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5. Define the journal, and state whether it is an essential book or not.

6. Make the proper vertical ruling for a journal, and journalize the following entries: Commenced business with a cash investment of $6,000.

Rented store No. 300 Main street, and paid cash for two months' rent in advance, $150.

7. Bought of S. M. Wallace for cash 100 bbls. of flour, at $7, $700.

Sold A. P. Wright on his note at 30 days, 50 bbls, of flour at $5, $100.

8. Paid my note due to-day in favor of D. F. Wheeler, in cash, $200.

Accepted A. P. Young's draft on us at 10 days' sight, for $300.

9. Received cash of James Brown in full of account, $50.

Bought on our note at 30 days, 100 bbls, of flour, at $6, $600.

10. Wm. Russell, who owes us $100, has failed in business and made an assignment, and we have accepted, as payment in full, cash, $160.

Paid book-keeper to date, $75.

ASTRONOMY.

1. What is the difference in the appearance of a planet and a fixed star?

2. Define zenith, nadir, equinoctial, right ascension and ecliptic.

3. Define inferior and superior conjunction. What is a transit?

4. Tell what you can about the supposed discovery of a planet interior to Mercury.

5. What is the cause of twilight? What is the sun's right ascension at the summer solstice?

6. How much is the moon's orbit inclined to the ecliptic? What is an occultation?

7. Where can the zodiacal light be seen? Give its origin.

8. What proof have we that the fixed stars are suns? What are magellanic clouds?

9. How is the heat of the sun generally considered to be produced? In what constellation is the Dipper?

10. Describe the minor planets.

GEOLOGY.

1. By what course of reasoning does the geologist infer that certain kinds of rocks were formed by water? Also, that certain rocks have been thrown up in a melted state from the interior of the earth?

scend?

How thick is the earth's crust? At what rate does the temperature increase as we de

3. What are stalactites and stalagmites? Why is amethyst so called?

4. State the difference between granite and gneiss.

5. Classify the following rocks: Sandstone, granite, marble, limestone, lava, syenite and basalt.

6. Name and define the different times of geologic history.

7. Name the ages of the above time.

8. What effect has been produced upon the coal in the Apalachain mountains by metamorphic action?

9. Why are boulders more abundant in the east than in the west ?

10. What are "last rocks," glacial striae, and how are icebergs formed?

BOTANY.

1. Describe the different mode of growth of the root and stem.

2. Define terminal, axillary and adventitious buds.

3. Name the principal kinds of simple fruits, and give an example of each.

4. Define a perfect, complete, regular and unsymmetrical flower.

5. Define phyllotaxy, and also vernation.

What are equitant and perfoliate leaves?

7. What are subterranean stems? Name the four principal kinds.

Define a parasitic plant and give an example. Define ovary, style and stigma.

9. What is the tap-root? Also define suckers, stolons and runners.

10. (a) State the difference between endogenous and exogenous stems. (b) What are the protecting; also the essential organs of the flower?

PHYSIOLOGY.

1. State the two separate functions of the spinal marrow.

the spinal marrow as to intervals of rest?

How does the brain differ from

2 Does a nerve have sensibility? What is true of the brain in relation to sensibility?

3. What is the difference between sensible and insensible perspiration? What purpose do the abaceous glands serve?

4. What is the ordinary temperature of the human body? By what process is the heat of the body maintained?

Give the circulation of the blood through the heart.

6. Why are valves necessary in veins? What is the pulse?

7. Define hygiene, and state reasons for the importance of this being taught in the public

school.

Name and locate the salivary glands, and state their importance in digestion.

2. What is the pleura, periosteum, and spinal column.

10. Name the different kinds of joints in the body, and give an example of each. Also name the eight bones of the head.

FOR THE YEAR 1890.

ORTHOGRAPHY.

(Section 1. 40 credits.)

1. Write and name eight diacritical marks.

2.

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Illustrate in words the proper use of each diacritical mark.

