the time during which a condition lasts, are indicated by the | διελεῖν ; εἶπε ; αναμνησω; κρύψω; κατενειμε, αφείλετο ; You accusative without a preposition : are to give the root in each case, and conjugate the part. Explain the augment in these verbs--αφείλετο ; εδιδαξατο; ετελευτησεν ; ὡρκωσε; είπεημφιεσε. Explain in full the constructions, Μελήτου γεγραμμένου αυτον την γραφην ; ου σε κρυψω την εμην γνωμην. Mark exactly how the English differs from the Greek in καλοῦσι με τοῦτο το όνομα. To which class of verbs does Kaλourt belong? Write out the verb in full; including the middle voice and the passive as well as the active. Explain the construction (what case they represent, and why) of the verbs ἱππευειν, τοξεύειν, αληθίζεσθαι. Decline these nouns-Σωκράτην ; φῦλον ; πατηρ ; τεχνῖται γνώμην ; Αθηναίων; γλῶτταν; χιτῶνα; τέλος; σφαιρα. ENGLISH-GREEK. POETIC IDIOM. Ο Φωκικός πόλεμος αειμνηστον παιδειαν τους Θηβαίους επαίδευσεν. Σωκρατης, ηδη Μελητου γεγραμμενου αυτον την γραφην, περι παντων μαλλον η περι της δικης διελέγετο. Θρασύβουλος άρκωσε παντας τους στρατιωτας τους μεγιστους όρκους, ου χρη μιμησεις πονηρας μιμεῖσθαι τους πολεμίους. Όνομα ποιον αυτόν ονομάζει πατηρ ; καλοῦσι με τοῦτο το ονομα. Ο Σωκρατης δικαιος όντως ην, ώστε βλαπτειν μηδε μικρον μηδενα, The father taught his son a lesson he would not forget. Of ωφελεῖν δε τα μεγιστα τους χρωμένους ἑαυτῷ. Πολλα αν τις what (τι) did Miletus accuse Socrates Miletus accused έχοι Σωκράτην επαινεσαι. Ουδε ταδε αιτιώμαι τον Θεόν. Των Socrates of impiety (ασεβεια). They discourse respecting the συμμοριῶν ἑκαστην διελεῖν κελευω πεντε μέρη. Η γη τους | trial. Pericles makes the Athenians swear an oath. Boys αριστα θεραπευοντας αυτην πλεῖστα αγαθα αντιποιεῖ. Oi imitate the bad deeds of boys. (By) what name do they call πονηροι αει τι κακον εργαζονται τους εγγυτατω έαυτών οντας. Helen. I assist my associates in the best things. They ask your father? They call me Alexander. They call my sister Πολλα κακα εἶπεν ανθρωπους. Πᾶς τις το γυναικεῖον φύλον all good from God. I divide the kingdom into five parts. κακα πολλ' αγορεύει. Ταυτα με ποιοῦσιν. Ταυτα μοι ποιοῦσιν. Good men do good to good men; bad men to bad. The Ου φροντιστέον ὁ τι εροῦσιν οἱ πολλοι ἡμᾶς. Ο χρονος και ἡ wicked speak ill of the good. That bad boy spoke ill of his εμπειρια τα μη καλῶς ἔχοντα εκδιδάσκει τους ανθρωπους. father. Good children will always speak well of their parents. Ποιοῦσιν οἱ τεχνῖται ὰ οἱ διδασκαλοι αυτους επαιδευσαν. Τρια He takes no fee from his pupils. He took the coat from the μονα τους παῖδας παιδευουσιν οἱ Περσαι, ἱππευειν και τοξεύειν much good. I teach my children one thing, virtue. They man and put it on himself. He will deprive his family of και αληθίζεσθαι. Αναμνήσω ὑμας τους τῶν προγονων τῶν reminded the soldiers of their valour of old. Ask truly good ἡμετέρων κινδυνους. Ου σε κρυψω την εμην γνωμην. Ερωτῶ things from God. I have asked God for wisdom and virtue. σε τας των φίλων τυχας. Νῦν δε εμε πολλοι οικεται σῖτον | Thou teachest young men the Attic language. They hide αιτοῦσι, πολλοι δε ἱματια. Τἀγαθα αιτούμεν τους θεους. Σω- their misfortune from all men. The queen appointed Wellingκράτης ουδενα των συνόντων επραξατο τῆς συνουσίας μισθον. and honour. He tries to make the lie true. The city conton general. I consider knowledge and self-controul riches Γλώτταν τε την Αττικήν και τροπους τῶν Αθηναίων εδιδασκον | tinued at war six months. τους παῖδας. Κῦρος το στρατευμα κατένειμε δωδεκα μέρη. Τον μονον μοι και φιλον παῖδα αφειλετο την ψυχην. Την τιμην αποστερεί με; κρυπτω σε το ατυχημα. Παῖς μεγας, μικρον These lessons are chiefly designed as an introduction to the ἔχων χιτῶνα, ἑτερον παῖδα μικρον, μεγα εχοντα χιτῶνα, εκδυσας | reading of Greek prose. For the most part, in consequence, αυτον, τον μεν εαυτοῦ ἐκεῖνον ημφιεσε, τον δε εκείνου αυτος been confned to Greek prose, and specially to the Attic the remarks, the paradigms, the rules