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William Storrs Fry, who appeared to catch the infection of his little girl, and died on Third-day of scarlet fever, the 27th of this month. A loss inexpressible such a son, husband, friend, and brother! but I trust that he is for ever at rest in Jesus, through the fulness of His love and grace. The trial is almost inexpressible. Oh! may the Lord sustain us in this time of deep distress. Oh! dear Lord, keep thy unworthy and poor sick servant in this time of unutterable trial; keep me sound in faith, and clear in mind, and be very near to us all."

As the winter of 1844-5 wore away, there was some revival of strength. "She resumed some of her former pursuits-wrote more letters, and took more part in the daily interests of life," and was frequently able to attend her meetings for worship.

The increasing infirmities of her brother-inlaw, Thomas Fowell Buxton, had for some time past distinctly intimated to her, that if life be still, for any considerable length of tine, prolonged to her, she must part with him. This, her fast friend, and early coadjutor, died on the 19th of 2d month, 1845.

mighty, just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints."

As the summer advanced, sea air was considered likely to be advantageous, and she went to Ramsgate, where, under date of 8th month 27th, this entry appears in her diary: "It still pleases my Heavenly Father that afflictions should abound to me in this tabernacle, as I groan, being burthened. Lord, through the fulness of Thy love and pity, and unmerited mercy, be pleased to arise for my help. Bind up my broken heart, heal my wounded spirit, and yet enable Thy servant, through the power of Thy own Spirit, in everything to return Thee thanks, and not to faint in the day of trouble, but in humility and godly fear to show forth Thy praise, Keep me Thine own, through Thy power to do this, and pity and help Thy poor servant who trusteth in Thee."

She had previously written in a letter from the same place, to one of her daughters, "I desire in heart to say, 'Not as I will, but as Thou wilt.' I think none of my friends need fear (as I believe they used to do) my being exalted by the good opinion of my fellow-mortals. I think my state is cast down but not destroyed.' May my Lord, whom I have loved and sought to serve, keep me alive unto Himself, and may He clothe me with His armour that I may stand in the evil day, and after having done all, stand.""

She was very desirous once more to visit Norfolk. With difficulty she reached Earlham, where she remained many weeks, enjoying, so far as she was capable, the society and kindness of the loved ones she found there. Although her sufferings sometimes overcame her and On the 14th of 9th month she attended the weighed her down, yet she frequently went to small meeting of Friends at Drapers, a few miles meeting at Norwich. She was drawn up the from Ramsgate, and preached a remarkable seraisle in her wheeled chair, and thence, it is said, mon on the nearness of death, and the necessity "ministered with extraordinary life and power of immediate preparation and repentance. Two to those present." Here we cannot withhold days afterwards the last entry was made in her the exclamation-what a history had hers been, Journal. Two or three weeks subsequent to since, a wild and heedless girl, she sat in that this, in a remarkably solemn communication, house in 1798, and wept under the ministry of she urged the awful enquiry," are we all ready? William Savery. How remarkably varied had If the Master should this day call us, is the work been the scenes through which she had been completely finished? have we anything left to led-how important to others, in many respects, do?" solemnly repeating the question, "are we had been her checkered path! The tears were prepared?" This was indeed a searching ennow to flow from other eyes-and hers the part quiry to herself. She was shortly to be called to minister in demonstration of the Spirit, and from the field-the opportunity to labour was with a measure of that same power, which forty-soon to be withdrawn. She occasionally rode seven years before, had mellowed her own heart-drawn it towards her God, and given her a glimpse of the beauty of holiness.

In the latter part of the 5th month, she attended two sittings of the Women's Yearly Meeting in London. Here she enlarged upon the declaration of our Saviour that he is the Vine, and his followers the branches-that as the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, except it abide in the vine, no more can they, except they abide in him. She expressed a doubt whether she should ever again meet her beloved friends in that place, and in a very solemn manner appeared in supplication to the Most High. The rich, full tones of her voice filled the house, and she concluded with the acknowledgment, "great and marvellous are thy works, Lord, God Al

out, but her illness continued, and was attended with great acuteness of suffering. The privilege of suffering for Christ's sake was the point most frequently dwelt upon. The world, even in its beauty and pleasantness, appeared to have lost nearly all its attraction. The great object of her life had been to do the will of God; she had also learned to endure and to trust in his goodness and mercy. She had believed that the dread of death, "in tender mercy to her timid nature," would be taken away, and that she would not be permitted to behold him in his terror. On the 11th of 10th month "she was seized with pressure on the brain, under which she gradually sank into a state of insensibility." The last words she uttered were, " O, my dear Lord, help and keep thy servant." Suddenly on the morn

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FRIENDS' REVIEW. PHILADELPHIA, SEVENTH MONTH 1, 1848.

