understand their own rights, and the danger to which they are exposed.

miraculously elastic, refuses at last to receive any more. A short time ago, whole troops of these ejected sufferers might be seen sitting night by If we could rely upon a strict application of the night on the cold and damp staircases, arranged true principles of law, we might perhaps close with like flower-pots on the stands of a greenhouse! the advocates of slavery, upon their own declaraWe submit these things to the consideration tion. We should not ask Congress to enact a law, of all ranks and professions-to every holder of property, whether urban or provincial. London or adopt a resolution, prohibiting slaveholders, or is the fountain and head-spring of seven-tenths any other class of citizens, from moving into the of the crime of England; the hotbed in which ceded territory, and carrying their property with are conceived and ripened those deeds of fraud them. The people of Pennsylvania or Massachusetts and violence which are afterwards perpetrated by do not enact laws themselves, or request Congress to metropolitan emissaries. This fact is established make them, prohibiting the citizens of any state beyond a doubt by the inquiries of the Con- whatever, from migrating into their territories and stabulary Commissioners; and it surely demands carrying their property with them. But in this the serious reflection of all speculators, and case, the immigrants and their property too, must seekers of political security, in the improved be subject to the laws of the state into which they education of the people. Thus much for personal and social interests. Of others of a graver and If a slave is the property of his master in more solid wisdom, we demand, whether a state South Carolina, and as such is carried to Massaof things so awfully degrading, and yet so easily chusetts, where he becomes instantly free, the removed, should any longer be permitted to exist slaveholder is not prohibited from carrying his under the dominion of a Christian Sovereign. property into Massachusetts, but he is merely prevented from holding a human being as property, under a jurisdiction which recognizes every man as the proprietor of his own bones and sinews.

FRIENDS' REVIEW.

PHILADELPHIA, THIRD MONTH 11, 1848.

According to recent intelligence from Washington there appears reason to apprehend that measures for the cession of a large portion of Mexican territory will be consummated by the Senate. If the treaty should be ratified by the two governments, New Mexico and Upper California must become parts of the territory of the United States. The former is estimated to contain 95,700 square miles, with a population of 60,000; and the latter 420,000 square miles, and 30,000 inhabitants. Supposing the contemplated measure to be carried into effect, a question of overwhelming importance is at once presented to our view: In what capacity is this new accession to our territory to be occupied ?

Even while the cession was apparently remote and uncertain, the advocates of slavery have boldly insisted that Congress has no power to prohibit the owners of slaves from moving into the ceded territory, and carrying their property with them. The meaning of this declaration is easily understood. Such parts of this extensive territory as will bear the burden of slave culture are to be occupied by slaveholders and slaves; while, as a necessary consequence, free labour, and those institutions which a free population is sure to form, must be excluded. There is abundant reason to fear that this will be the actual result, and it is therefore of the utmost importance that the inhabitants of the free States, or rather that the friends of republican freedom and equal laws, should

remove.

So in case of the removal of a slaveholder with his slaves from South Carolina, into New Mexico or Upper California, the right of removal, with such articles, living or dead, as the laws of South Carolina make absolute property, is not called in question. But the inquiry immediately arises, what authority can the laws or usages of South Carolina confer on the emigrant who has passed beyond her jurisdiction? The claimants in question seem to forget that the relation of master and slave is not a natural one; that the right of ownership to a man is not like the right to a horse, of universal

recognition: but that slavery, as far as it is a legal institution at all, is merely municipal; and must be bounded by the jurisdiction of the power that supports it. Being a slave in South Carolina, no more makes a man a slave in New Mexico, than being a slave in Constantinople or Samarcand. If he is

legally held as a slave in New Mexico, it must be by force of the laws of that place, and not by virtue

of Carolina law.

Now it is well understood that slavery is not a legal institution in any part of the Mexican territory. Upon what principle of law can the emigrant slaveholder then claim property in man, when he takes possession of the ceded territory? It cannot be done by the laws of the state from which he removed, for they do not extend beyond the boundaries of the state. It is a settled principle of law, that in case of conquest or cession, the relations of man to man, and the rights of property, remain unchanged. The laws of Mexico as they were, previous to the cession, must be in force after the trans

fer, until revoked by competent authority. Unless Congress should legalize slavery in the ceded territory, the act of cession will not render slavery lawful in New Mexico or Upper California.

But the great danger is, and one against which early provision ought to be made, that slavery will be introduced into the new settlements in total defi

ance of law. It is probably true, if not absolutely certain, that slavery was never introduced into civilized society, under the sanction of law. During the days of villanage in England, no man was deemed a villein or slave, if any of his paternal ancestors could be shown to have been free. Slavery must have immemorially existed in the paternal line, or it did not legally exist at all. When the first twenty slaves were imported into Virginia, they were not held by law, but without it. Wherever slavery has been tolerated, it has been introduced in fact before it was established by law. Hence slavery comes to be recognized as an existing institution; owing its legality to usage.

