Peace Society, Mrs. Henry Villard, née Fanny Garrison.

Distinction comes to her naturally, not only in her own person but as a daughter and a wife. For her father was William Lloyd Garrison, the famed abolitionist, who at 22 was editing the first prohibition paper in the country (the National Philanthropist), who at 24 (in 1829) was joint editor of The Genius of Universal Emancipation, published weekly in Baltimore. He went to prison for failure to pay a fine of $50 for libel when he had referred to a ship carrying a cargo of slaves from Baltimore to New Orleans as engaged in "domestic piracy." Poet Whittier appealed to Henry Clay (slaveholder) to pay the fine for Garrison's release; but Clay was forestalled by a Manhattan philanthropist after Garrison had been in jail for seven weeks.

Afterwards, he considered establishing an anti-slavery paper at Washington but finally decided on Boston instead. At Boston, no church would lend him a place to lecture, so he lectured in the meeting place of a body of "infidels" and there, in 1831 (at 26), established the Liberator. He went twice to England on behalf of the cause, founded the American Anti-Slavery Society, was mobbed in the streets of Boston and put in a cell to preserve his life but he continued to publish the Liberator.

He allowed women to join in his cause, denounced the Constitution and those who took oath to support it-because it supported slavery. He opposed all government as based on force and bloodshed and became an advocate of non-resistance. The Constitution, he declared, was "a covenant with Death and an agreement with Hell."

This attitude split the abolitionists into two groups-a Garrison or "moral" wing and a political wing which supported the Constitution. But, when the Civil War came, Garrison supported the Government. He saw at 60 the achieve'ment of the cause which he had championed since he was 24. In 1867, he gave up publishing the Liberator but lived on in an honored old age till 1879. Such was the father of Mrs. Villard.

Her husband had a less stormy but even more eventful career. He was born at Speyer in Bavaria in 1835 and baptized Ferdinand Heinrich Gustav Hilgard. At 18, he had a disagreement with his father, who was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Bavaria. Young Hilgard ran away to the U. S.-and changed his name to Villard. He knocked around in Ohio and Illinois for a time, attempted to start a German "free soil" colony in Kansas. At 21, he became editor of a German paper in Racine, Wis., and afterward was associated with other papers. He became

Keystone

MRS. VILLARD -her father was William Lloyd Garrison

a War correspondent for The New York Herald and The New York Tribune during the Civil War, then started his own news agency. At 31, he was correspondent for The Chicago Tribune in the Prusso-Austrian War. After that he undertook railroad financing, progressing from President of the Oregon & California in 1876 to President of the Northern Pacific (which he finished building) five years later. At this time he bought The New York Ezening Post and The Nation, of which his brother-in-law, Wendell Phillips Garrison, was Literary Editor. Such was Mrs. Villard's husband. Her son, Oswald Garrison Villard, is at present Editor of the Nation, now a pinko-political weekly.

And Mrs. Villard herself? A leader of the Women's Peace Society of the Western Hemisphere, ardent supporter of woman suffrage, philanthropist, grown to the ripe age of 80, she faced a gathering of her admirers, last week. The Peace Society presented her with a silver vase with the wish that "all battleships might be turned into vases for flowers."

A speaker for the Society said: "This family has, for generations, stood for emancipation. With the abolishment of slavery for which her father worked for years, Mrs. Villard passed the first milestone of her life. With the gain of woman's suffrage, for which she fought from the beginning of the movement, Mrs. Villard passed the second. With the approach of peace, for which she, her father and her son have so long worked, she is nearing the third."

Mrs. Villard countered with a saying of her father's: "No man in his lifetime can expect to see the result of his labors."

POLITICAL NOTES

In Wisconsin

There is nothing duller in the Senate's business than the approval of the long lists of postmasters periodically nominated for office by the President. Yet the knowing were very much interested by a block of 40 postmasters whose names the President submitted last week.