3. Define articulation and oral elements. Name and describe the three classes of oral elements. 4. Define alphabetic, equivalents, labials, dentals, linguils and palatals.

Define etymology, root, prefix and suffix. Name six Saxon prefixes.

6. What is accent? Name the two kinds of accent, and show how each is indicated.

(Section 2. 60 credits.)

The applicants will write the following words from dictation, and they will be expected to capitalize, to place marks of accent, and to show the sounds of vowels in accented syllables by diacritical marks:

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1. Name and describe five qualities of tone.

2. In the natural expression, of what kinds of discourse or sentiment is each of the qualities you have mentioned used?

3. State a general principle for the use of rising slides and for the use of falling slides on emphatic ideas. Upon what does the length of the slide depend?

4. When may an interrogative sentence be regarded as expressing a complete idea? What inflect on should be given in such case?

5. When are circumflex slides used? Describe two kinds of circumflex slides.

6. Define cadence. Name the two kinds of cadence and tell where each occurs.

7.

of each.

What is melody in reading? Name and describe the kinds of melody, and state the use

8. Distinguish between concrete pitch and discrete pitch.

9. What is stress? Name and describe five kinds of stress.

10. Distinguish between the intellectual and the emotional element in reading.

1. Define writing.

WRITING.

2. What are the principal subjects to which attention should be given in teaching or learning to write?

3. (a) Describe the front position. (b) Give a description of the fore-arm movement?

4.

What is meant by the analysis of letters.

5. (a) How many kinds of lines are used in writing, and what are they? (b) How many kinds of curves are used, and define each. (c) Mention the letters which are five spaces in length. (d) Write the following sentence for criticism: "George Washington was the Father of his country."

GEOGRAPHY.

1. Define (a) meridians, (b) parallels, (c) equator, (d) ecliptic, (e) zones, (f) earth's orbit, (g) axis of the earth, (h) poles, (i) latitude, (j) longitude.

2. State the extent of the inclination of the earth's axis, the two causes of the change of seasons, and the width of each of the zones. Name the two tropics and tell what determines the

loc tion of each.

3. What is climate? In what five ways may it be affected and upon what does it produce important effects? Show how it varies from the equator to the poles, from the level of the sea to the summit of a mountain.

4. What is the basin of a river? A watershed? A river system? Name four river systems in North America and three in South America.

5. Name the three movements of the water of the ocean and state the causes of each movement.

6. Name and locate five mountain ranges in Europe.

7. Locate the following rivers and tell into what each flows: Volga, Danube, Ganges, Congo, Yukon.

8. Locate definitely the following cities: Rio Janiero, Valparaiso, Lisbon, Calcutta, Tokio, Alexandria, St. Petersburg, Quito, Tripoli, Cincinnati.

9. What parallel forms the northern boundary of the western section of the United States? What parallel forms the southern boundary of Oregon and Idaho? Locate the Pacific Highland; describe its elevation above the sea level, and its three drainage systems. Where is the Great

Basin? Name two of its river valleys.

10. Name and locate five great commercial cities of the United States.

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1. Give two theories accounting for the original settlement of America.

2 Give a brief personal description of Columbus, together with the dates of his voyages?

3. Name the principal explorations, with dates, of John Cabot, DeSoto, and Cartier.

4. Name the different forms of government in the colonies previous to the Revolution, with an example of each.

Name the five objective points in the French and Indian war.

6. Give the dates of the following events: Battle of Lexington, battle of Bunker Hill, Burgoyne's surrender, Cornwallis' surrender, the adoption of the Constitution.

7. Name the Presidents of the United States during the fourth epoch.

8. Name two great questions which led to the Civil war.

9 Name at least three great objective points of the war, together with the generals most intimately connected with each of thein.

10. What was the policy of reconstruction following the close of the war?

MENTAL ARITHMETIC.

1. Two-thirds of 30 is 5-2 of the difference between two numbers, and the less is 3-5 of the greater; what are the numbers?