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of the geography of the country. The southern line of the Pennsylvania charter was clearly intended to be in latitude thirty-nine. But the proper question was, where the northern line of Maryland had been previously fixed. For a grant of territory already alienated could not be valid. The proprietors construed their patents favourably to their respective interests, and a long continued contest ensued. The dispute was not finally settled until 1761, when the line between Pennsylvania and Maryland was run by Mason and Dixon. This line is a parallel of latitude fifteen miles south of the southern part of Philadelphia; and of course is nearly in latitude 39° 41′ North. Though the position thus assigned to the division line, does not correspond to the description in

either charter, it seems to be not far from what was originally intended by both.

are likely to be interesting. A very brief notice is all that time will admit in the present.

When this number was nearly ready for the press, a copy of the London Friend for the Sixth month was received, which contains a notice, considerably in detail, of the late Yearly Meeting held in that We mentioned last week, the liberation of Anna city. We shall probably furnish our readers next A. Jenkins and Susan Howland, to perform a re-week with the principal parts of this report, which ligious visit to Friends in England. We learn by the documents since received, that the prospect of the former is "to pay a visit in the love of the On Sixth day 26th of Fifth month, the state of gospel to some of the meetings of Friends in Great Society being under consideration, the importance Britain, and to attend to such other religious en- of attention to the restraining influence of the spirit gagements in that land as may be required of her." of truth in their wordly transactions, was pertinently The latter is liberated "to attend the Yearly Meet-impressed upon the meeting. It being observed ings of London and Ireland, and to visit in the leve of the gospel, the meetings constituting them; and also to visit, as way may open for it, some of the meetings of those professing with Friends on the continent of Europe, and to attend to such other religious service as may be required of her."

MASON AND DIXON'S LINE.-A correspondent enquires where this celebrated line is. It may be answered, that it is now proverbially the division between the slaveholding and non-slaveholding States.

that where this is duly regarded, a wisdom superior to our own is often experienced, by which the simple-hearted are preserved from reproach. The subject of books claimed particular attention, and the evil consequences of reading works derogatory to religion were pointed out.

At a subsequent sitting, the duty of maintaining the testimonies into which our Society was led in the beginning, was held up to view. Many opinions and practices which were originally em braced from religious conviction, have been since adopted by others as rational conclusions; but Friends are admonished to remember that they were given to us as religious testimonies, and ought to be maintained on their primitive ground.

In the charter granted by Charles I., in 1632, to Lord Baltimore, the northern boundary of Maryland was described to be under the fortieth degree of North latitude, with the proviso, that the terri- On Third day 30th, the minutes of the Meeting tory was not to include any land previously for Sufferings being read, the subject of slavery and occupied by Europeans. The charter to W. Penn, the slave trade, produced an animated discussion. issued in 1681, fixed the southern boundary of That body had proposed an application to parlia Pennsylvania under the beginning of the fortieth ment for a prohibition of the slave-grown sugars degree of North latitude. This implied that the Cuba and Brazil. On the expediency of such ap fortieth degree in the Maryland patent was then plication, considerable diversity of sentiment ap understood to mean the beginning of the fortieth,peared. An appeal was made to Friends to abstain or the latitude of thirty-nine. These grants were from the use of the productions of servile hands, evidently made with a very imperfect knowledge and to use their influence in the substitution of the

of

Products of free labour. The subject at large was finally referred to the careful attention of the Meeting for Sufferings.

At the morning sitting on Sixth day the 2d, epistles to all the other Yearly Meetings, as well as the general epistle, were adopted as usual; and the meeting concluded. The women's meeting closed

near the same time.

DIED, at Frederick, Maryland, on the 10th inst. of an injury received on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, on the third, whilst on his way to the State of Illinois, RICHARD, son of Horatio C. Wood, both of Philadelphia, in the 21st year of his age.