All 40 were from Wisconsin. More than that, all 40 had been selected with the approval of Senator Irvine L. Lenroot of that state; and still more, neither Senator LaFollette nor the Representatives of the state (all Republican insurgents, save one Socialist) were consulted. So was the patronage club leveled at the heads of the insurgents. Senator Lenroot is the only Wisconsin member in either House of Congress who approaches regularity.

The event seemed to mark the end of the policy of trying to appease and mollify the insurgents-a policy of which Mr. Harding was the chief proponent. It seemed to mark an attempt on the part of regular Republicans to dethrone rather than to seek an alliance with Mr. LaFollette who has long been the political emperor of the state.

The action is further aimed as a direct attack on the future politics of Wisconsin. Senator Lenroot was once a lieutenant of Senator LaFollette. He, like most of the latter's lieutenants, eventually broke with his captain. In Mr. Lenroot's case, the break came over Mr. LaFollette's War policies. Mr. LaFollette does not forgive defec tion, although himself many times forgiven by the Republican Party. Ever since the break, Senators LaFollette and Lenroot have been antagonists. In 1920, Mr. LaFollette made vigorous efforts to bring about a defeat for Mr. Lenroot, who was up for reëlection. Only the Harding landslide reelected the latter. But, in 1926, there will be no Presidential election to save Senator Lenroot; and it is thought that LaFollette's machine looks forward to retiring him in favor of someone who would do its leader's bidding. Taking patronage away from the LaFollette group, however, not only weakens it but puts the entire patronage of the state in Senator Lenroot's hands-a great aid to his reëlection.

The campaign of Mr. LaFollette and his followers against the Republican national ticket forced President Coolidge and William M. Butler to acknow

ledge that the insurgents had seceded from the Republican Party. So the Party has turned to attack them.

In Connecticut

When the underworld freezes over, the chances of snowballs will be improved and likewise the chances of Democrats in Connecticut. The Democrats have carried Connecticut. They

did it in 1876, in 1884, in 1888, in 1892, in 1912. But in the last 30 years, the majorities against them (barring 1912) have grown steadily.

Last week, there was an election in Connecticut. It was to fill the seat left vacant by the late Senator Frank Brandegee. Once more the Democrats had hope. Once more their hope came to naught.

The Democratic candidate was Hamilton Holt, onetime editor of The Independent; the Republican was Hiram Bingham, explorer and former Professor of Latin American History, now Lieutenant Governor and also Governorelect. Mr. Bingham won by 40,000. He will become Governor for a day or two before going to the Senate about the middle of January.

served in the House ever since 1899, with the exception of two years. Only six members of the present House were his seniors in point of service. Earlier than that he had been an actor, playing with Joseph Jefferson and Edwin Booth. He carried not a little of histrionic art into politics with him.

Mr. Kahn was a Republican. Therefore, during the Wilson régime, he was of the Opposition. In 1917, he was ranking Republican member of the House Military Affairs Committee. When Woodrow Wilson presented his War program and asked for a universal draft act, Chairman of the Committee Dent, although a Democrat, opposed the measure. It remained for Mr. Kahn, a Congressman who, incidentally, had been born in the enemy country, at Kuppenheim in Baden, to lead the fight for

the draft bill, to force its passage. He did.

In more than 125 years, the U. S. had gone through several conflicts

JULIUS KAHN

"-saved more lives than any other man in the U. S."

without learning the lesson of the inefficiency and ineffectiveness of voluntary recruiting methods in wartime. In 1917, when the U. S. entered the World War, some degree of system and efficient planning was started first of all by the passage of the draft bill. The result was the saving of the lives of some hundreds of thousands of men by the shortening of the conflict.

Besides his great service in the passage of the draft act, Congressman Kahn, time and again, was called upon to defend and to carry out the War program of the Wilson Administration. After the Armistice, as Chairman of The Military Affairs Committee during the 66th and 67th Congresses (1919-1923), he performed hardly a lesser service in reorganizing the Army for peace.