2 A man sold two watches for $80 each; on one he lost 20 per cent, and on the other he gained 25 per cent; how much was gained or lost by the transaction?

3. What is the amount of $100 for 2 years, 6 months, and 20 days at 9 per cent?

4. What are the present worth and discount of 310 due 10 years hence at 7 per cent?

5. At what per cent will a principal quadruple itself in ten years?

6A. B and C can dig a ditch in three days. A can dig it in 6 days, and B in 8 days; in what ime can C alone dig it?

7. In a school of 80 pupils there are 32 girls; how many boys must leave that there may be 5 boys to 4 girls?

How many miles may I sail in a steamboat, going at the rate of 15 miles an hour, provided I am gone only 9 hours, and return at the rate of 12 miles an hour?

9. A horse and cow eat a quantity of hay in three weeks; how long will it last each, providing the horse eats only 2% as much as the cow?

10. How would you teach mental arithmetic, alone? Or in connection with written arith

mette?

WRITTEN ARITHMETIC.

1. Define exact or accurate interest.

2. Define (a) partnership, (b) resources and (c) liabilities.

3. Detine equations of payments.

4. Define (a) stock broker, (b) bond, (c) coupon.

5. Define trade discount.

6. What are the two-fold applications of percentage?

7. Having $32,300 to invest, I can buy N. Y. C.6's at 85 per cent or N. Y. C. 7's at 95 per cent; which will be the better investment, and how much per annum?

8. Bowes $1,500, of which $400 is to be paid in 4 months, $500 in 5 months, and $600 in six months. If he pays the whole at one time, at what time should it be paid?

9. I sent $12,300 to my agent, with which to buy flour at $5 per barrel, after deducting his commission of 2% per cent. How many barrels should I receive?

10. A gentleman owning 5% of an iron foundry, sold 4-5 of his share for $2,570.66%; how much was the foundry worth?

GRAMMAR.

1. Why should a text-book be used in teaching grammar?

2. Define (a) noun phrase, (b) verb phrase.

3. Define (a) conjugation, (b) parsing.

4. Give the classifications of pronouns, and define each.

5. Name the tenses of the indicative, potential and subjunctive modes.

6. Define (a) proximate, (b) ultimate analysis of sentences.

7. Give a synopsis of the verb "eat" through the indicative, potential and subjective m first person singular.

8

nouns:

Write (a) the possessive singular, (b) plural, and (c) the possessive plurals of the follo
Ox, mouse, cat, city, wheat and valley.

9. Correct the following, giving the reason for each correction: (1) The latitude and 1 tude of Boston is known. (2) John is not as tall as James. (3) William exchanged th.ee pa rabbits for ten dozen of eggs.

10. Diagram and parse the following: "There you will find my cousin John."

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

1.

Name the six objects of the constitution.

2.

Name the three departments of the government, with the principal officers of each. 3. Name the departments of congress. What special powers lie with the house? In what way may the President be removed from office? How often must congress meet?

4.

5.

METHODS.

(School Management.)

1. Define the art of school management, and state upon what science it is based.

2. What facilities are necessary to the proper management of a school? How are they i obtained?

3. Outline the preparatory work that should be done by a teacher before opening his sc 4. What must be made the basis of all discipline in school management?

5. What would be your method of grading a school employing three teachers?

(Teaching.)

6. Distinguish between instruction and culture, and state their relationship to each other 7. Name four methods of teaching reading, and state which of the four you would use. reasons for choice.

8. Give in detail the different steps to be taken in teaching the noun, the verb and adjectives.

9.

10.

Outline the method you would pursue in teaching fractions.

When would you begin to teach composition, and what method would you pursue ?

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1. From what part of Europe was the Saxon language brought into England? Name other languages that were spoken in England before the formation of the English lang Name the two main elements of the present English language.

2. Mention and describe briefly three English literary productions previous to the tim

Chaucer.

3. What were the two most famous translations of the Bible before King James' vers Give some account of each, stating the language from which it was translated, the time of translation, and its influence upon our language.