Although the circumstances attending the death of this young man, are of the most deeply afflicting. character, we are consoled with the belief that he was not altogether unprepared for so sudden, and so severe a stroke. On the third day after he received his injury, he stated he had been trying to bow the knee, for the past three months, and if it was the Lord's will to spare him now, he would try to serve Him. His mind, which owing to the effect of the injury had wandered, being restored at this time, afforded him the opportunity of preparing for the awful change, which he was told in all probability awaited him. On finding there was no hope of recovery, his deep mental conflicts were agonizing, and his bodily sufferings so great, that it seemed as though unsupported human nature could not have endured them. He said, "he had been a sinner, yes! the chief of sinners," and prayed earnestly for forgiveness. And in supplication he fervently said, "Father of all mercies, if it please thee, pass this bitter cup from me; yet not my will but thine be done!"-On Fifth-day he sent messages and warnings to many of his friends and relatives; the import of which was deeply interesting to those for whom they were intended; accompanied with a desire that they might have witnessed his sufferings and the anguish of his soul. At another period he said, he had had an evidence given him, and that not a slight one, that he would be accepted.-On Sixth-day, he ejaculated, "Come, come, Lord Jesus, take me! Come Lord Jesus, receive my spirit! It is a hard thing to die!" Soon after he added, he would not change his situation with any one living and enjoying the things of this earth. His bodily sufferings continued intense until near his close, but his mind remained calm, with a firm reliance upon the Lord, and an assurance that his hopes of immor tality were based upon the Sure Foundation.-The Friend.

NEW ENGLAND YEARLY MEETING.

Since our last number was printed, we have received a copy of the minutes of that meeting, from which the following are extracted.

Second day, Sixth month, 12th.

We have received and read at this time the printed General Epistle of the Yearly Meeting of London, of last year; and the revival of the important truths, and the salutary counsel contained therein, were solemnizing, instructive and strengthening to us.

We have also received epistles addressed to this Meeting from the Yearly Meetings of London, New York, Baltimore, North Carolina and Indiana, which are truly acceptable, and have proved at this time renewedly confirming to us of the excellence and benefit of this correspondence, when conducted under the qualification and influence under which we unhesitatingly believe it was established, in the ordering of the Great Head of the Church.

A communication from Dublin Yearly Meeting, through the correspondents, acknowledging the receipt of an "acceptable epistle" from us, issued to them by this Meeting, last year, was also received at this time.*

Fourth day, 16th.

The following minute of New York Yearly Meeting,† referred to in their epistle to this Meeting, was now laid before us, and under a solemn covering which we felt to be mercifully extended over us, there was with entire unanimity a very full and deliberate expression of unity with it, with an evidence, as we trust, that the proposition originated in the truth; and a fervent desire was felt that He who is the healer of breaches, as He is looked unto for direction, may be pleased to bless the measure to the good of the Church.

At a subsequent sitting, the following Friends were proposed and agreed to as the committee to confer with the committees of other Yearly Meetings, viz.: Rowland Greene, John Warren, John Osborne, John D. Lang, Stephen A. Chase, Samuel Boyd Tobey, and David Buffum.

Proposals, coming from several quarters, to change the place of holding the Yearly Meeting, to a more central position; a large committee was appointed in the men's and women's meetings, to take the subject into their deliberate consideration, and report their judgment thereon next year.

The following is an extract of a letter received from a Friend of New England, upon whose statements entire reliance may be placed.

"As to the epistle from Ireland.-Our epistle to them, the correspondents officially write, was received, was acceptable, and was referred by the Yearly Meeting, with the others, to a large committee to write us one in reply. They were severally distributed to small sub-committees, and the sub-committee to whom ours was referred, failed to produce an essay, and so informed the meeting at its last sitting. There seemed now no remedy left the Yearly Meeting, but to direct its correspondents to inform us of the circumstances, and to acknowledge, on its behalf, the receipt of our acceptable epistle,' and of the disposition that was made of it; that we might not infer that that Meeting was not disposed to correspond with us. This is official information, communicated to us by direction of the Yearly Meeting."

†This minute appears in page 623 of the Review...