How to Make an Outlaw

Satirists and cynics make meat of a certain fact of human nature-the difference between a man's opinions before taking office and after. But that difference is a natural thing. For a man's opinions before taking office are likely to be a compound of his desires-his desire for office and his desire for what he believes should be done; and his opinions afterward are likely to

*During the Civil War, although the Confederate Army enforced conscription from the first, the Federal Government did not make use of the draft until 1863.

be determined by the exigencies of office, by the pressure of responsibility and by the restrictions of practicability.

So the Philadelphia Forum assembled, last week, with interest to hear the opinions of the new Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee-Senator Borah. No one expected him to have changed much, for he is not the kind of man to assume opinions lightly. Nevertheless, he had played a lone part in politics; in his new post, he cannot be quite so lonesome, quite s unique in his tenets, because the form, at least, of leadership is thrust upon him.

On this occasion, his subject was the outlawing of war, and his formula was:

1) "The creation of a body of international law," the reduction of international relations to "established rules of conduct."

2) "The e: tablishment of an independent judicial tribunal with compulsory jurisdiction over international law and treaties"-not necessarily a new World Court, but one entirely divorced from "international political institutions."

3) "The said body of international law shall declare war a crime and no longer recognize, in any way or at any time, war as a legitimate institution for the settlement of international disputes. In other words, if war comes, it must be without the shield or sanction of law, but in violation of it as a piracy, or slavery, or peonage or murder."

1,000 Guilders

Rats!

Great rats, small rats, lean rats, brawny

rats,

Brown rats, black rats, gray rats, tawny rats, old plodders, friskers,

Grave

gay

young

Fathers, mothers, uncles, cousins, Cocking tails and pricking whiskers, Families by tens and dozens, Brothers, sisters, husbands, wivesLead most Bubonic plaguey lives.

Accordingly, the Treasury Department requested Congress for $275,000 to be used to destroy an outbreak of plague among rats reported at New Orleans. Trapping, watching, fumigating are to be resorted to to suppress the disease among the vermin and prevent any chance of its spreading to humans. Presumably Congress will accept the Treasury Department bid, although it is somewhat higher than the Pied Piper's flat rate of 1,000 guilders* an extinction.

The old German guilder varied with the time and place. The present-day guilder is a Dutch coin worth about 40c (exchange is nearly normal); and 1,000 guilders would be, therefore, hout $400.

INTERNATIONAL

Debts

Following the uproar that was caused by the tentative French inquiries in Washington concerning the terms upon which their War debt to the U. S. could be funded (TIME, Dec. 15), it was made known that France would make no further advance in that direction until the success of the Experts' Plan was more definitely assured.

Simultaneously came the news that the French Government intended to seek an early opportunity to effect a settlement of its debt to Britain. It was evident, however, that there was no intention of operating the settlement until after similar negotiations had been concluded with the U. S. Government. The mooted overtures to the British Government were undoubtedly designed to fix the total that Britain would demand of France in order that the latter might know definitely the total of her AngloAmerican obligations.

THE LEAGUE

Business

At Geneva, the Secretariat of the League of Nations, under the able direction of Secretary General Sir James Eric Drummond, concerned itself with the following:

Albania. A petition was received by the Secretariat from Albania protesting against Yugo-Slavian encouragement to armed bands of revolutionaries within the country (see Page 12).

Filipinos. The Filipinos sent a note to the International Labor Bureau, a secondary organ of the League, asking for information upon the procedure necessary to become a member of that organization with a view to becoming a full member of the League (see Page 2).

Iraq. The League commission that is to decide the delimitation of the IraqTurkish frontier must have been happy in the knowledge that a paternal Secretary General was looking after its interests.

