...that because the "sovereignty of Congress" is plenary as to its objects, "the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, is...absolutely as it would be in a single government. . . ." Were that true, the commerce power would be as exclusive as the treaty power or war powers and...

...were restrictions on the exercise of national power. Those restrictions were, in Marshall's terms, the wisdom and the discretion of Congress, their identity...the influence which their constituents possess at election. His thought was that the National Government is a representative one in which Members of...

...congress, though limited to specified objects, is plenary as to those objects, the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, is...power as are found in the constitution of the United States."117 In making this judgment Marshall rejected "the Tenth Amendment as an active principle of...

...this was perfectly feasible, for, as he stated in Gibbons v Ogden, five years later: "The wisdom and discretion of Congress, their identity with the people,...the influence which their constituents possess at election, are, in ... many ... instances, the sole restraints on which [the people] have relied, to...

...Congress, though limited to specified objects, is plenary as to those objects, the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, is...power as are found in the constitution of the United States.62 Although Madison never publicly commented on Marshall's decision in Gibbons, there was no...

...Congress, though limited to specified objects, is plenary as to those objects, the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, is...power as are found in the constitution of the United States. (Gibbons, 197) The word "plenary" was especially comforting to those searching for constitutional...

...congress, though limited to specified objects, is plenary as to those objects, the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, is...absolutely as it would be in a single government." 59 Marshall presented this sweeping statement of plenary congressional authority as one of those enduring...

...congress, though limited to specified objects, is plenary as to those objects, the power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, is...congress as absolutely as it would be in a single government."59 Marshall presented this sweeping statement of plenary congressional authority as one...

...the Commerce Clause from Gibbons v. Ogden forward. He declared that the power to regulate commerce among the several states "is vested in Congress as...absolutely as it would be in a single government," that this power "is plenary, complete in itself, and may be exerted by Congress to its utmost extent,...

...necessary now. He quoted Chief Justice John Marshall in the Gibbons case: "The power over commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states is vested...absolutely] as it would be in a single government." Stevens's reasoning, as was John Marshall's, is obvious. If different states created their own rules...