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The Meeting for Sufferings in its discretion is requested to examine, and cause to be printed such memorials of deceased Friends as have been approved by this Meeting since the last publication of these testimonies, a concern having been feelingly manifested in this Meeting, for the eirculation of those received the present year. The Meeting for Sufferings is also requested to cause to be printed a sufficient number of our Book of Discipline for the supply of our meetings, and also for such of our members as may desire to be possessed of the book, to be furnished to them at cost; and it is desired to prefix thereto, if way should open for it, a brief historical account of the introduction and establishment of the Discipline among Friends.

Fifth day, 15th.

The Committee of this Meeting to attend to our concern in relation to the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy Tribes of Indians, report:

That we have given some attention to the objects of our appointment, and in accordance with a desire expressed last year, a visit has been performed by two of our number to them. Many of the Penobscots were absent at the time, yet most of their farming operations were examined, and in many instances a commendable improvement was manifest in the appearance of their farms, farming operations and manner of living. Several of them keep oxen and plows, and are employed by the Agent, in plowing for the tribe. They have also erected some new houses since our former visit, in which more regard to cleanliness was observed. But while we viewed these improvements with satisfaction, and could hold out the language of encouragement for their industry and good management, we had to regret that in some instances there was a manifest decline in the manner and amount of their husbandry and of their domestic comforts. This with the great failure in the potatoe crop has caused a great decline in their bounty, from some previous years.

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The township of the Passamaquoddy Indians was also visited for the first time, by friends of the committee. It is about 8 by 9 miles in extent, lying on the Schoodiac waters. Much of its soil appeared good for cultivation. There were forty-one families residing on it at the time of the visit, most of whom were visited. They have four framed dwelling houses in all, on the township, the rest inhabit wigwams, with little regard to cleanliness. Three and a half miles up the lakes is a compact settlement of seventeen families, in which are thirty-two children between the ages of four and twenty-one years, most of whom can speak and understand the English language. At this place they have a new and neat meeting house, of the Roman Catholic order. The soil here is good, but cultivated in so rude and unprofitable a manner as to produce but little for the comfort or support

of their families. The use of the plow has not been known on this portion of their township. In short their general appearance is considerably behind the Penobscots in their modes of hus bandry, and in the comforts of civilized life. Some of them keep oxen and cows and lumber in the winter, and hunt and fish in summer. From the latter they chiefly obtain their subsistence.

We are impressed with a belief that if a suita bly qualified person could be induced to spend a few weeks among them, in seed time, to assist and counsel them in a free and familiar manner on all matters relating to the improvement of their condition, it would prove, under the Divine blessing, an important service to them and promote the object of the Yearly Meeting.

The present Yearly Meeting having been a solemn and interesting season, in which we humbly acknowledge, unworthy as we are, we have, as we believe, mercifully witnessed the presence of the blessed Head of the Church, with feelings of gratitude, and in love, we now separate, proposing to meet again at this place, at the usual time next year, if the Lord permit. Signed on behalf of the Meeting, SAMUEL BOYD TOBEY, Clerk this year.

For Friends' Review.

OBSERVATIONS ON INSANITY AND CRIME. (Continued from page 629.)

And here let me introduce an observation, which, if not particularly applicable to the subject under examination, may be of importance in a moral point of view.

A large part of my life has been devoted to the business of teaching, the pupils being nearly all young men or boys. In the early part of this course it was my lot to have under my care a number of boys of remarkably vicious characters. As many years have passed since the time alluded to, these boys have had time to become men. And what kind of men are they now? A large part of them never became men; they died before reaching maturity. Of the few who were notoriously vicious, during their boyish years, and who lived to be men, not one to the best of my knowledge arrived at middle age. This simple fact suggests a suspicion, that the vicious propensities, which, in early life, sometimes set order and discipline at defiance, are not unfrequently the result of moral insanity. Hence there may be reason to apprehend that teachers, as well as ministers of penal law, sometimes punish the objects of their care for their misfortunes as well as for crimes. What ever may be the cause of the extreme propensity to vice, sometimes observable in children, whether it is the result of incipient insanity, or the indication of deep moral depravity, the consequence appears clear and unquestionable. Such youth