It was announced from Geneva that an insurance policy-the first ever to be be taken out by the League-on the lives of the personnel of the commission had been underwritten by Lloyds. The premium cost $70,000. Lloyds, how

ever, would insure only against murder and death by sickness in $200,000 policies; they would not touch accidents, sickness, burglary and flying risks; and if they would not, no other insurance company will.

The chief members of the Commission: Herr Wirsen, Swedish diplomat; Count Paul Teleki, former Premier of Hungary; Colonel Poulis, retired Belgian Army officer.

Arabia. Britain, as mandatory Power for Iraq, Palestine and Kerak (Transjordania), informed the Secretariat that those countries objected to paying the proportions of the Ottoman Public Debt assigned to them by the Treaty of Lausanne. An arbiter to be appointed by the Council of the League was suggested.

Germany. Germany signified her intention of participating in the conference on the control of traffic in arms which is to be held at Geneva on May 4, 1925.

Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann of Germany had delivered to Sir James Eric Drummond a note which requested further information concerning the admittance of Germany into the League. Special mention was made of Germany's anxiety to avoid military commitments in any form.

COMMONWEALTH

(British Commonwealth of Nations)

Parliament's Week

Chamberlain's Speech. Fresh from visits to Paris and Rome (TIME, Dec. 15), Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain told the House in a speech lasting 85 minutes how favorably the League of Nations had impressed him. With regard to Russia, Mr. Chamberlain said that there was no shadow of a doubt but that the Zinoviev letter (TIME, Dec. 1) was authentic. He did not think it was opportune at present to negotiate with Russia and he declined to discuss the matter further.

Egypt. Answering the criticism of Mr. Trevelyan, ex-Minister of Education, on Egypt, Mr. Chamberlain reiterated Britain's solemn determination to "regard as an unfriendly act any attempt at interference in the affairs of Egypt by another power, . . . to consider any aggression against the territory of Egypt as an act to be repelled with all the means at her command.”

He said there was no desire on the part of His Majesty's Government to terminate the Anglo-Egyptian condominium of the Sudan. He denied that there was anything in the Covenant of the League which either required or suggested that Britain should refer the

matter to that body. He had been prepared at Rome, he said, to answer any question that a member of the Council might put to him; but no questions were asked. On the contrary, in private conversation, many foreign statesmen had congratulated him upon the British action in Egypt. "To hear a really antiBritish declaration," he challenged, “I have to come to the British House of Commons."

Allied Debts. The Foreign Secretary contented himself with saying that he had not discussed interallied debts, but in saying it he seized the opportunity of driving home a friendly dig at his colleague the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Winston Churchill:

"I permitted myself to recall a proverb which I begged them not to mention lest it should create a slight coolness between the Chancellor of the Exchequer and myself. But, as I have mentioned it to him today, I may perhaps repeat it to the House. I said to those with whom I talked: 'We have an English proverb: Why bark yourself when you keep a dog?" "

A Maiden Speech. Alfred Duff Cooper, known under the pseudonym of beautiful Lady Diana Duff Cooper's husband, made his first speech in the House:

"If the League were to decide against us and say we must withdraw in favor of some other country, then the British people would refuse to recognize the ruling of the League; and that would be the end of the League forever.

"If the League is consulted on Egypt, how could France refuse to refer to it the question of Morocco and Italy the the question of Morocco; and Italy, the get into the League of Nations the United States, which at present stands outside. But do you suppose that the United States would consent to join the League if she realized that one of the first questions to be submitted to it would be her own position in the Philippines?"

Empire Trade. Premier Stanley Baldwin made a declaration of his economic policy to the House. The main points were:

1) General protection against unfair foreign competition, owing to lower wages, longer hours or depreciated currency, to any industry which can prove itself substantial and efficient.

2) General imperial preference with a Government subsidy of $4,700,000 to be considered by an imperial economic committee which would inquire into the possibility "of preparing for market and marketing, within the United Kingdom.