and the examples, have ενεδυ. Ο Κυρος τον Γωβρύαν απεδειξε στρατηγον. Πλουτον writers. Yet, as something like completeness is aimed at, και τιμην και δόξαν αγαθα νομίζουσιν οἱ πολλοι. Τον θανατον now and then an observation has been made as to poetic usage. ου κακον ἡγεῖσθαι χρη, αλλα κακῶν απαλλαγήν. Θεμιστοκλης | In older manuals, the diction of prose and the diction of poetry Κλεοφαντον τον υἱὸν ἱππεα εδιδαξατο αγαθον. Το ψεῦδος ου were confusedly blended together. In the rich treasury of δυνασαι αληθες ποιεῖν. Η Εφεσος απεχει απο Σαρδέων τριῶν examples of Greek usage found in Matthiae's excellent Greek Grammar, very many are from the poets. But in all languages ἡμερων όδον. Ὁ Αρχέλαος κατασχων τρεῖς η τέτταρες ἡμερας poets take great licence; and a construction, or a word, which την τυραννίδα ετελευτησεν. Ευδαιμονεσταται πολεις λέγονται is very good in poetry, may be inadmissible in prose. Hence, αἱ αν πλειστον χρόνον εν ειρηνη διατελῶσιν. Αἱ σπονδαι the necessity of distinguishing between the two in grammatical treatises, and of limiting the matter to prose usage in a manual intended to instruct students in the art of reading prose. Nevertheless, as poetic usage is-as poetic usage-good Greek, so a student should not, even at an early period of his studies, be left entirely ignorant of it, especially as it is only by some acquaintance with it that he can appreciate the difference of poetic usage from prose usage. And the rather is some knowledge of poetic idiom desirable, because the words of the language are often presented by it in their simpler forms, so as to lead the pupil to an acquaintance with the primitives of the Greek, which, as I have already intimated, are not very numerous, In order, therefore, to assist you, my fellowlearners, to form some faint conception (more, here, I cannot hope for) with the idiom of Greek poetry, I shall lay before you a number of Γνωμαι, that is, apothegms, proverbs, or pithy sayings, taken from ancient Greek writers. Γνωμαι. ενιαυτον έσονται. VOCABULARY, ETC. Αείμνηστος (α and μιμνησκομαι), not to be forgotten; “ gave charge that ended in his death; "Melítus having Χραομαι, I use, have intercourse with; τους χρωμ, " those accused him;” περι της δικής, “ concerning the trial. who were intimate with him." Συμμορία, ας, ή, participation ; historically a division or class of sixty opulent Athenians, who, in common, had to provide resources for war; there were in all twenty συμμορίαι, or classes. Το γυν. φύλον, " the female tribe;” spoken contemptuously. Σωκ. επρα, της συνουσίας, Socrates took no fee, “no reward Ίππευς, εως, a horseman “ taught him to be a good horseman.” Why is αειμνηστος in the form of αειμνηστον, while its noun, παιδεία, is of the feminine gender? What parts of the verbs are these-επαιδευσα; γεγραμμενου ; διελέγετο ; ὡρκωσε; μιμεῖσθαι; επαινεσαι; αιτιώμαι; 6. Οπα Λιος ουκ αλεγουσι φενακες. 7. Θεου δίδοντος, ουδεν ισχύει φθονος. 8. Θεου μη διδοντος, ουδεν ισχύει πονος. 9. Ρημα θεῖον κανων βιου. 10. Ον φιλεῖ Θεος θνησκει νεος. VOCABULARY. 2. Moovvn, ns, ǹ (from μevw), a dwelling-place, a tower. 3. Xopos, ov, ò (our choir), an assembly; ayaλw, I make to shine, mid. I rejoice. 4. Eɩw (an archaism), I resemble; compare ɛikwv, an image. 5. Αγκυλη, ης, ή, an arrow ; ήτορ, ορος, το, heart, spirit. 6. Alɛyw (an Homeric word), I care for, I attend to; pevažakoç, ò, a flatterer. 