...one word of encouragement, or one smile of favour'. Hence the barbed put-down: The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a...and when he has reached ground encumbers him with help.74 - and the significant substitution when Johnson revised The Vanity of Human Wishes in 1749:...

...of favour. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before. The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a...struggling for life in the water, and when he has reached the ground encumbers him with help? The notice which you have been pleased to take of my labours, had...

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...and the literary marketplace complemented each other as sources of sustenance for aspiring authors. "Is not a Patron, My Lord, one who looks with unconcern...when he has reached ground encumbers him with help?" writes Samuel Johnson in his famous letter to Lord Chesterfield, dated 7 February 1755. "The notice...

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...Samuel Johnson expressed his disdain for private patrons in 1754, when he bitterly defined a patron as "one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling...and, when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help."17 Thus the ideal of independence and autonomy became increasingly central to authorial identity...

...Human Wishes, 1:105). At the famous line in the Letter to Lord Chesterfield, "The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love, and found him a native of the rocks," he responds with vexation, "What does this mean? that Ld. Ch's heart was a Rock? — if so, to me it...