the press.

To adapt this work to the easy use of Instructers, I have endeavoured 10 simplify the definitions and rules, so as to render them as fainiliar and concise as the nature of the subject admits. At the same time, I have very considerably enlarged the Original System, hy the insertion of a far greaier number of practical examples, especially in the ground-rules, and by the introduction of many new rules, in oriler to furnish our Schools with a methodical and comprehensive Treatise of Practical Arithmetic.

Works of this kind have too often abounded with abstruse and intricate questions, more puzzling than beneficial to the learner.And some authors have dwelt 100 much on those of a trifling nature, which, when understood, afford no useful knowledge. To avoid these extremes, to feed and invigorate the mind, and thus form our youth for entering, with fair promise, on the pursuits of active life, have been my principal aims, in preparing this edition for

Most of the former demonstrations have been omitted, as being little suited to enlighten the pupil, and as excluding, in such compends, matier much more conducive to the purpose of bis instruction. The book-keeping, also, has been somewhat abridged, for the admission of other matter; yet enough, it is conceived, has been retained to give the student no very imperfect idea of this branch of learning. Besides what has been substituted in place of this excluded maiter, no fewer than 51 pages have been added to the last edition. To the whole have been prefixed brief questions on all the most important parts of Arithmetic. But, instead of entering into a detail of these enlargements, I beg leave to refer the reader to the table of contents, or to the pages of the work itself.

During the many years that I have devoted to the instruction of youth in Arithmetic, I have used various systems, all of which have just claims 10 scientific merit. The authors, however, have, generally, appeared to be deticient in an important point-the practical teacher's experience. They have been much too sparing of examples, more especially in the first_rules. The consequence is, that the scholar is hurried through these fundamental rules faster than his comprehension and proficiency would justify: To obviate this objection, has been another design in the present undertaking.

Considering that, to attain a thorough knowledge of vulgar fractions, is usually too difficult a task for young students, whose progress in Arithmetic has extended only to compound division, and that the difficulty frequently results in their utter discouragement; I have, therefore, deemed it most adviseable and advantagcous to transfer these fractions (except two or three problems introductory to decimals) beyond equation of payments. But, as decimul Tractions may

be more easily acquired, are more simple, useful, and necessary, and are sooner wanted in the practical branches of numbers, have thought it expedient to let them occupy that part of the work which they did in former edilions. The other rules l have likewise aimeď so to arrange, as 10 give precedence to those which are most simple and necessary, introducing the more abstruse and difficult parts last. The ļeacher, however, will not consider himself as being obliged to adhere strictly to this arrangement. He can, notwithstanding, take the rules in such order as he may conceive to be

D. R.

title

the most proper.

M305991

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Topics for Examination in the Arithmetic.

What says

ure.

What is Arithmetic ? What are the four fundamental Rules for its opera-
tion ? To understand these, what is preriously necessary? What does No-
tation teach ? How many characters or figures are employed in it? By
what common terın are the first nine called ? Ilow nained ? What does the
tenth figure denote? Have not these digits a locul, as well as a simple value ?
On what principle does their local value depend ? Denominate the names of
the places, according to įheir order. How is the cipher used, in connexion
with the significant figures? In what manner are large numbers dirided ?
Name the ploces, and read each line of numbers, in the Numeration Table.
What is the Rule for expressing numbers in figures when above nine ? Give
the Rule to read nuinbers. What is Addition? Simple? Let me examine
you in the Table. Recite the Rule and modes of Proof. What is Sultrace
tion? When Simple ? Name its numbers. Let me examine you in the Ta.
ble. Give the Rule and way of Proof. What is Multiplication ? Name its
numbers What common term is applied to the first two of thein ? When is
it Simple ? How is the Table used? Let me examine you in it. When is it
Case first? Repeat the Rule. When Case second ? Give the Rule, aud
inodes of Proof. When does the first Case of Contractions apply? Give the
Rule. When the second Case? Tell the Rule. What is shown by Divi-
sion ? Name its numbers. When is il Simple ? Lel me examine you in the
Table. Repeat the Rule, Notes, aud inodes of Proof. Repeat the directions
in Case first of Contractions. What Case second and Rule ?
Case third ? What its Note and Rule? Repeat the Money Table. That of
Troy Weight. Apothecaries' Weight. Avoirdupois Weight. Cloth Meus-