MARRIED,-On Third-day the 7th instant, at Friends' meeting, Sixth street, Philadelphia, CHAS. WALTON to DEBORAH LIGHTFOOT, both of this city.

DIED,--At Shrewsbury, New Jersey, Second month 17th, 1848, MARY WILLIAMS, daughter of the late Tylee Williams, in the 36th year of her age.

qualities of mind, she was greatly beloved by those Possessed of superior endowments, and amiable among whom her lot was cast, and gave promise of being a polished shaft in the Master's hand. Whilst, with too many young persons, there was a lack of entire dedication to Him whom she loved from glaring deviations, and to have been of late and honoured, she appears to have been preserved years, sweetly submitting to the preparing hand. The discipline of protracted and acute suffering was seen to be meet for her, and gently casting her could not have spared one pang as a preparation care upon a faithful Creator, she testified that she for an introduction into the realms of blessedness." Strongly attached to the religious society of which it was her privilege to be a member, and earnestly solicitous for its welfare, although unable for some purified spirit has left a void which is sensibly felt, years to attend its meetings, the removal of this even as a loss to the church. As the time of her departure drew near, her physical sufferings increased, yet her better life, as she approached its fulness, was renewed day by day; and, leaning on her Saviour's breast, she was preserved calm and collected to the very last. At a moment of great prostration she said-"Weep not for me-my

If the ceded territory should be filled up with emigrants from the United States, without any provision for the exclusion of slavery, there is a strong probability that such portions, as are suited to slave cultivation, may be occupied by slaveholders and slaves and that this slavery will be maintained under shadow of the Missouri compromise; though that compromise was designed to apply to the terri-Heavenly Father deals very gently with me," tory then belonging to the United States, and not sire for patience, and her trust that it was her at and repeated our Lord's prayer, expressing her deto that hereafter acquired. Under such circum-tainment, as also her comfort, in the hope that she stances it will no doubt be an invidious, probably a dangerous task, to attempt the legal investigation of the authority by which the slaves may be held. In this manner slavery may be established by usage, until that usage acquires the force of law. After which a state government may be formed under a slaveholding influence, and claim a place in the Union on a level with the original

states.

Without stopping to examine the cost already incurred, we may justly reflect that the money to be paid for the ceded territory must, in all probability, be chiefly drawn from the people of the free states, Are we then willing to contribute our money, and assume the moral responsibility of extending the evils of slavery over a tract of country from which it is now excluded? Shall the future historian record the fact, and will posterity believe, that in the middle of the nineteenth century, a people professedly the most free and enlightened on the globe, reestablished the system of slavery on a soil from which it had been previously expelled by a semibarbarous nation?

had a building with God eternal in the Heavens she said that the prayer on her behalf, of a friend who had visited her, was heard in Heaven. Taking evening, the 15th, she expressed considerable in an affectionate leave of her family on Third-day the way of exhortation and benediction, and clasping her hands exclaimed, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit in mercy, this night!" She continued during the next day and night, growing gradually weaker, occasionally finding utterance for her feeling; at one time reciting the hymn

"Jesus, refuge of my soul, Let me to thy bosom fly," &c. tal," about 6 o'clock on the ensuing Fifth-day She gently and peacefully "ceased to be mor

morning.

At his residence in this city, on the morning of the 28th ult., JESSE THOMSON, a member of the Northern District Meeting, in the 78th, year of his age.

On the 18th of last month, at his residence JACOB BELL, a member of Rochester meeting, aged in Rochester, N. York, after an illness of two weeks, upwards of 82 years. He was a native of England, and convinced of the truth as professed by the Society of Friends, in his youth, and remained attached to them until his end. Although his power of speech was much impaired, and his words not easily understood, yet it was evident to his family, that on the day of his death, he was engaged in prayer, thanksgiving and praises to the most High. He died without a struggle, and we believe his end was peace.

For Friends' Review.

PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. The kindness of Dr. Kirkbride, the Physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, has furnished the writer with his Seventh Annual Report to the Board of Managers.

We have, from year to year, looked attentively over the Reports of this officer, and have uniformly arisen from the perusal of them with the conviction, that the Board has been particularly fortunate in being able to place the concerns of this noble institution under the management of an individual who, while he gives all his time and energies industriously to the promotion of its great objects, brings to his aid the advantages of an enlightened judgment, matured by a course of study and investigations, bearing directly upon the diseases of the mind.

201 have been in the house at one time. Notwithstanding the extensive accommodations, such is the well-merited confidence reposed in its manangement, that every room in the building has been filled for several weeks together, and further additions will ere long be necessary. Of the 401 under care during the year, 213 were discharged or died—and of these, 111 were cured. The statements of Dr. Kirkbride clearly show, what has been heretofore repeatedly urged, the great importance of an early consignment of a diseased subject to the management of a skilful physician, and the privileges of a well-ordered institution, before the excitements of home and its associations have strengthened the malady,

or time shall have confirmed it.