*Lady Diana Duff Cooper is a daughter of the Duke of Rutland. She is better know as Lady Diana Manners, famed beauty an

actress.

food products of the overseas parts of the Empire, with a view to increasing the consumption of such products in the United Kingdom in preference to imports from foreign countries and to promote the interests both of producers and consumers.

Adjournment. The House adjourned until Feb. 10 for the Christmas holidays.

Irish Impasse

At Geneva, the Secretariat of the League of Nations published a note received last month from the British Government, the most significant part of which was:

Since the League covenant came into force, His Majesty's Government have consistently taken the view that neither it nor any conventions concluded under the auspices of the League are intended to govern the relations inter se of the various parts of the British Commonwealth.

The note was a protest made at the registration, last summer, by the Irish Free State of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921, afterwards incorporated into the Irish Free State Agreement Act, which established the Free State within the coasts of Erin.

Thereupon was injected into the League the whole question of the international status of the British Dominions. Britain contended that the Treaty is a domestic concern between two component nations of the British Commonwealth. Ireland contended that it was an instrument between two separate nations and entitled to registration under Article XVIII of the Covenant*.

Although questions of important policy are involved (such as playing into the hands of the Irish Republicans by admitting that the Crown is no link between the Dominions, or permitting the Free State to appeal to the League over the Boundary Commission's decision, which is expected to be unsatisfactory), the real issue is, so far as it concerns directly the League, Is Britain one nation or seven? †

If she is one, then the Treaty is a domestic concern and the Free State had no business to register it with the League. But, in this case, the British nation has several votes to the one possessed by each of the other nation members, a manifestly unfair situation which the British have hitherto declared

"Every treaty or international engagement entered into hereafter by any member of the League shall be forthwith registered with the Secretariat and shall as soon as possible be published by it. No such treaty or international engagement shall be binding unless so registered.

†Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Union of South Africa, Newfoundland, Irish Free State. extent to which it is repugnant.

did not represent the facts of the case.

If it is seven nations, it would appear that the Free State acted within its rights. But the question is far, far deeper. The Commonwealth is bound together by a common bond represented by the Crown. Dominion Status within the Commonwealth does not legally empower any member to undertake any action which shall or may in any way undermine government by King, Legislature and Executive.* The mere registration of the treaty seems in no way to invalidate this conception of government, but it implies the right of the Free State, if the Boundary Commission fails to settle the Boundary Question between Northern Ireland and the Free State (TIME, May 5 et seq.), to appeal to the League for arbitration of the difference instead of to the Privy Council for final settlement. It thus becomes clear that there is within the Commonwealth a power greater than King, Legislature and Executive, that functions outside the Commonwealth.

Undoubtedly, this difficulty in interImperial relations will have to be overcome by a new Imperial Conference. Meantime, at Geneva, members of the League wonder if there are really two kinds of memberrship-one for ordinary nations, one for the British Commonwealth. In London, Colonel Amery, Secretary of State for the Colonies, after stating that the Government intended to accord to the Dominion High Commissioner in London the privileges enjoyed by Ambassadors to the Court of St. James, said:

same

"The outside world will gradually have to learn that the British Empire is both a league of free and independent nations and an individualistic unit."

To Rule

"For nearly a century your State has been under our administration. Today it is handed over to you well organized and prosperous. Your education, your record as a soldier and the diligence with which you have studied to prepare yourself for the work of governing your State, fill me with confidence that you will think more of the duties and responsibilities of your office than of its privileges.

“The noble response of the people of your State to the call of arms during the War constitutes a claim to the best effort that you can put forward for the amelioration of their condition." With these words the British Raj†

law passed or a treaty negotiated by the Dominions which is repugnant to a law affecting the Dominion and passed by the Parliament at Westminster is void to the †British rule or sovereignty, from the Hindu verb raj, to reign; cf. rajah, a prince.

turned over the State of Savantvadismall State south of Bombay on the west coast of India-to Bapusaheb Bhosie, Indian Prince educated in England, who henceforth becomes the Sardesai (Ruler) of Savantvadi.

