pope. Island of bliss, all assaults Thomson. HOARD, n. s., v. al & v. n. Į Saxon hond; HOARD'ER, n. s. Teutonic hord, a treasure. A store laid up in secret; a hidden stock; a treasure: to lay up in store; to store or preserve secretly: sometimes it is enforced by the particle up. Ful riche was his tresour and his hord, For which ful fast his counter dore he shet. Chaucer. The Shipmannes Tale. He feared not once himself to be in need, Nor cared to hoard for those whom he did breed. Spenser, Happy always was it for that son, Whose father for his hoarding went to hell. Shakspeare. I have a venturous fairy, that shall seek The squirrel's hoard, and fetch thee thence new nuts. Id. The hoarded plague of the gods requite your love! Id. Beauty is nature's coin, must not be hoarded, But must be current, and the good thereof Consists in mutual and partaken bliss Unsavoury in the enjoyment of itself. Milton, Comus. The base wretch who hoards up all he can, Is praised, and called a careful thrifty man. Dryden. Rogers, You will be unsuccessful, if you give out of a great man, who is remarkable for his frugality for the pubsick, that he squanders away the nation's money; but you may safely relate that he hoards it. Arbuthnot's Art of Political Lying. HOARE (William), was born in the year 1707, of respectable parents, at Eye in Suffolk, and received the advantages of education in a school at that time of high repute for classical instruction. He discovered an early disposition for painting; and, after he left school, his father carried him to London, and placed him under the tuition of Grisoni, an Italian painter. From the skill of Grisoni the scholar could derive little profit; but it is probable that from his conversation he imbibed that ardent desire of visiting the works of the Italian masters, which prompted him to set the example of a system afterwards pursued with so much avidity and success by most of our young students in painting. The name of William Hoare stands first on the list of those English painters who have resorted to Italy, with a view to professional improvement. Arriving at Rome, he placed himself in the school of Francisco Imperiali, and was the fellow pupil of Pompeio Battoni. During a residence of nine years in Italy he made numerous copies of the historical works of the great masters, and he returned to England filled with visionary hopes, and an ardent love of his profession, which did not desert him even at the latest period of an extended life. Finding himself a stranger in London, and without the means of rendering his talents known, he accepted an invitation from some of his friends who resided at Bath, in Somersetshire, and there found such constant employment in painting portraits, that he was induced to settle in that city. From the study of Rosalba's pictures, he added the practice of crayons to that of oil-painting, and carried it to a degree of excellence second only to the powers of that celebrated paintress. He maintained at Bath a very high character as a portrait painter. He gave to the altar of St. Michael's church, at Bath, a figure of our Saviour, as large as life; and afterwards painted for the octagon chapel, in that city, an historical composition, representing The Miracle at the Pool of Bethesda.' These exertions procured him commissions for a few historical pictures, the principal merit of which consists in the display of an elegant taste, and faithful study of nature. Residing at a distance from the metropolis, where the competition of younger artists was continually accelerating the advance of English art, he retained to the last the style which he had adopted in the Italian school. His most celebrated portrait in oil is a half-length of William Pitt, the first earl of Chatham. On the formation of the Royal Academy he was elected one of the original members, and was a constant exhibitor for many years. He died at Bath in 1792. HOARHOUND, Lat. marrubium. A plant. Hoarhound has its leaves and flower-cup covered very thick with a white hoariness: it is famous for the relief it gives in moist asthmas, of which a thick and viscous matter is the cause; but it is now little used. Hill. HOARHOUND. See MARRUBIUM. HOARSELY, ado. Sax. har; Swed. hes; Belg. haarsch. Having HOARSE'NESS, N. s. the voice rough, as with a cold; having a rough sound. Me thought, I herde an hunter blowe Tassay his gret horne, and to knowe Whethre it were clere or horse of sowne. Chaucer. Boke of the Duchesse. Come, sit, sit, and a song. -Clap into't roundly, without hawking or spitting, or saying we are hoarse. Shakspeare. I oft have heard him say, how he admired Men of your large profession that could speak To every cause, and things mere contraries Till they were hoarse again, yet all be law. Ben Jonson. The voice is sometimes intercluded by an hoarseness, or viscous phlegm. Holder. I had a voice in heaven, ere sulph'rous steams Had damped it to a hoarseness. Dryden. King Arthur. The bounds at nearer distance hoarsely bayed; The hunter close pursued the visionary maid. Dryden. The want of it in the wind-pipe occasions hoarseness in the gullet, and difficulty of swallowing. Arbuthnot on Aliments. HOARSENESS is a diminution or temporary loss of the voice, sometimes attended with a preternatural