Among the admissions of 1847, have been many cases of great, and some of peculiar inWhen the popular mind became so well in-terest. A lad only nine years old is among the structed in reference to insanity, as to admit that functional diseases of the brain, if promptly and properly treated, may as naturally yield to the skill of the medical practitioner, as diseases of the stomach, or other organs, a great step was made towards a general melioration of the condition of this afflicted part of our species. The writer well remembers when the practice was common to farm out the crazy of the township to those who would give them a home for the least possible compensation. They were abandoned to their fate, with a hopelessness which cherished no attempt at restoration, and which seemed almost to discard the idea, that they were entitled to the privileges of humanity. The old system of caring for them, or rather, of getting rid of them, was liable to the most revolting abuses; and, indeed, it must be admitted, that, even at this day, and in some parts of our own country, there is abundant room for the exercise, in these matters, of that great practical law of Christianity which teaches love to all, and to do to all as we would have them do to us; ever remembering that they who are more particularly afflicted, have proportionably stronger claims upon our sympathies, and upon our greatest efforts to improve their condition.

We can scarcely refer to a more unquestionable indication of the progress of the age, than the numerous institutions formed for the benefit of the insane, under the care of persons who give their days and their nights to the study of mental diseases, and which are conducted solely with reference to the restoration of the subject-or, if that be impracticable, to the promoting of his coinfort in the greatest possible degree. These duties, in reference to such as are visited by the most dreadful of human maladies, are opened to us as we cherish the promptings of a broad Christian philanthropy, and the full performance of them, will bring in return the rich rewards for well doing.

The average number in the Hospital during the past year was nearly 185—and as many as

number who have been admitted, and who, from an early period of life, has manifested symptoms of mental disease. A child only three years old, whose father was a well-educated full Indian, was brought to the Hospital for advice. This case was one of deep interest, from the very decided character of the symptoms, and the fact that they were induced from fright! A person of "great private worth, and distinguished for his scientific acquirements, but deaf and dumb from birth, after labouring for many months under unequivocal symptoms of mental derange ment, was compelled to enter the Hospital." The Dr. refers to a still more striking combina tion of afflictions, which occurred in a boy whom he had occasion to see frequently, but who does not appear to have entered the Hospital. He had been, as it was believed, blind from his birth; he subsequently lost his hearing-then the power of speech, and, after some interval, unquestionable indications of insanity were manifested, by acts of the most violent and singular character." A sound mind in a sound body, is one of the greatest of earthly blessings. Where these are withheld or destroyed, the true Christian remedy is an acquiescence in the Divine will and a firm reliance upon the wisdom of Him, of whom it is declared, that he doeth all things well. To amuse and instruct, and to soothe the feelings of the inmates of the Insane Hospital, are among the very prominent objects of Dr. Kirkbride and all his assistants. To promote these, the light labours of the farm and the garden are encouraged. A course of lecturesof which fifty were delivered last year by Dr. Curwen, the assistant physician, on various sub jects-is a means of much instruction and mental employment for the patients. They fully appreciate their value, and are greatly interested in Entomology, Electricity, Astronomy, Ornithology, &c., as theya reablyillustrated by the lecturer. Employment and amusements are, we doubt not, with much reason, relied upon as powerful means for the benefit of the patients;

and it does appear to the writer, that the Prin- | rather than to discourage from the proper use cipal of this Institution has been eminently suc- of a remedy whose virtues we would acknowcessful in these and other respects, in the em- ledge with cheerfulness and gratitude, we ployment of a tact, which is above all rule, and transcribe the following case, as it appeared in which comes forward at the needed moment, to a late paper.* INDEX. do the best thing in the best possible manner. The expenditures of the year were $39,814 48, -the receipts were $34,247 40.

Vera Cruz, like the cities of Mexico generally, is greatly over-supplied with enormously large churches, each surmounted with a dome at one end, and a square tower at the other. The towers are literally crammed with bells of all sizes, which are ringing wretchedly out of tune, by way of religious ceremony, a great part of Let others do as they may in these matters the time from daylight in the morning till ten and I feel no disposition to force o'clock at night.

provisions are scarce and remarkably dear. A

Fruit of all sorts is abundant and cheap, but

meal of victuals at the hotel, or any where else, costs a dollar. People eat but twice a day, and scantily at that. Indeed, the natives seem to require but little, and can form no conception of the capacity of a northern stomach. My own appetite being a little sharpened, perhaps, by a sea voyage, I am compelled to use the most diligent exertions at the table to keep them from starving me.

The Mexicans, as a race, are evidently much