9. Kavov, ovos, ò, a reed or staff; hence, a measure or rule. 10. Arrange thus, θνησκει νεος ὁν Θεος φιλεῖ. Let it be observed that I do not give the meaning of those words which I think the scholar ought to be acquainted with; nor do I explain constructions in which he ought to find no difficulty. Too much assistance is almost as bad as too little. If the student has made out the lists of words I requested, he will easily be able to refresh his memory from his own Simple Tenses. tion Trascrivere, to transcribe Sólvere, to untie. INFINITIVE MOOD. Present: sólvere, to untie Present Gerund: solvendo, untying Past Participle: soluto, untied Present. Sólvo, I untie sólvi, thou untiest sólve, he unties solviámo, we untie sovéte, you untie Present Gerund: scrivendo, Past Gerund: avendo scritto, sólvono, they untie having written writing Imperfect. Compound Tenses. Past avére soluto, to have untied Past Gerund: avendo solľúto,. having untied INDICATIVE MOOD. Solveva or solvéa, I was untying solvévi, thou wast untying solveva or solvéa, he was un-solveránno, they will untie tying solvevámo, we were untying solveváte, you were untying solvévano or solvéano, they were untying Indeterminate Preterite. Solvéi or sólsi, I untied solvésti, thou untiedst Conditional Present. Solveréi, I should or would. untie Solverésti, thou wouldst untie solverébbe, he would untie solverémmo, we would untie solveréste, you would untie solverebbero, they would untie IMPERATIVE MOOD. [No First Person.] Sólvi, untie (thou) sólva, let him untie solviámo, let us untie solvéte, untie (ye or you) sólvano, let them untie Present. vivéste, you lived Vivo, I live vivi, thou livest vive, he lives víssero, they lived vividimo, we live vivéte, you live vivono, they live Imperfect. Viveva or vivéa, I was living vivevi, thou wast living viveva or vivéa, he was living vivevamo, we were living vivevate, you were living vivevano or vivéano, they were living Indeterminate Preterite. Vissi, I lived vivésti, thou livedst visse, he lived vivemmo, we lived Past: avére vivúto, to have lived Imperf. -íssi LESSONS IN SPANISH.-No. XIV. CONJUGATION.-Continued. IRREGULAR VERBS. THE irregular verbs in Spanish are such as do not conform exactly in their manner of conjugation to the model verbs (amar, comer, vivir). The deviations of each irregular verb are in most cases but slight, yet important to be known, as Viverò or vivrò, I shall or will most of the irregular verbs are in general use. live Future. viverái, thou wilt live Conditional Present. There are thirty-nine of the different irregular verbs: seven of the first conjugation, seventeen of the second, and fifteen of the third. Many of these differ but very slightly from each other. All the irregular verbs are conjugated like some one of these thirty-nine forms. Four of these, haber, ser, estar, and tener, have already been conjugated. Those verbs which undergo slight changes in the verb-roots or verb-endings of certain tenses or persons of tenses, are not or that account deemed irregular, since these changes take Viveréi, vivréi, or viveria, I place solely to preserve regularity and uniformity of sound, should or would live. viverésti, thou wouldst live live which would be dissimilar in some cases if these changes did not take place. Thus, as before mentioned, buscar, pronounced boos-kar, would, in the present tense of the subjunctive mood, if no change of letters should occur, be busce, pronounced boós'-thay (c before e and i being sounded like th in thin), and to preserve the hard sound of c, this latter is changed into qu; thus, busque, pronounced boós'-kay. Both regular and irregular verbs undergo such changes when required by the rules of pronunciation. Remark. In the following conjugations of the irregular verbs, those persons of the moods and tenses only which deviate from the regular conjugation are given. Thus, in the first verb, andar, no tense of the indicative mood except the perfect definite is given, because this verb is conjugated regularly in the other tenses of this mood. In the second verb, contar, the first and second persons plural of the present indicative are not given, because these persons are regular. The student is therefore to remember that all moods, tenses, and persons not included in the conjugation are regular. We have, however, in all cases given the participle and gerund, whether formed regularly or not. CONJUGATIONS OF IRREGULAR VERBS. 1st Conjugation. Past Part. 45 Anduvieras, anduvieses, |