do not live out half their days. Upon the former, he seems to have tacitly adopted the doctrine supposition, we readily perceive that a morbid which he had just disavowed. And when he affection beginning in childhood will be likely to speaks of rendering punishment proportionate to consign its possessor to an early grave. Upon the purpose it is intended to serve, and never to the latter, the early indulgence of the vicious extend beyond it, he evidently has in his mind passions will almost unavoidably lead to irregu- the idea of making the degree of criminality a larities of conduct, incompatible with comfort, measure of the punishment to be awarded. At health and longevity. this day, and in this country, the opinion is In adverting to the nature of punitory laws, it generally discarded which led to the infliction of will probably be admitted that the primary object corporal punishment, or public executions, as of penal inflictions is the security of society from means of deterring others from the commission the depredations of depraved individuals. "As of similar offences. Indeed a careful examination to the end or final cause of human punishments," of the nature of the human mind, and the ordisays Judge Blackstone, "this is not by way of nary springs of action, can scarcely fail to atonement or expiation of the crime committed; establish the conviction, that such punishments for that must be left to the just determination of contribute to the increase, rather than the dimithe Supreme Being; but as a precaution against nution of crimes. The sufferer can scarcely further offences of the same kind. This is ef- fail to associate the idea of revenge with the infected three ways: either by the amendment of tentional infliction of pain; and the beholder is the offender himself-for which purpose all cor- very liable to regard the punishment as a just poreal punishments, fine, and temporary exile or reward for the deeds of the culprit, or to feel an imprisonment are inflicted; or by deterring emotion nearly allied to resentiment towards the others, by the dread of his example, from offend- agent who causes the suffering. In either case, ing in like way, that the suffering of a few may the passions which are roused are unfavourable bring fear upon all--which gives rise to all igno- to a sober judgment, and more likely to promote minious punishments, and to such executions of vice than virtue. So general indeed is the conjustice as are open and public; or, lastly, by viction that public executions are deleterious to depriving the party injuring of the power to do the community, that in several of the states, capifuture mischief-which is effected by either put-tal punishments are inflicted within the limits of ting him to death, or by condemning him to perpetual confinement, slavery or exile. The same one end of preventing future crimes is endeavoured to be answered by each of these three species of punishment. The public gains equal security, whether the offender himself be amended by wholesome correction, or whether he be disabled from doing further harm; and if the penalty fails of both these effects, as it may do, still the terror of his example remains as a warning to other citizens. The method of inflicting punishment ought always to be proportioned to the particular purpose it is meant to serve, and by no means to exceed it; therefore the pains of death, and perpetual disability by exile, slavery or imprisonment, ought never to be inflicted but when the offender appears incorrigible, which may be collected either from a repetition of minuter offences, or from the perpetration of some one crime of deep malignity, which demonstrates a disposition without hope or probability of amendment; and in such cases it would be cruelty to the public to defer the punishment of such a criminal till he had an opportunity of repeating, perhaps, the worst of villainies.'

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Here the learned commentator disclaims the doctrine of punishing offenders by way of expiation for their offences, justly recognizing the Divine prerogative indicated by the declaration, "vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord:"+ yet when he immediately afterwards speaks of the public execution of justice upon offenders,

• Commentaries, Vol. 4, p. 11. Rom. 12: 19.

the prison yard. This is a virtual acknowledgment, that the heaviest visitation of penal law does not operate as a salutary example. And if the highest penalty of the law does not thus operate, it is not easy to see why those of a lower grade should be more effective.

If we fully admit the doctrine indicated by Judge Blackstone, that the expiation of crimes belongs to the Divine prerogative, and that the proper business of human tribunals is the protection of society, it will probably appear no easy task to reconcile the infliction of suffering upon the violators of law, any further than the security of the community and the reformation of the offenders may require. Punishments merely vindictive do not occupy a place in a system of pure Christian morality. Their introduction, however disguised, may be fairly traced to the indulgence of the malevolent passions, and their tendency is to awaken correspondent passions in the sufferers and beholders.

That penalties inflicted for the purpose of causing an offender to suffer, are in their nature vindictive, is a proposition, which, though not generally acknowledged in terms, seems to be tacitly admitted by legal authorities. Judge Blackstone observes, "In all temporal jurisdictions, an overt act, or some open evidence of an intended crime, is necessary to demonstrate the depravity of the will, before the man is liable to punishment. And as a vicious will without a vicious act is no civil crime, so, on the other hand, an unwarrantable act without a vicious

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