FRANCE

Red Terror

PARIS SEES RED

French Army Trains Guns Against Reds RED TERROR PERIL SENDS COLD CHILL UP FRENCH SPINES

Such were some of the headlines last week of stories in U. S. newspapers describing Communist revolts and rumors of Communist revolts. In France, opposition newspapers carried similar headlines. They announced the imminence of a Reign of Red Terror.

Premier Herriot, confined to his bed by illness, read these headlines, waxed impatient and finally angry. He decided to receive the ever-waiting army of journalists in his bedroom. To them he said:

"I was anxious to see you because the country is passing through a panic crisis which must be combatted. The falsest reports are circulating. Yesterday it was a raid at Amiens, where no raids were made. Today it is a story of stolen machine guns at Longuyon, equally untrue. What is serious is that this neurosis is spreading daily. Foreigners are growing anxious.

"Yet the situation in no way justifies such fears. The situation in France is excellent. In Morocco all goes well. Our relations with England are most cordial. The budget is practically balanced. Why these anxieties ?"

Then, sitting up in his bed, he read to them a statement in which he categorically proved that the opposition newspapers had either exaggerated the importance of Communist activities or had fabricated reports to cause panic among the people. He drew a long and dismal picture of the disastrous effects which such scare news was causing: withdrawal of money from banks, runs on provision stores, expatriation of capital, etc.

Sénateur René Renoult, Minister of Justice, announced that the Government had taken action against La Liberté for printing untrue reports of a Red plot to seize the city of Amiens. Further and energetic action, he said, would be taken against offenders. The Government was also considering the expulsion of foreign correspondents who have been sending home to their newspapers “lurid reports of revolutionary activities."

The effect of the Premier's policy was

to raise a storm of criticism about his ears. Practically the whole of the Opposition and its press attacked the Premier. At Pré Saint Gervais, where Socialists Millerand and Briand had, 30 years before, harrangued the people, the "storm troops" of the Communists stood shivering in the cold, warming their souls from the fiery heat of their leader's oratory.

Fog

Some of the gaiety was taken out of the French Capital by a sudden and unprecedented fall from the sky of what was graphically described as a "pea-soup fog."

The Prefect, who is nabob of the sergents de ville, or policemen, ordered his force of men to guard the street corners in the busiest sections of the city. Automobile drivers were told to honk frequently, to use the full power of their headlights. The only effect was to light up the fog without penetrating it and to cause such a din by the honking as to force the usually voluble French into an exhausted silence. None the less, only a few minor accidents from collision were reported.

Dinner

Around a lavishly decorated board. were seated U. S. Ambassador Myron T. Herrick, Emile Daeschner (recently appointed Ambassador-designate to the U. S.), le maréchal Foch, Jules Cambon (onetime Ambassador to Germany), General Gouraud (Military Governor of Paris), Sheldon Whitehouse (U. S. Counselor of Embassy) and Mrs. Whitehouse, U. S. Consul General and Mrs. Robert Skinner, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Goelet of Manhattan, and many another.

The occasion was a dinner given by Ambassador Herrick to his brother Ambassador, M. Daeschner.

Amnesty

The Amnesty Bill, as amended by the Senate (TIME, Dec. 1), was passed by the Chamber of Deputies, 365 to 120 votes. The original Bill was passed by the Chamber several months ago (TIME, July 21). This makes amnesty absolute, inter alia, for ex-Premier Joseph Caillaux, originally convicted for endangering France's alliances, and for ex-Minister of Interior Louis Malvy, found guilty of communicating with the enemy during the War.

GERMANY

Cabinet Crisis

The German Cabinet cross politics puzzle (TIME, Oct. 13) which has defied solution for many months, was laid

aside over the Christmas holiday. The horizontal lines were forever upsetting the vertical lines and no sense could be made out of any of the words.