Long Measure. Square Measure. Cubic Measure, Dry Measure.
Wine Measure. Ale Measure. Time. Planetary Motion. .What is taught
by Reduction ? Repeat the Rules and Proof. Tell me the mode of for-
niation, and Table of Federal Mmey. Give the Kule for its Addition For
its Subtraction. For its Multiplication. Recite the Note, and A Short Rule.
Give the Rule for its Division. Tell the Short Rule. Give the Rules for the
Reduction of Federal Money. What is the Direction in Case first for chang-
ing New-England currency to Federal Money? In case second ? In Case
third? What is the Rule in Case first for changing Federal Money 10
New-England currency? In Case second ? What is taught by Compound
Addition? Give the Rule. What is Compound Subtraction? Tell the
Rute. What does Compound Multiplication teach ? Give the Rule. What
is the direction in Case second ? What in Cace third? What docs Com-
pound Division teach ? Rehearse the Kule. What does Case second direct ?
What Case third ? Tell the Note before examples in Arerage Judgment,
What is observed of Duodecimals? Give the Rule for multiplying them.
What are Fructions ? How is a Vulgar Fraction represented ? Name jis
parts. What is shown by the Denominator ? What by the Numerator ?
When is a fraction in its lowest terms ? Give the rule for Problem first.
What is the intent of Problem second ? Tell iis rule. What of Problem
third? What its rule? What is a Decimal Fraction ?

How expressed ?
What determines its relative value ? How are such fractions affected by ci.
phers ? Let me hear the Table. What is the rule for their Addition? What
for their Subtraction? For their Multiplication ! Give the Nole. What for
Meir Division ? Give the Note. What is the rule in thc first Case for their

How many

Reduction? In second Case ? In third? In fourth? In fifth? What are the rules in Cașc first of Reduction of Currencies ? In case second ? third ? fourth? . fifth? What are the rules for changing Federal Money into the Currencies of the several Stales ? What for changing it to Canada and Nova Scotia money? What to that of Great Britain ? What does the Rule of Three leach? Why so named? Why called Golden Rule? Give the rules, and notes for its operation. What is Practice ? What the rule in Case first ? What says Case second, and what its rule ? What are Tare and Tret ? Define all its terms. When is Case first used, and what its rule ? When Case second, and what the rule ? Case third, and what the rule ? Fourth, and what the rule? What does the Double Rule of Three leach? terms in its questions? How distinguished ? Give the rule and notes. What is Conjoined Proportion ? When is Case first used, and what ils rules ? When Case second, and what its rule? What is Barter ? Its rule ? What Loss and Gain ? In what instrucl Merchants and traders ?

How its questions solved? What its general law? What is Fellowship? Its use? What Single Fellowship? Its Rule? How proved ? What Double Fellowship ? Its Rule ? What is Interest ? What the legal interest ? Define its terms. How many kinds ? What Simple? Its Rule and Note? Tell the Table of Aliquot Parts? What the Rule for Months, at 6 per cent. ? For days at ditto? What the Short Practical Rule for pounds, &c. at ditto? How serve at 5 or 7 per cent. ? What the Short Rule for Federal Money, at 6 per cent. ? ber called ? What Problem first and rule ? Second and rule? Third and rule? When are numbers in Geometrical Progression? What called ratio ? What Problem first and rule? What Problem second, Case first and rules ? What Case second, rules and note? What does Alligation teach? How distinguished? What Alligation Medial? What the rule ? What Alternate? What the rules ? What Position ? How many kinds ? What taught by Single Position ? What the rule ? What by Double Position ? What the rules and note ? What Permutation? What Combination? What Problem first and rule ? Problem second and rule ? Problem third and rule ? How are Gi indstones sold? How are their Contents found? What is Superficial Measure? How made up ? What is measured by it? Whal Case first and rule ? Case second and rule ? What the Note ? What a Triangle ? How ils Surface measured. How the Superficies of Joists and Planks found ? How measure irregular Surfaces? What a Circle ? How find circumference if diameter be given ? How diameter if circumference be given ? How find Area ? How, if circumference alone be given ? How find diameter by the area ? How circumference by the area? What is a Sector ? How measured ? By Rule second? What a Segment of a Circle? How find its area ? How measure a regular Polygon? How describe an ellipse or oval? How find its area ? What is a Sphere or Globe? How find its area ? How are solids measured ? What is a Cube? How measured ? What Case second and rule? What noted? What Case third and rule ? What a Cylinder ? How measured? What Case fifth and rule? Case sixth and rule? Case seventh and rule? What is a Cone or Pyramid? How ils solidity found ? What the Note? What a Frustum of a Cone? How find its solidity, if a square pyramid? How, if a triangular pyramid ? How, if a circular pyra. mid, or cone? What is a Globe? How find its solid content? What a Frustum of a sphere? How find its solid content ?

What is Gauging ? What its rule and notes? How use the Sliding rule? How gauge round tubs ? How a square vessel? What the Note? How find a ship's I'onnage ? What the Noie? What Section fifth and rule? Section sixih and rule ? How find the solidity of Wood and Bark? How find the Cords in a pile of either? What the principal rules in Assessing Taxes ? What the general Rules in commom Book-keeping ?