MISSOURI, continued. republication of amended statutes, 137, n. when acts to take effect, 156, n. protection to property by law of the land, 352, n. disqualifications for suffrage, 599, n. MONEY, coinage and regulation of, 10, 15. legal tender, 15. punishment of counterfeiting, 10, 18. bills for raising, to originate in lower house in some States, 131, 132. MONOPOLIES, odious nature of, 393. grant of, not presumed, 395. in navigable waters, 591. MORTGAGES, right to possession under, cannot be taken away by legislature, 290, 291. of legislative body not to be inquired into by courts, 135, 136, 186, 187. good, when a defence in libel cases, 464. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, question of formation or division of, may be submitted to people inter- powers of local government may be conferred upon, 118-125, 191. legislature prescribes extent of powers, 191. charter of, the measure of their authority, 192. complete control of, by legislature, 170, n., 191, 193. whether it may compel them to assume obligations aside from their ordi- charter of, not a contract, 192. implied powers of, 194, 209, 210. effect of changes in, 192, n. charter to be strictly construed, 195. contracts, ultra vires, void, 196, 211, 212, 215, and n. negotiable paper issued by, when valid, 212, 215, and n. may exist by prescription, 197. powers thereof, 197. what by-laws they may make, 195, 198. must not be opposed to constitution of State or nation, 198. nor to charter, 198. nor to general laws of the State, 198. nor be unreasonable, 200. nor uncertain, 202. cannot delegate their powers, 204, 205. nor adopt irrepealable legislation, 206–208. nor preclude themselves from exercise of police power, 206–208. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS, - continued. MUTE, - nor grant away use of streets, 207, 208. incidental injuries in exercise of powers give no right of action, 208. but not for refusal to perform duty, 212. may contract to pay for liquors destroyed, 211, n. powers of, to be construed with reference to the purposes of their cre- will not include furnishing entertainments, 211. or loaning credit or making accommodation paper, 212. must be confined to territorial limits, 213. power of, to raise bounty moneys, &c., 219-229. legislative control of corporate property, 235-239. towns, counties, &c., how differing from chartered corporations, 240, 247, judgments against, may be collected of corporators, 241-247. but only in New England, 246, 247. not liable for failure of officers to perform duty, 247. chartered corporations undertake for performance of corporate duty, 247. corporate organization how questioned, 254. imperfect acts of, may be validated, 373, 374, n., 379. must tax all property within their limits alike, 502. cannot tax property not lying within their limits, 500. bounds of, cannot be arbitrarily enlarged in order to bring in property for taxation, 500-504. obtaining water for, under right of eminent domain, 533. taking of lands for parks for, 533, 534, n. power of Congress over, 10. NAVIGABLE WATERS, made free by ordinance of 1787, 25, n. right of States to improve and charge toll, 26, n., 592. what are, and what not, 589. are for use of all equally, 590. general control of, is in the States, 591. Congressional regulations, when made, control, 591. States cannot grant monopolies of, 591. NAVIGABLE WATERS, -continued. regulation of speed of vessels upon, 594. frontage upon, is property, 544. NAVIGATION, (See WATER-COURSES.) right of, pertains to the eminent domain, 524. NEBRASKA, legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. privilege of members of legislature from arrest, &c., 134, n. religious tests forbidden in, 469, n., 478, n. is the basis of the right of eminent domain, 524, 538. as a foundation for rights under betterment laws, 388. carriers of persons may be made responsible for deaths by, 581. when municipal corporations liable upon, 212, 215, and n. special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 98. legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. republication of amendatory statutes, 151, n. when acts to take effect, 156, n. special legislative sessions in, 155, n. title of acts to express the subject, 142, n. protection by the law of the land, 352, n. of 1643, why formed, 5. NEW HAMPSHIRE, judges of, to give opinions to legislature, &c., 40. revenue bills to originate in lower house, 132, n. approval of laws, 153, n. retrospective laws forbidden in, 370. protection by the law of the land, 352, n. liberty of the press in, 414, n. religious liberty in, 469, n., 478, n. disqualifications for suffrage, 599, n. NEW JERSEY, special statutes licensing sale of lands forbidden, 98, n. NEW JERSEY, — continued. legislature of, not to grant divorces, 110, n. title of acts to express the object, 142, n. revenue bills to originate in lower house, 132, n. religious tests forbidden in, 469, n. disqualifications for suffrage, 599, n. NEWSPAPERS, publication of privileged communications in, 448-451. when publisher not liable to vindictive damages, 457. NEW STATES, admission of, 27-37. NEW TRIALS, not to be granted by the legislature, 95, 392. not granted on application of State in criminal cases, 321. may be had after verdict set aside on application of defendant, 327, 328. NEW YORK, (See JEOPARDY.) divorces only to be granted in judicial proceedings, 110, n. protection by law of the land, 352, n. liberty of the press in, 414, n. witnesses not rendered incompetent from want of religious belief, 478, n. NOBILITY, titles of, forbidden to be granted, 17. NOLLE PROSEQUI, when equivalent to acquittal, 327. NON COMPOTES MENTIS, legislative authority for sale of lands of, 97-106. excluded from suffrage, 599. NON-RESIDENT PARTIES, subjecting to jurisdiction of court by publication, 403-406. restricted effect of the notice, 404. discrimination in taxation of, 487. NORTH CAROLINA, ratification of Constitution by, 8, 9. necessity for, in legal proceedings, 402-406. bringing in non-resident parties by publication of, 403, 404. of elections, when essential to their validity, 602, 603. NUISANCE, when bridges over navigable waters are, 593. OATH, created by public, not to be abated at expense of individual, 596, n. of attorneys, 330, 331, n. test, may be punishment, 263, n. 0. of voter, when conclusive of his right, 617. blasphemy and profanity punishable by law, 471-476. OBJECT OF STATUTE, in some States required to be stated in title, 141-151. States not to pass laws violating, 15, 33, 126, 273. agreements by States are, 274, 275. executed contracts, 275. appointments to office are not, 276. municipal charters are not, 192, 193, 276. franchises granted to municipal corporations are not, 277. and grants of property for municipal use, 236. private charters of incorporation are, 279. whether an exemption from taxation is, 127, 280-284. whether right of eminent domain can be relinquished, 281. such laws not to divest rights in property, 284, 285. remedies for enforcement of contracts may be changed, 287-289. exemptions from execution may be increased, 287. but all remedy cannot be taken away, 289, 290. repeal of statute giving remedy cannot destroy contracts, 290. laws staying execution, how far invalid, 292, 293. when power of municipal taxation may not be taken away, 292. |