asperity or roughness of utterance. The parts affected are the trachea and larynx. It is occasioned by a slight inflammation of the mucous membrane covering those parts; and is relieved by mucilaginous linctuses; warm diluting drinks, such as bran-tea, linseed-tea, &c.; assisted by opiates and sudorific medicines taken at bed-time. HOBBES (Thomas), born at Malmsbury in 1588, was the son of a clergyman. He completed his studies at Oxford, and being afterwards patronized by the Devonshire family, attended one of the sons in his travels through France and Italy, during which he translated Thucydides. In 1626 his patron the earl of Devonshire died; and in 1628 his son died also. In 1631 the countess dowager of Devonshire desired to put the young earl under his care, who was then about the age of thirteen. In 1634 he re-published his translation of Thucydides, which he had previously given to the world in 1628. The same year he accompanied his noble pupil to Paris, where he applied his vacant hours to the study of natural philosophy. From Paris he attended his pupil into Italy, where at Pisa he became known to Galileo, soon after which he returned with the earl of Devonshire into England. Afterwards, foreseeing the civil wars, he went to seek a retreat at Paris; where he became intimate with the famous Des Cartes, with whom he afterwards kept up a correspondence upon several mathematical subjects, as appears from his letters published in Des Cartes's works. In 1642 Mr. Hobbes first printed a few copies of his book De Cive, which, in proportion as it became known, raised him many adversaries, who charged him with instilling principles of a dangerous tendency. While in France Sir Charles Cavendish, brother to the duke of Newcastle, proved a constant friend and patron to Mr. Hobbes; who, by engaging, in 1645, in a controversy about squaring the circle, became so famous, that in 1647 he was recommended to instruct Charles II. in mathematics. In 1647 was printed in Holland, by M. Sorbiere, a more complete edition of his De Cive; to which are prefixed two Latin letters to the editors by Gassendi, and F. Mersenne, in He commendation of it: and in 1650 was published at London a small treatise of Mr. Hobbes's, entitled Human Nature; and another, De Corpore Politico. All this time he had been digesting his religious, political, and moral principles, into a complete system, called the Leviathan, which was printed at London in 1650 and 1651. In 1660, upon the Restoration, he came up to London, where he obtained from the king an annual pension of £100. But in 1666 his Leviathan, and his treatise De Cive, were censured by Parliament; which alarmed him very much, as did also a bill brought into the house of commons to punish atheism and profaneness. In 1669 he was visited by Cosmo de Medicis, afterwards duke of Tuscany, who gave him ample marks of his esteem; and having received his picture, and a complete collection of his writings, caused them to be deposited among his curiosities, in the library at Florence. was also visited by foreign ambassadors and other strangers, who were curious to see a person whose opinions had been so widely celebrated. In 1672 he wrote his own Life in Latin verse, when he had completed his eighty-fourth year; and in 1674 he published a poetical English version of the four books of Homer's Odyssey; which were so well received, that he translated the whole Iliad and Odyssey, which he likewise published in 1675. About this time he went to spend the remainder of his days in Derbyshire : where, notwithstanding his advanced age, he published several pieces, to be found in his works. He died in 1679, aged ninety-two. In his last sickness his frequent questions were, whether his disease was curable? and when intimations were given that he might have ease, but no remedy, he said, 'I shall be glad to find a hole to creep out of the world at; which are reported to have been his last sensible words. Hobbes's style is incomparably better than that of any other writer in the reign of Charles I. He has in transiation,' says Granger, done Thucydides as much justice as he has done injury to Homer. But he was for striking out new paths in science, government, and religion; and for removing the land-marks of former ages. His ethics have a strong tendency to corrupt our morals, and his politics to destroy that liberty which is the birth-right of every human creature. He is commonly represented as a sceptic in religion, and dogmatist in philosophy; but he was a dogmatist in both. The main principles of his Leviathan are as little founded on moral or evangelical truths, as the rules he has laid down for squaring the circle are in mathematical demonstration. His book on human nature is esteemed the best of his works.' HOBBIMA (Minderhout), an eminent landscape painter, born about 1611 at Antwerp. He studied entirely after nature, and his choice was exceedingly picturesque. He was particularly fond of describing slopes diversified with shrubs, plants, or trees, which conduct the eye to some building, ruin, grove, or piece of water, and frequently to a delicate remote distance. The figures which he designed are but indifferent. Conscious of his inability in that respect, he admitted but few figures into his |