Chancellor Wilhelm Marx tendered his resignation to President Friedrich Ebert, who accepted it and asked the Chancellor to carry on pro tempore.

Stresemann's Failure. The President then summoned Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann, leader of the German People's Party, bosom friend of Monarchy men. Herr Stresemann accepted the Presidential mandate to form a new Cabinet. He tried; but because Dr. Marx would not come to his aid with 68 Centrists faithful and true, the Foreign Minister gave up the task.

Marx's Failure. The President then called to him Chancellor Marx, leader of the Centre or Catholic Party, asked him to form a new ministry. Dr. Marx tried; but because Herr Stresemann would not help with his 50 men, who were firmly attached to the Monarchists, Dr. Marx told the President that he had failed to form a Cabinet.

The President, exhausted, decided to let the crisis wear itself out. Chancellor Marx and his Government are to stay in office until Jan. 5, when the Reichstag convenes.

One Proposal. Interest in the ultimate solution of the Cabinet puzzle was not lacking in Reichstag circles. Among the many proposals was the suggestion that ex-Chancellor Hermann Muller, leader of the Social Democratic Party, should form a Cabinet composed of Social Democrats, Centrists and members of the German People's Party. This plan, however, was thought likely to end in failure as had Chancellor Marx's identical attempt.

Another Proposal. A more practical suggestion was contained in the proposal that Dr. Gessler, Democrat and present Minister of Defense, should head a Cabinet composed of members of all the Reichstag parties.

Goose-Flesh

For the past two weeks, Germans throughout the length and breadth of Germany have taken an absorbing interest in their newspapers. Supercilious Frauen would adjust their thick pincenez, glance at the headlines, shudder, read something else, return to the headlines, shudder again, put down the paper, go away, come back, look at the headline once more and again shudder, then plunge into the story.

Fraulein, with minds as sticky as chewing gum, giggled and gasped and choked and exclaimed aloud in horror.

Sensitive Jüngling had chronic attacks of goose-flesh. At a certain beer gar den in Berlin, a fat, elderly man was seen to order a stein of beer and forget it in the excitment of reading the evening shocker.

All this commotion was caused by the trial of a monster-Fritz Haarmann, charged with the murder of 27 persons. After a trial exciting the horror and disgust of the whole nation, Haarman and an accomplice named Hans Grans, who aided in one of the murders, were sentenced to death. Haarman was found guilty of 24 murders. Said he upon hearing the ver dict:

"I accept the sentence fully and entirely, though I am innocent of some of the murders attributed to me."

SPAIN

Ibanez vs. Alfonso

The feud between Vicente Blasc› Ibanez, Spanish author living in France, and King Alfonso (TIME, Oct. 20 et seq.) went on.

In Madrid, the Public Prosecutor presented to the President of the Supreme Tribunal an indictment against Ibanez for publication and distribution of pamphlets, constituting inter alia, the crime of lèse-majesté*. The author was then summoned to appear within 15 days before a military judge in Madrid, to give testimony in his defense.

Somewhere in France, somebody informed Ibanez of the summons. Roared he in hearty laughter: "I would just as soon take refuge on a cannibal island or throw myself into waters inhabited by crocodiles or famished sharks as to confide myself to the government of bandits now ruling Spain."

Meantime, at Paris, rumors tripped nakedly around whispering 1) that Ibanez was to be deported; 2) that he was to be sued by the French Government under an obscure and unquoted law. There was probably no truth in these reports.

Royal Voice

King Alfonso sold to a phonograph company a monopoly on the sale of a record of one of his patriotic speeches. He announced that the proceeds of the sale would be used for buying New Year's gifts for Spanish troops in Morocco.

Duel?

Señor Benigna Varella, editor of the Madrid royalist journal Monaria, challenged Author Vicente Blase

*Lèse majesté literally, injured majestr with the connotation of "sovereign power." A term of law.