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COMPLETE

ARITHMETIC,

ORAL AND WRITTEN.

BY

MALCOLM MACVICAR, PH. D., LL.D.,

PRINCIPAL STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, POTSDAM, N. Y.

PUBLISHED BY

TAINTOR BROTHERS, MERRILL & CO.,

NEW YORK.

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Electrotyped by SMITH & MCDOUGAL, 82 Beekman St., N. Y.

PREFACE.

T

HE aim of the author in the preparation of this work may be stated as follows:

1. To present each subject in arithmetic in such a manner as to lead the pupil by means of preparatory steps and propositions which he is required to examine for himself, to gain clear perceptions of the elements necessary to enable him to grasp as a reality the more complex and complete processes.

2. To present, wherever it can be done, each process objectively, so that the truth under discussion is exhibited to the eye and thus sharply defined in the mind.

3. To give such a systematic drill on oral and written exercises and review and test questions as will fix permanently in the mind the principles and processes of numbers with their applications in practical business.

4. To arrange the pupil's work in arithmetic in such a manner that he will not fail to acquire such a knowledge of principles and facts, and to receive such mental discipline, as will fit him properly for the study of the higher mathematics.

The intelligent and experienced teacher can readily determine by an examination of the work how well the author has succeeded in accomplishing his aim.

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