4. State three of the distinguishing features of the Elizabethan period of English literat Name and classify six of its most noted authors.

5. Sketch briefly the life of Shakespeare, naming at least six facts that can be positi stated. Classify his dramas as to the source from which he drew materials, and name thre

each class.

6. Give eight significant facts in the life of John Milton, exclusive of any work which wrote. Name and describe one of his great prose writings.

7. Quote a passage from each of the following works, and name the authors, with two of characteristics of each as a writer: Merchant of Venice, Essay on Studies, L'Allegro, Essay

Man.

8. Give the author of each of the following works, the century or age in which it was v ten, and the department of literature as to nature in which it should be classed: Utopia, Lyci Alexander's Feast, Dunciad. 9. What was the Augustian Age in English literature, and who were its three most fan authors? 10. Name five American poets and a work of each.

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Give the three great divisions of history with the dates of each.

Describe the civilization of the Egyptians, and briefly outline the epochs of their hist
What was the employment of the Phoenicians, and what was their principal colony
Name the first three kings of Judea, with the dates of the reign of each.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Give a brief account of the Trojan war.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Who were (a) Lycurgus, (b) Solon, (c) Pericles, (d) Socrates, (e) Demosthenes ?
How many emperors of Rome from Augustus to Constantine died a violent death?
Who were (a) Charlemange, (b) Louis XIV, (e) Cromwell?

Outline briefly the English Revolution and the Commonwealth.

Describe briefly Napoleon's career, beginning with his services under the directory.

1.

2.

3.

4.

6.

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CHEMISTRY.

Distinguish between Chemistry and Physics.

Name four characteristics of chemical action.

Explain the Atomic theory, and give three of its laws.

Name ten non-metals and ten metals, giving the symbol of each.

Give the test for Acid, Base, O, and H.

Name and explain the two methods of classifying metals.

(a) What is Spectrum Analysis? (b) What practical use is made of it in Astronomy?

(a) What is the food of the germinating plant stored in the seed as starch? (b) Explain how it is changed to sugar.

9.

Name the heat and the muscle-building element in food; give examples of food in which one or the other preponderates. What text-books have you studied on this subject?

10.

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Define a concave polygon.

4.

When is a line said to be divided into extreme and mean ratio?

Define the area of a surface.

6. Define (a) Isoperimetrical figures, (b) maximum, (c) minimum.

7. Proposition: Of all triangles having two sides given, that in which these two sides include a right angle is the maximum.

Construction: To construct a mean proportional between two given straight lines. Proposition: If any chord is drawn through a fixed point within a circle, the product of its segment is constant in whatever direction it is drawn.

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Name the departments of government. Give the qualification for Governor.

What is the greatest number of members the legislature may have?

5. What bills must originate in the house of representatives?

6. What is the minimum age for senators and representatives?

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4. Define judgment, and give examples of the analytic and the synthetic.

3. Give the relation of judgments, and illustrate with diagram.

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How is mathematical reasoning related to inductive science?
Define intuition, and show in what sense it is a faculty.

10. Give the three general heads of culture, with their subdivisions.

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5. When are four quantities in proportion by composition?

6. The fore wheel of a carriage turns in a mile 132 times more than the hind wheel; but if The circuu ference were each increased by two feet it would turn only 88 times more. Find the creamference of each.

7. If two integers differ by two, show that the difference of their squares equals four times the integer between them.

A man by selling a horse for $264, gains as much per cent. as the horse cost him. Required the cost of the horse.

9.

The tens digit of a number is less by two than the units digit, and if the digits are averted the new number is to the former as seven is to four. Find the number.

10. A farmer bought a number of sheep for $80. If he had bought four more for the same ney he would have paid $1 less for each. How many did he buy?

RHETORIC.

1. Name four points to be observed in selecting a theme for discussion.

2.

Name four general laws governing the treatment of the theme in all kinds of composition. 3. Define narration, description and exemplification.

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